No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Gastrointestinal Tract* ; Muscle, Smooth* ; Smooth Muscle Tumor*

BACKGROUND: Improvements in the degree of marginal reflex distance 1 (MRD1) were compared before and after use of the frontalis transfer (FT) method and closed silicone rod frontalis suspension surgery (SS) for severe blepharoptosis under general or local anesthesia with or without minimal sedation. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records and photographs of 76 patients who had visited our institute between 2006 and 2013 because of severe blepharoptosis with poor levator function and treated by the same senior doctor. RESULTS: In total, 104 eyes (63 patients) were included after applying exclusion criteria; 71 eyes (44 patients) were corrected using FT, and 33 eyes (19 patients) were corrected using the frontalis sling method with a silicone rod. Among the general FT, local FT, general SS, and local SS groups, the mean preoperative MRD1 was not significantly different. Postoperative MRD1 was highest in the local FT group. CONCLUSIONS: Both FT and SS positively increased MRD1, regardless of the anesthesia used; however, the change in MRD1 of the general SS group was the lowest (1.11+/-0.848 mm). Further, general FT, local FT, and local SS groups had an approximate 2 mm or greater increase in the differences between postoperative and preoperative MRD1. Specifically, the local FT group had a definite positive correlation with postoperative MRD1.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Local ; Blepharoptosis ; Eyelids ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Reflex ; Silicon* ; Silicones*

Background: Mid-facial aging is associated with various changes, particularly around the lower eyelid, where these changes manifest as herniation of orbital fat, sagging of soft tissue around the zygoma, and the tear trough deformity. We improved the lower eyelid contour via transconjunctival orbital fat removal and the use of either an autologous fat graft or filler injection. Methods: Between June 2016 and July 2018, 100 patients aged 23–48 years underwent autologous fat grafts (group A: 50 patients, 100 eyes) or filler injections (group B: 50 patients, 100 eyes). The mean follow-up period was approximately 3 months. The results of surgery were evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS) to assess patient satisfaction and with preoperative and postoperative scores determined by three plastic surgeons according to the grading system for lower eyelid contour deformity devised by Barton et al. Results: The mean VAS score was 8.48 in group A and 8.92 in group B, but the difference was not statistically significant. The percentage of postoperative improvement from preoperative grade I deformity to grade 0 was 97.7% in group A and 100% in group B. The percentage of improvement from preoperative grade II deformity to grade 0 was 96.0% in group A and 96.1% in group B, and the percentage of improvement from grade III deformity to grade 0 in was 66.7% in group A and 75% in group B. Conclusions Filler injection can be an alternative to fat grafting for improvement of the lower eyelid contour after transconjunctival orbital fat removal.

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular*

PURPOSE: Tie-over dressing is widely used to secure skin grafting on face, body, or extremities. It can be a rather complicated task and is not easy to make compressive dressing again if performed in a conventional method. So, we hereby introduce an easy reproducible tie over dressing method. METHODS: After completing the skin graft, Cut the silastic drainage longitudinally in half and spread to the grafted skin margin. Drainage is fixed by using the stapes or sutures. A fluffy gauze bolus dressing is placed over a furacin impregnated gauze and wrapped around. After suturing the distal margin of silastics with opposite side using the silk thread either 5-0 or 3-0, knot of suturing, which is pressed down against the dressing while the threads are tightened, is made into center of each sides. RESULTS: It can make dressing again after observing the grafted skin, and it can also make pressure on the grafted area evenly until the grafted skin is taken. CONCLUSION: This dressing method makes the surgeons and patients comfortable. To surgeons, it provides more rapid and easier way to do dressing, and to patients, it eliminates pain caused by redressing.
Bandages ; Dimethylpolysiloxanes ; Drainage ; Extremities ; Humans ; Nitrofurazone ; Silk ; Skin ; Skin Transplantation ; Stapes ; Sutures ; Transplants

Functioning adrenal cortical tumors are originated form a distinct zone(zonna glomerulosa, zonna fasciculata or zonna reticularis) or the transitonal zone of adrenal gland. Each zone of the gland is regulated by their specific hormons or cytokines, and their signal transduction systems are different. The oncogenes of many endocrine tumors were mutated proteins involved in signal transduction, however gip is the only reported oncogene in adrenal cortical tumors. Therefore we decided to reevaluate whether gsp might be detected as an oncogene in several different functioning adrenal tumors, and we also tested whether CREB protein is a tentative oncogene or not. In our study, gsp was not detected in 13 patients, however gip was not also detected unexpectedly. There were no mutations in the phosporylation site of CREB("P" box) in adrenal cushing syndrome. We concluded that gip was not a oncogene detected frequently in adrenal cortical tumor, and CREB protein was not considered as a tentative oncogen, because there might be no amplification of the signals due to its extreme distal component of PKA or PKC system.
Adrenal Glands ; Cushing Syndrome ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein ; Cytokines ; Humans ; Oncogenes ; Signal Transduction

Tick bites are dermatoses not commonly encountered in Korea. Identification of causative ticks as well as recognition of clinical signs and histopathologic findings are important in making a diagnosis in tick-related dermatoses. Hard ticks which belong to the Family Ixodidae are responsible for most tick-related diseases. Since the first human case of tick bite in Korea was reported in 1982, seventeen cases have been reported up to the present. All the inflicted ticks belonged to the genus Ixodes except a case by Haemaphysalis flava. Among 16 ticks, collected from 16 cases of tick bites caused by the genus Ixodes, nine I. nipponenses, an I. ovatus and I. persulcatus were identified. Recently we experienced 8 cases of tick bites, 6 of them were caused by the genus Ixodes including 4 I. nipponenses. One of them, whose essential complaint was fever and chills, showed the clinical course of tick bite pyrexia which had not been reported in Korea. The clinical and epidemiological findings of tick bites reported in Korea were reviewed, including these 8 cases.
Chills ; Diagnosis ; Fever ; Humans ; Ixodes ; Ixodidae ; Korea ; Skin Diseases ; Tick Bites* ; Ticks*

PURPOSE: Chemerin has been suggested to be linked to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the relationship between visceral adiposity and chemerin levels remains unclear in subjects with T2DM. In this study, we investigated the relationship between serum chemerin levels and visceral adiposity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 102 subjects newly diagnosed with T2DM. The relationships between serum chemerin levels and clinical and biochemical parameters were examined. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the predictable factors of serum chemerin levels. RESULTS: Serum chemerin levels showed significant positive correlations with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), visceral fat thickness (VFT), insulin levels, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and levels of triglycerides (log-transformed) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, while showing significant negative correlations with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. After adjusting for BMI and WC, VFT showed a significant relationship with serum chemerin levels (r=0.222, p=0.027). Moreover, VFT was an independent predictive factor of serum chemerin levels (β=0.242, p=0.041). CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that chemerin is linked to metabolic syndrome components. Moreover, serum chemerin levels were associated significantly with obesity, especially visceral adipose tissue, in subjects with T2DM.
Adiposity* ; Body Mass Index ; C-Reactive Protein ; Cholesterol ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Homeostasis ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance ; Intra-Abdominal Fat ; Linear Models ; Lipoproteins ; Obesity ; Triglycerides ; Waist Circumference*

PURPOSE: Many researches about various surgical method for blepharoptosis have already been introduced. But researches for complications after blepharoptosis correction is relatively insufficient. So, this study was performed to recognize common complications that arise depending on the severity of blepharoptosis, levator function and surgical method. METHODS: 250 patients who have undergone surgical treatment for blepharoptosis from 1987 to 2006 were analyzed in this study. Patients were categorized according to severity of blepharoptosis, levator function and surgical method that has been used. Complications after blepharoptosis correction were analyzed. RESULT: There occurred complications in 64 patients. The specifics are as following; undercorrection 22, asymmetry 13, overcorrection 12, lagophthalmos 4, abnormal eyelid contour 4, exposure keratitis 3, ectropion 2, inclusion cyst 2, infection 1 and conjunctival prolapse 1. Among above patients, 3 patients had two kinds of complications. 21 patients underwent secondary surgery due to complication. CONCLUSION: Evaluating the outcomes of the secondary surgery, the early correction was better than the late correction. The most of the complications were recovered through conservative and surgical treatments. The most of the complications (47 patients) were undercorrection, asymmetry, overcorrection and took 73.4% of the total complications. As the blepharoptosis became severe or levator function became poorer, the rate of complications became higher. According to the operation methods, most of the complications occurred in levator operation, frontalis transfer and OOM flap.
Blepharoptosis ; Ectropion ; Eyelids ; Humans ; Keratitis ; Postoperative Complications ; Prolapse