Purpose: The study aimed to identify which digital biomarkers are collected and which specific devices are used according to vulnerable and susceptible individual characteristics in a living-lab setting. Materials and Methods: A literature search, screening, and appraisal process was implemented using the Web of Science, Pubmed, and Embase databases. The search query included a combination of terms related to “digital biomarkers,” “devices that collect digital biomarkers,” and “vulnerable and susceptible groups.” After the screening and appraisal process, a total of 37 relevant articles were obtained. Results: In elderly people, the main digital biomarkers measured were values related to physical activity. Most of the studies used sensors. The articles targeting children aimed to predict diseases, and most of them used devices that are simple and can induce some interest, such as wearable device-based smart toys. In those who were disabled, digital biomarkers that measured location-based movement for the purpose of diagnosing disabilities were widely used, and most were measured by easy-to-use devices that did not require detailed explanations. In the disadvantaged, digital biomarkers related to health promotion were measured, and various wearable devices, such as smart bands and headbands were used depending on the purpose and target. Conclusion As the digital biomarkers and devices that collect them vary depending on the characteristics of study subjects, researchers should pay attention not only to the purpose of the study but also the characteristics of study subjects when collecting and analyzing digital biomarkers from living labs.

PURPOSE: The characterization of all recognizable chromosomal rearrangements was dis- turbed by technical limitation of conventional cytogenetic methods. Recently, the strong usefullness of generation of chromosome specific painting probes in identification of marker chromosomes has proven. This study was intended to analyze the chromosomal aberrations in human ovarian cancer cell line, SNU-8, by G-banding and multiple paintings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human ovarian cancer cell line, SNU-8 was cultured and harvested for cytogenetic analysis. Routine karyotyping was performed. For complete analysis of chromosomal aberrations, human chromosome-specific painting probes were constructed from somatic hybrid cells. The origins of the unidentified marker chromosomes were analyzed by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with these painting probes. RESULTS: All chromosome alterations were confirmed by the use of multiple chromosome paintings, which also demonstrated a number of additional alterations. SNU-8 had the karyotype 62-69,XXX, + der(1;10)(q10;p10),der(3;18) (q10;p10)X2,-4,+ 5,+ 7,del(9)(q21)X2,-11,-13,-15,-16,der(17;19)(q10;q10) X2, + 20,-22[cp51]. CONCLUSION: The chromosomal aberrations of SNU-8 cell line was effectively analyzed by FISH with these painting probes, and the approach methods of this study can be applied to cytogenetic analysis of chromosomal aberrations in the other cancers.
Cell Line* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Chromosome Aberrations* ; Chromosome Painting* ; Cytogenetic Analysis ; Cytogenetics ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Karyotype ; Karyotyping ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Paint ; Paintings

BACKGROUND: Whether the changes of risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, alcohol) can precipitate stroke remains unknown, and antecedent infection and psychologic stress are described inss case-control study, 113 consecutive patients with acute cerebrovascular disease (38 small vessel disease, 43 large vessel disease, 11 cardiogenic infarction, 4 infarction of undetermined cause, and 17 intracerebral hemorrhage) and 23 control subjects were evaluated. Changes of the risk factors (and their management) were interviewed. A sign/symptom based questionnaire was used to characterize the prevalence of recent prior infection and exposure to coldness. Psychologic stress was measured with the use of Social Readjustment Rating Scale. RESULTS: The negative change of alcohol drinking was significantly higher in the stroke group. However, there was no significant difference between stroke and control groups in the changes of thether risk factors. The prevalence of previous (within 1 month) infection was significantly higher in the stroke group compared with control subjects (p=0.03). However, there were no significant differences among the stroke subtypes in the prevalence of infection(p=0.08). Upper respiratory tract infections constituted the most common type of infection. The exposure to coldness was significantly higher in the stroke group compared with control subjects (p=0.002). The level of stress within the prior 1 month/1 year was significantly higher in the stroke group than control group (p=0.01). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that preceding infection, exposure to coldness, psychologic stress, and the negative change of alcohol drinking may be comm.
Alcohol Drinking ; Case-Control Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Humans ; Infarction ; Moyamoya Disease* ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Stress, Psychological ; Stroke

Intracranial aneurysms larger than 25mm in diameter are considered giant aneurysms and these comprise about 5% of all intracranial aneurysms. The authors report a series of 9 cases of giant cerebral aneurysms(>2.5cm in diameter) during a 7-year-period found among 212 cases with saccular cerebral aneurysms. Of the 9 patients, four patients were treated by direct neck clipping, one by trapping, and the other one by sac excision after direct neck clipping. This report presents an analysis of 9 cases of giant cerebral aneurysms. The results are as following : 1) In a review of our cases of giant aneurysms, approximately 4.3% were of all intracranial aneurysms. 2) Male : Female ratio was 4 : 5. 3) The greatest incidence was in the 6th decade of life. 4) The most common site was in the internal carotid artery portion. 5) Our all cases were saccular aneurysms. 6) In our cases, nonthrombosed aneurysms were more common. 7) Presenting symptom of SAH was more common. 8) There was no relationship between blood pressure and aneurysm rupture in our cases. 9) We found our all cases of ICA portion giant aneurysms presented with focal symptoms. 10) The most commonly presented focal neurologic sign was visual failure.
Aneurysm ; Blood Pressure ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Male ; Neck ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Rupture

Heterotopic pregnancy, simultaneous intrauterine and extrauterine pregnancy, is an extremely rare case. The incidence of heterotopic pregnancy was about 1 to 30,000 pregnancies, but it has increased after wider use of assisted reproductive technology. The rising incidence presents a serious problem as the diagnosis of this potentially fatal condition is often missed. Careful pelvic examination combined with serial beta-hCG determinations, and transvaginal sonography to evaluate the adnexal region are necessary prerequisites for early diagnosis. We report a case of heterotopic pregnancy following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET) with a brief review of literature.
Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Embryo Transfer* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Fertilization in Vitro* ; Gynecological Examination ; Incidence ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Heterotopic* ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted

The 522 ocular injuries among the 23,249 out and in patients who visited to Dept. of Ophthalmology from 1 Jan., 1980 to 31 July, 1986 were clinically evaluated. 1. The incidence of ocular injuries was 2.2% of all patients. 2. The incidence was more common in male (82.8%) and in the age of second and third decade(57.9%). 3. The ocular injuries were brought regardless of the season. 4. Small iron particles were the most common causative agent and the majority of ocular injuries. 5. Perforating injury was the most common nature of ocular injuries. 6. Primary operations included the sutures of cornea or sclera(49.7%), repair of lid(28.7%), or enucleation or evisceration(7.4%), and secondary operations included most commonly cataract operations, and others. 7. The final visual acuity of 20.7% was 0.1 or less, and 57.1 % was 0.9 or more.
Cataract ; Cornea ; Humans ; Incidence ; Iron ; Male ; Ophthalmology ; Seasons ; Sutures ; Visual Acuity

Approximately 60% of all hemangiomas occur in the head and neck region, but hypopharyngeal hemangiomas are very rare. The diagnoses were classified depending on histopathologic findings into cavernous hemangioma, capillary hemangioma and mixed hemangioma. The treatments are sclero theraphy, surgical excision, vascular ligation, cryotheraphy, electrical cautery, ND Yag laser excision, and CO2 laser excision. We have experienced a case of hemangioma in the medial wall of the left pyriform sinus. In our case, we removed it "en bloc" without difficulty with the endoscopic CO2 laser. The histologic diagnosis was a cavernous hemangioma with no evidence of malignancy. One year after surgery, there was no evidence of residual tumors or recurrence. We report this case of cavernous hemangioma in the hypopharynx.
Cautery ; Diagnosis ; Head ; Hemangioma ; Hemangioma, Capillary ; Hemangioma, Cavernous* ; Hypopharynx ; Lasers, Gas ; Lasers, Solid-State ; Ligation ; Neck ; Neoplasm, Residual ; Pyriform Sinus* ; Recurrence

The diagnosis of internal jugular vein thrombosis (IJVT), a vascular disorder, can be easily overlooked. Disruption of blood flow through the internal jugular vein can take place in a variety of clinical settings. CT and ultrasonography are useful diagnostic tools. Recently, we experienced a case of IJVT after deep neck infection. This case showed sore throat, odynophagia and swelling of right submandibular area. CT scan revealed diffuse neck swelling and incomplete occlusion of the right internal jugular vein at the thyroid level. Treatment began with antibiotics and hydration. We present a case of IJVT after deep neck infection with literature review.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Diagnosis ; Jugular Veins* ; Neck* ; Pharyngitis ; Thrombosis* ; Thyroid Gland ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography

Olmesartan, a recently introduced angiotensin II receptor blocker for hypertension, has been reported to cause drug-induced small bowel enteropathy. The diagnosis of olmesartan-associated enteropathy (OAE) needs clinical suspicion and the exclusion of coeliac disease, as it mimics coeliac sprue. Once diagnosed, it can be completely cured with the discontinuation of olmesartan. However, due to the extremely low incidence of OAE in Korea, clinical suspicion and diagnosis may be a challenge. The authors report the first case of OAE presenting with chronic diarrhea and acute kidney injury in Korea.