No abstract available.
Liver Cirrhosis* ; Liver*

No abstract available.
Erythromycin* ; Gastric Emptying* ; Gastroparesis*

Fetus in fetu is an extremely uncommon cause of abdominal mass in the neonate with an incidence of 1 in 500,000 births. This is thought to occur when a monozygotic, diamniotic twin is incorporated into the body of its sibling early in embryonic development. A case of retroperitoneal fetus in fetu in a 3 day old male infant is reported, the excised round mass contained the vertebral column, 2 feet, 2 arms, small penis and testis. The presence of vertebral axis and organogenesis differentiates it from a teratoma. More than 100 cases of fetus in fetu have been reported, most of which have been in the abdomen. We report a case of a well developed fetus in the retroperitoneal area of a neonate delivered at term.
Abdomen ; Arm ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Embryonic Development ; Female ; Fetus* ; Foot ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Organogenesis ; Parturition ; Penis ; Pregnancy ; Siblings ; Spine ; Teratoma ; Testis

BACKGROUND: Patients with malignancy are considered to be at high risk of severe pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009. This study was conducted to identify the severity of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 among patients with malignancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between August 2009 and December 2009, we reviewed clinical data and medical records of 31 patients with malignancy and 63 hospitalized patients without malignancy. RESULTS: Eighty-three patients with laboratory-confirmed pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 were admitted. The rate of ICU admission was higher among patients with malignancy (without malignancy 13% vs with malignancy 35%, P=0.024). The mortality rate was higher among patients with malignancy (without malignancy 6% vs with malignancy 25%, P=0.033). Patients using immunosuppressants showed a higher rate of lower respiratory tract infection (83% vs 24%, P=0.013). CONCLUSIONS: Pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 in patients with malignancy was more severe than in patients without malignancy.
Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Influenza, Human ; Korea ; Medical Records ; Pandemics ; Respiratory Tract Infections

BACKGROUND: Apo E lipoprotein is made up of 299 amino acid and is classified into three major isoforms(E2, E3 and E4). Aop E lipoprotein plays an important role in the regulation of the lipid metabolism. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the variations of plasma lipids depending on the apo E genotype in the Korean males. METHODS: We studied 257 male subjects without evidence of coronary artery disease. Apo E genotyping was determined with the INNO-line probe assay apo E test, which is based on reverse hybridization. RESULTS: Apo E genotype frequencies for 257 subjects were as follows, 73.9% for epsilon3/3, 16% for epsilon4/3, 8.2% for epsilon3/2, 1.2% for epsilon2/2, and 0.8 for epsilon4/4. We found significant differences in apo E allele frequencies of our subjects campared with those of western populations. Compared to the subjects with apo epsilon3, the subjects with apo epsilon2 was associated with higher levels of triglyceride, and the subjects with apo epsilon4 had lower levels of HDL cholesterol. CONCLUSION: The frequencies of apeE genotype varies depending on the ethnic origin. ApoE polymorphism plays an important role in determining individual differences in plasma lipids.
Apolipoproteins E ; Apolipoproteins* ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Hominidae ; Humans ; Individuality ; Lipid Metabolism ; Lipoproteins ; Male* ; Plasma* ; Triglycerides

BACKGROUND: Apo E lipoprotein is polymorphic and exists in three common isoforms (E2, E3 and E4), which are the gene products of three apo E alleles, e2, e3 and e4. Apo E lipoprotein plays an important role in the regulation of the lipid metabolism through its ability to bind to receptors. Depending on the genotypes apo E polymorphism is either protective or increases risk for atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. The purpose of this study is to evaluate 1) the association between apo E allele and the development of coronary artery disease, 2) the association between apo E alleles and dyslipidemia in Korean males. METHODS: We studied 241 patients with angiographically verified coronary artery disease and 257 male subjects without evidence of coronary artery disease. Apo E genotyping was determined with the INNO-LiPA Apo E kit (Innogenetics, Belgium), which is based on reverse hybridization. RESULTS: There was a higher frequency of the apo e4 allele in subjects with coronary artery disease than in normal controls. The frequencies of apo E genotype were not significantly associated with apo e2 were associated with higher levels of triglyceride and lower LDL, and the subjects with apo e4 had lower levels of HDL cholesterol. CONCLUSION: ApoE polymorphism is a genetic marker for risk of the development of coronary artery disease and an important determinant of dyslipidemia.
Alleles ; Apolipoprotein E2 ; Apolipoprotein E4 ; Apolipoproteins E ; Apolipoproteins* ; Atherosclerosis ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Dyslipidemias ; Genetic Markers ; Genotype ; Humans ; Lipid Metabolism ; Lipoproteins ; Male* ; Protein Isoforms ; Triglycerides

BACKGROUND: We investigated the effect of donor marrow T cell depletion, administration of FK506, cyclosporin A (CSA), and 3-deazaadenosine (DZA) on graft versus host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic murine hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). METHODS: We used 4 to 6 week old Balb/c (H-2(d), recipient), and C3H/He (H-2(k), donor) mice. Total body irradiated recipients received 1x10(7) bone marrow cells (BM) and 0.5x10(7) splenocytes of donor under FK506 (36 mg/kg/day), CSA (5 mg/kg/day, 20 mg/kg/day), and DZA (45 mg/kg/day), which were injected intraperitoneally from day 1 to day 14 daily and then three times a week for another 2 weeks. To prevent the GVHD, irradiated Balb/c mice were transplanted with 1x10(7) rotor-off (R/O) cells of donor BM. The severity of GVHD was assessed daily by clinical scoring method. RESULTS: All experimental groups were well grafted after HSCT. Mice in experimental group showed higher GVHD score and more rapid progression of GVHD than the mice with R/O cells (R/O group) (p<0.01). There were relatively low GVHD scores and slow progressions in FK506 and low dose CSAgroups than high dose CSA group (p<0.01). The survival was better in FK506 group than low dose CSA group. All mice treated with CSA died within 12 days after HSCT. The GVHD score in DZA group was low and slow in comparison with control group (p<0.05), but severity and progression were similar with low dose CSA group (p=0.11). All mice without immunosuppressive treatment died within 8 days, but all survived in R/O group (p<0.01). Survival in low dose CSA group was longer than in control group (p<0.05), but in high dose CSA group, survival was similar to control group. The survival benefit in DZA group was similar with low dose CSA group. FK506 group has the best survival benefit than other groups (p<0.01), comparable with R/O group (p=0.18), although probability of survival was 60%. CONCLUSION: We developed lethal GVHD model after allogeneic murine HSCT. In this model, immunosuppressive agents showed survival benefits in prevention of GVHD. DZA showed similar survival benefits to low dose CSA. We propose that DZA can be used as a new immunosuppressive agent to prevent GVHD after allogeneic HSCT.
Animals ; Bone Marrow ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Cyclosporine* ; Graft vs Host Disease* ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation* ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells* ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Mice ; Research Design ; Tacrolimus* ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants

Background: Breast reconstruction using an extended latissimus dorsi (eLD) flap can supplement more volume than reconstruction using various local flaps after partial mastectomy, and it is a valuable surgical method since the reconstruction area is not limited. However, when performing reconstruction, the surgeon should consider latissimus dorsi (LD) volume reduction due to postoperative chemotherapy (POCTx) and postoperative radiotherapy (PORTx). To evaluate the effect of POCTx and PORTx on LD volume reduction, the effects of each therapy—both separately and jointly—need to be demonstrated. The present study quantified LD volume reduction in patients who underwent POCTx and PORTx after receiving breast-conserving surgery (BCS) with an eLD flap. Methods: This study included 48 patients who received immediate breast reconstruction using an eLD flap from January 2013 to March 2017, had chest computed tomography (CT) 7–10 days after surgery and 10–14 months after radiotherapy completion, and were observed for more than 3 years postoperatively. One surgeon performed the breast reconstruction procedures, and measurements of breast volume were obtained from axial CT views, using a picture archiving and communication system. A P-value <0.05 was the threshold for statistical significance. Results: The average volume reduction of LD at 10–14 months after completing POCTx and PORTx was 64.5% (range, 42.8%–81.4%) in comparison to the volume measured 7–10 days after surgery. This change was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions Based on the findings of this study, when harvesting an eLD flap, surgeons should anticipate an average LD volume reduction of 64.5% if chemotherapy and radiotherapy are scheduled after BCS with an eLD flap.