No abstract available.
Subcutaneous Tissue*

No abstract available.
Infant, Newborn ; Jaundice, Neonatal* ; Radionuclide Imaging* ; Technetium Tc 99m Disofenin*

No abstract available.
Acceleration* ; Lasers, Semiconductor* ; Wound Healing* ; Wounds and Injuries*

Total anomalous pulmonary venous return(connection) is a congenital heart disease. Especially, the reports of the patients with double connections of all pulmonary veins were rare. An infant who underwent operation for total anomalous pulmonary venous return had double drainge of all pulmonary veins to both left vertical vein and anomalous descending vein. This second lesion was not diagnosed preoperatively, but in operative field. Operative treatments were performed by ligation of left vertical vein and central pulmonary vein-to-left atrium anastomosis without ligation of the descending anomalous vein. For these less common variants fo total anomalous pulmonary venous return,a more detailed and precise understanding of morphology can facilitate accurate surgical repair. And also, early detection of the disease is an another issue for a good prognosis.
Heart Defects, Congenital ; Humans ; Infant ; Ligation ; Prognosis ; Pulmonary Veins ; Scimitar Syndrome* ; Veins

No abstract available.
Cystadenocarcinoma, Mucinous* ; Mucins*

BACKGROUND: Calcium disturbance may clinically produce diaphragmatic weakness. Extracellular calcium is necessary for diaphragmatic contraction, suggesting that the diaphragm behaves more like cardiac muscle. The effect of extracellular Ca2 concentrations on the relaxation action of vecuronium was studied in rat hemidiaphragm-phrenic nerve preparations. METHODS: Hemidiaphragm-phrenic nerve preparations were obtained from male Sprague-Dawley rats (200 300 g). Preparations were bathed in Kreb's solution of (mM): NaCl 118, KCl 5, CaCl2 2.5, NaHCO3 30, KH2PO4 1, MgCl2 1 and glucose 11, then maitained at 37oC when aspirated with a mixture of 95% O2 and 5% CO2. Isometric forces generated in response to 0.1 Hz, 2 Hz for 2 seconds and, 50 Hz for 2 seconds with supramaximal electrical stimulation (0.2 msec, rectangular) to the phrenic nerve, were measured with a force transducer. Single twitch tension and peak tetanic tension were calculated as a percentage of control. TOF fade was calculated as (1-(T4/T1))x100. Each preparation was exposed to the alterations in calcium concentrations of the Kreb's solution (3.75, 3.125, 1.5, 1.25, 0.625, 0.3125 (mM)), and the adequate volume of vecuronium stock solution was added to the tissue bath for desired bath concentration. The effects of calcium and vecuronium were allowed to reach a steady state before measurement of tension parameters was done. Single twitch tensions or peak tetanic tensions, which were measured at each calcium concentration, were compared respectively. EC5, EC25, EC50, EC75, and EC95 of vecuronium for a single twitch tension, TOF fade, and peak tetanic tension at each calcium concentration, were calculated using a sigmoid Emax model. We compared the EC50 of vecuronium according to calcium concentrations. Data was compared by the Kruskal-Wallis test with a post hoc Wilcoxon rank sum test. A p-value of below 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The range of calcium concentration studied didn't produce differences among single or tetanictensions respectively. The EC50's of vecuronium decreased as calcium concentration decreased. CONCLUSIONS: The reduction of calcium concentration can augment the action of vecuronium on the diaphragm.
Animals ; Baths ; Calcium* ; Colon, Sigmoid ; Diaphragm ; Electric Stimulation ; Glucose ; Humans ; Magnesium Chloride ; Male ; Myocardium ; Neuromuscular Agents* ; Paralysis ; Phrenic Nerve ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Relaxation ; Transducers ; Vecuronium Bromide*

OBJECTIVES: Previous literature on the prescription change among patients with schizophrenia mainly focused on antipsychotics. This study investigated chronological change in the patterns of discharge medication among inpatients with schizophrenia at a psychiatric inpatient unit of a university-affiliated hospital. METHODS: All admission records at a psychiatric unit of Hanyang University Guri Hospital with discharge diagnosis of schizophrenia during two different five-year time frames (1996-2000 and 2006-2010) were reviewed including the demographic and clinical data and discharge medications. The data were gathered from a total of 207 patients (95 in 1990s and 112 in 2000s). RESULTS: The frequency in use of atypical antipsychotics (p < 0.01), antidepressants (p < 0.05), beta-blockers (p < 0.01), and benzodiazepine (p < 0.01) was significantly higher in 2000s. Anticholinergic drugs were less likely used in 2000s (p < 0.01). We did not find significant differences in the equivalent dose of antipsychotic drugs, the use of mood stabilizers and cholinergic drugs between two time frames. CONCLUSIONS: Increased proportion of atypical antipsychotics and decreased use of anti-parkinsonian drugs are in line with literature. Our results show that more diverse classes of psychotic medications are used for schizophrenia in recent years. It is likely that psychiatrists are becoming more conscious of negative symptoms, anxiety, and depression in the pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia as well as positive symptoms of the illness.
Antidepressive Agents ; Antipsychotic Agents ; Anxiety ; Benzodiazepines ; Cholinergic Agents ; Depression ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Inpatients* ; Korea ; Prescriptions* ; Psychiatry ; Psychotropic Drugs ; Schizophrenia*

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of B-cell type is the second most common neoplasm after Kaposi's sarcoma among patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Most non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cases that are associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) involve extranodal sites, especially the digestive tract and the central nervous system. We report a case of multiple jejunal intussusception caused by Burkitt lymphoma in a 42-year-old AIDS patient. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and surgical biopsy were performed and a complete diagnostic study including histological and immunohistochemical analyses showed Burkitt lymphoma.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome* ; Adult ; B-Lymphocytes ; Biopsy ; Burkitt Lymphoma* ; Central Nervous System ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; HIV ; Humans ; Intussusception* ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Sarcoma, Kaposi

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of B-cell type is the second most common neoplasm after Kaposi's sarcoma among patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Most non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cases that are associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) involve extranodal sites, especially the digestive tract and the central nervous system. We report a case of multiple jejunal intussusception caused by Burkitt lymphoma in a 42-year-old AIDS patient. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and surgical biopsy were performed and a complete diagnostic study including histological and immunohistochemical analyses showed Burkitt lymphoma.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome* ; Adult ; B-Lymphocytes ; Biopsy ; Burkitt Lymphoma* ; Central Nervous System ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; HIV ; Humans ; Intussusception* ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Sarcoma, Kaposi

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) is a common therapeutic technique for biliary and pancreatic disease, but it can cause several complications. Although the literature suggests that there is no need for patients to stop taking aspirin before undergoing EST, there are no definite guidelines on this in Korea. Consequently, we compared the frequency of bleeding and safety between aspirin users and nonusers undergoing EST. METHODS: This retrospective study recruited 1003 patients who underwent EST at our hospital between 1 February 2005 and 30 September 2008. Thirteen patients continued to take aspirin until the day of the sphincterotomy (group 1), and 990 patients had not taken aspirin before the sphincterotomy (group 2). The incidence of post-sphincterotomy bleeding was compared between the two groups retrospectively. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in age or gender between the two groups. The indications for EST included common bile duct stones in 12 patients (92.3%, 12/13) in group 1 and 706 patients (71.3%, 706/990) in group 2 (p = 0.124). Regarding combined disease, cholangitis was observed in 11 patients (84.6%, 11/13) in group 1 and 815 patients (82.3%, 815/990) in group 2 (p = 0.974). Clinically significant post-sphincterotomy bleeding was observed in three patients in group 2 (0.3%, 3/990) versus none in group 1. CONCLUSIONS: Taking aspirin does not appear to clinically increase bleeding after EST. Therefore, there is no definite need to stop aspirin before undergoing EST.
Aspirin ; Cholangitis ; Common Bile Duct ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Morinda ; Pancreatic Diseases ; Retrospective Studies ; Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic