No abstract available.
Humans

No abstract available.
Appendicitis* ; Child* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Cesarean Section* ; Female ; Pregnancy

Immunization is the most cost-effective method of preventing many infectious diseases. Recommendations for immunization practices are based on scientific knowledge of vaccine characteristics, the principles of immunization, the epidemiology of specific diseases, host characteristics, and expert opinion of public health officials and specialists in clinical and preventive medicine on vaccine benefit and safety issues. Therefore, recommendations for vaccination practices balance scientific evidence of benefits and risks of immunization programs. Many of the standards for child and adolescent vaccination programs that have been previously published are universal and are applicable to many countries where different public health concerns may exist. However, several updated changes are added to these standards to maximize the benefits from the vaccination services. This report will provide the most recent technical guidance about common vaccination concerns for clinicians who administer vaccines to infants, children, and adolescents.
Adolescent ; Child ; Collodion ; Communicable Diseases ; Expert Testimony ; Humans ; Immunization ; Immunization Programs ; Infant ; Preventive Medicine ; Public Health ; Risk Assessment ; Specialization ; Vaccination ; Vaccines

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Regardless of any restoration, most of case, we used in screw connection between abutment and implant. For this reason, implant screw loosening has been remained problem in restorative practices. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare surface of coated/plated screw with titanium and gold alloy screw and to evaluate physical property of coated/plated material after scratch test in FESEM investigation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: GoldTite, titanium screw provided by 3i (Implant Innovation, USA) and TorqTite, titanium screw by Steri-Oss (Nobel Biocare, USA) and gold screw, titanium screw by AVANA (Osstem Implant, korea) - were selected for this study. Each abutment screw surface was observed at 100 times, and then screw crest, root, and slope were done more detailed numerical value, at 1000 times with FESEM. A micro-diamond needle was also prepared for the scratch test. Each abutment screw was fixed, micro-diamond scratch the surface of head region was made at constant load and then was observed central region and periphery of fine trace through 1000 times with FESEM. RESULTS: The surface of GoldTite was smoother than that of other kinds of screw and had abundant ductility and malleability compared with titanium and gold screw. The scratch test also showed that teflon particles were exfoliated easily in screw coated with teflon. Titanium screw had a rough surface and low ductility. CONCLUSION: It was recommended that the clinical use of gold-plated screw would prevent a screw from loosening.
Alloys ; Head ; Needles ; Polytetrafluoroethylene ; Titanium

Human uniparental gestations such as androgenetic hydatidiform moles provide a model to evaluate the integrity of parent-specific gene expression,-i.e, genomic imprinting,- in the absence of a complementary parental genetic contribution. Several imprinted genes are characterized so far including the insulin-like growth factor-2 gene (IGF2) coding for a fetal growth factor and the Hl9 gene whose normal function is unknown but which is likely to act as an untranslated mRNA for its tumor-suppressing function. IGF2 is expressed exclusively from the paternal allele while Hl9 from the maternal allele. Such an alternate expression is quite interesting because both Hl9 and IGF2 genes are located close to each other on chromosome 11p15.5. An in situ hybridization analysis has shown strong expression of Hl9 and IGF2 alleles in nine hydatidiform moles. Especially, a prominent expression of Hl9 and IGF2 was detected in cytotrophoblast and the cellular localization was almost paralleled in Hl9 and IGF2 transcripts . Hl9 and IGF2 genes could be expressed either biallelically or monoallelically in the moles. However, IGF2 biallelic expression did not affect allele-specificity of Hl9 expression.. These results suggest that both H19 and IGF2 transcripts are expressed in the same cells and that the functional imprinting of H19 and IGF2 genes in hydatidiform moles can be controlled individually and independently of each other.
Alleles ; Chromosome Aberrations* ; Clinical Coding ; Female ; Fetal Development ; Genomic Imprinting* ; Humans* ; Hydatidiform Mole* ; In Situ Hybridization ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II* ; Parents ; Pregnancy ; RNA, Messenger ; Trophoblasts

BACKGROUND: Whether the changes of risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, alcohol) can precipitate stroke remains unknown, and antecedent infection and psychologic stress are described inss case-control study, 113 consecutive patients with acute cerebrovascular disease (38 small vessel disease, 43 large vessel disease, 11 cardiogenic infarction, 4 infarction of undetermined cause, and 17 intracerebral hemorrhage) and 23 control subjects were evaluated. Changes of the risk factors (and their management) were interviewed. A sign/symptom based questionnaire was used to characterize the prevalence of recent prior infection and exposure to coldness. Psychologic stress was measured with the use of Social Readjustment Rating Scale. RESULTS: The negative change of alcohol drinking was significantly higher in the stroke group. However, there was no significant difference between stroke and control groups in the changes of thether risk factors. The prevalence of previous (within 1 month) infection was significantly higher in the stroke group compared with control subjects (p=0.03). However, there were no significant differences among the stroke subtypes in the prevalence of infection(p=0.08). Upper respiratory tract infections constituted the most common type of infection. The exposure to coldness was significantly higher in the stroke group compared with control subjects (p=0.002). The level of stress within the prior 1 month/1 year was significantly higher in the stroke group than control group (p=0.01). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that preceding infection, exposure to coldness, psychologic stress, and the negative change of alcohol drinking may be comm.
Alcohol Drinking ; Case-Control Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Humans ; Infarction ; Moyamoya Disease* ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Stress, Psychological ; Stroke

We investigated the incidence of diagnosed diabetes in South Korean adults (aged ≥20 years) by analyzing data for the National Health Insurance Service–National Sample Cohort. From 2006 to 2015, the overall incidence rate of diagnosed diabetes decreased by approximately 0.1% per year until 2015. Although, this trend was observed in individuals aged 40 years or over, the rate increased slightly in the 20–29 and 30–39 years age groups, from 0.5 to 0.7 and 2.0 to 2.6 per 1,000 individuals, respectively. The proportion of obese young adults with diabetes increased remarkably, from 51.4% in 2006 to 72.4% in 2015. Thus, young adults need early identification and weight-control strategies to prevent diabetes.

BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown that people with diabetes are vulnerable to infection. This study compared the risk of infection-related hospitalizations, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and deaths between the person with diabetes and the generalpopulation in South Korea.METHODS: We conducted a cohort study of 66,426 diabetes and 132,852 age-sex-region-matched non-diabetes controls from the general population using a sample of data from the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort. The cohort was followed up for 9 years. Infections were classified into 17 separate categories. We used Poisson regression, with adjustment for household income and other comorbidities, to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) in order to compare of infection-related hospitalizations, ICU admissions, and deaths.RESULTS: Compared to non-diabetes controls, diabetes group had a greater risk of almost all the types of infections considered, with the adjusted IRRs (aIRRs) for infection-related hospitalizations being the highest for hepatic abscess (aIRR, 10.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.04 to 14.67), central nervous system (CNS) infections (aIRR, 8.72; 95% CI, 6.64 to 11.45), and skin and soft tissue infections other than cellulitis (SSTIs) (aIRR, 3.52; 95% CI, 3.20 to 3.88). Diabetes group also had a greater risk of ICU admission and death due to SSTIs (aIRR, 11.75; 95% CI, 7.32 to 18.86), CNS infections (aIRR, 5.25; 95% CI, 3.53 to 7.79), and bone and joint infections (aIRR, 4.78; 95% CI, 3.09 to 7.39).CONCLUSION: In South Korea, people with diabetes has a considerably higher incidence of infection-related hospitalizations and deaths than the general population.
Cellulitis ; Central Nervous System ; Cohort Studies ; Comorbidity ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Family Characteristics ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intensive Care Units ; Joints ; Korea ; Liver Abscess ; National Health Programs ; Skin ; Soft Tissue Infections

OBJECTIVE: The mortality rate of subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH) has been reduced recently due to refinement of microsurgical technique and improved perioperative management. Also, many survivors of SAH show excellent neurological recoveries. However, we found that a high proportion of the survivors do not fully regain their premorbid status in cognitive and memory function. Object of this study is to evaluate which factors might influence on cognitive and memory impairment in ruptured aneurysmal SAH patients. METHODS: In this prospective study, a series of 66 patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH) from 1996 to 1998, most of whom had a "good" or "fair" neurological outcome, were assessed with various tests of cognition and memory function. All patients underwent clipping operation by pterional approach. Right side approach was performed in 16 case and left 21 cases. K-WAIS(Korean-Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale) was used as method of cognition and memory function test. The time interval between SAH and assessment varied between 4 months and 8 months, averaging 6.2 months. Statistical analyses were carried out for each test score to see whether aneurysm site(A-com : non A-com), route of approach, age and sex, vasospasm, Hunt-Hess grade and Fisher CT group at admission, Glasgow Outcome Scale(GOS) at discharge affect cognitive and memory function. RESULTS: Aneurysm site was not shown to be associated with performance on any test, and the initial grade (Hunt-Hess grade, Fisher CT group) of SAH and vasospasm had only minimal predictive values. The grade at discharge(GOS) was proved to be the best predictor of impairment of cognition and memory function within 1 year after operation. CONCLUSION: The authors conclude that the diffuse effects of SAH are more important than focal neuropathology in relation to cognitive impairment in this group of patients.
Adult ; Aneurysm ; Aneurysm, Ruptured ; Cognition* ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Memory* ; Mortality ; Prospective Studies ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; Survivors