No abstract available.
Posterior Cruciate Ligament*

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a Korean version of the Thinking About Life Experiences (TALE-K) scale and to analyze the characteristics of autobiographical memory function (AMF) in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: To develop TALE-K, a translation and back-translation procedure followed by an understanding test was performed. Then, a survey was conducted to examine the associations of AMF with psychosocial variables using TALE-K, Index of Well-Being (IWB), Meaning in Life Scale for older adults, Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey, and Brief Resilience Scale. Results: Data from 75 community-dwelling older adults were used for the final analysis. The average scores of all three sub-scales of TALE-K were below 3 points (less frequent than occasionally). The correlation results showed that TALE-K total score was significantly associated with IWB and the Meaning in life scale for older adults. The multiple linear regression results present-ed that higher AMF was significantly associated with higher IWB, along with having siblings, higher meaning in life and resilience,and lower loneliness. Conclusion Including a validation study of TALE-K, studies for understanding the characteristics of AMF in older adults using TALE-K are needed.

INTRODUCTION: Although it is well known that medical students are not getting an adequate amount of sleep, there have been only a few studies on the sleep patterns of medical students and the related factors. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the medical students' sleep patterns and the related factors. METHODS: A questionnaire package was administered to the 1st to 4th year medical students at one medical school. It consisted of questions asking about their lifestyles as well as Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), global assessment of recent stress scale (GASS), the center for epidemiologic studies-depression scale (CES-D), and Moudsley obsessive-compulsive inventory (MOCI). A total of 352 students (206 males and 146 females) responded to the survey and the result was analyzed using the independent t-test, the chi-square test, the paired t-test, Pearson's correlation and ANOVA. p-values of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant in analyses. RESULTS: The weekend bedtime was significantly delayed (0 : 49 on weekday ; 1 : 34 on weekend ; t=-5.23, p<0.001), the weekend rise time was delayed (6 : 58 on weekday ; 9 : 30 on weekend ; t=-24.48, p<0.001) and the total sleep time was increased on weekends (5 : 36 on weekday ; 7 : 39 on weekend ; t=15.94, p<0.001). The PSQI score of all subjects was 6.43+/-2.64. PSQI was positively correlated with ESS (r=0.383, p<0.001), GASS (r=0.326, p<0.001), CES-D (r=0.393, p<0.001), and MOCI (r=0.247, p<0.001), but not with GPA (r=0.072, p=0.228. The more senior students had lower PSQI, GASS, CES-D, and MOCI score (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Medical students were experiencing a lack of sleep during weekdays as they have a later bedtime and earlier rise time, and consequently had more hours of sleep on weekends. Overall, the medical students were experiencing poor sleep quality and sleep deprivation. Poor sleep quality is associated with psychological problems (daytime sleepiness, stress, depression, and obsessive tendency).
Depression ; Humans ; Life Style ; Male ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Schools, Medical ; Sleep Deprivation ; Students, Medical*

PURPOSE: To investigate the etiologic factors related to refractures of the upper extremity in children MATERIALS AND METHODS: 18 refractures of the upper extremity were divided into three groups according to the location of initial fractures: Supracondyle fractures of the humerus, lateral condyle fracture of the humerus, and the forearm bone fractures. They were analyzed in terms of the type of refractures (early refracture occurring at the immature callus and late refracture occurring at the remodeled bone), fracture patterns, and the existence of underlying deformity. RESULTS: Nine supracondyle fractures had refractures at the supracondyle (2 cases) and the lateral condyle (7 cases), in which underlying cubitus varus were present in 6 cases. Three lateral condyle fractures had refractures at the supracondyle (1 case) and the lateral condyle (2 cases), in which one case had underlying cubitus varus. All but one case in the group of humerus fractures were late refractures and treated operatively except one. Of 6 refractures of forearm, 5 were early refractures and occurred within 9 weeks at the original site: 4 at the diaphysis of both bones of forearm and 1 at the diaphysis of ulna. All cases in the group of forearm fractures had volar angulation before the refracture, and treated conservatively except one CONCLUSION: In the humerus, underlying cubitus varus was the most important predisposing factor to refractures and the lateral condyle fractures were common. In the forearm, volar angulation of the diaphysis were related to refractures, and complete and circular consolidation of the primary fracture of forearm was thought to be important to prevent refracture.
Bony Callus ; Causality ; Child* ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Diaphyses ; Forearm ; Fractures, Bone ; Humans ; Humerus ; Ulna ; Upper Extremity*

Two patients, sought treatment for chief complaints of protruding frontal tooth and desired treatment to reduce the prominence of lips, were diagnosed as bimaxillary protrusion via clinical and cephalometric analysis. The authors corrected them by combined surgical and orthodontic treatment. As pre-surgical survey, paper and cast surgery were performed and wafer and resin sprint were constructed. We performed anterior maxillary and mandibular osteotomies in first premolar site to retract the maxillary and mandibular dentoalveolar segment in order to; 1) Decrease prominence of upper and lower lips. 2) Create proper lower incisor intrusion. By use of intramaxillary fixation, prompt oral intake was possible. We made good result of esthetic improvement and there was no evidence of relapse and any complication.
Adult* ; Bicuspid ; Humans ; Incisor ; Lip ; Mandibular Osteotomy ; Recurrence ; Tooth

Cauda equina syndrome(CES) and disc rupture have been implicated as a potential complication of spinal manipulation. A review of the literature from 1911 to 1996 received 61 reported cases of cauda equina syndrome or disc rupture in patients undergoing manipulation. This article presents four new cases, where a temporal association was found between the onset of cauda equina symptoms or disc rupture and lumbar manipulation. The type of manipulation administered and the relationship between the treatment and symptoms is reviewed. Our patients symptoms suggest that acute herniation was caused, or at least precipitated by spinal manipulation. In each of these cases the chiropractitioner failed to comprehend the nature of the problem and take appropriate action. As a consequence, the patient went untreated for several days. Many chiropractic therapists assumed the incidence of CES caused by manipulation to be approximately one in many millions of treatments. However, we assumed that CES or disc rupture is far more common than the literature would reflect. It is therefore essential that persons practicing or prescribing manipulation would be aware of these complications.
Cauda Equina ; Chiropractic ; Humans ; Incidence ; Manipulation, Spinal ; Polyradiculopathy ; Rupture ; Spine*

In order to develop questionnaire estimating vinyl chloride monomer(VCM) exposure levels, to reset selection criteria for detailed tests, to measure current VCM exposure levels, to evaluate the mutagenic effects of VCM exposures and to develop multiphasic screening method of PVC- or VCM-handling workers, VCM concentrations of work environments were measured and tentative self-administrative questionnaire, physical examination, sister chromatid exchange(SCE) test and some clinical chemical test were applied to 195 men who had been handling VCM or PVC(Exposed Group) and 37, in the same factories without exposure to VCM or in polyethylene- or polypropylene-related factories(Control Group). Mean VCM concentrations of work environments were 0.268+/-0.183 ppm under PVC synthesis processes, 0.160+/-0.200 ppm under VCM synthesis process, 0.076+/-0.111 ppm under PVC pipe producing processes, 0.090+/-0.108 ppm under PVC wall paper, sheet, or film producing processes, 0.071+/-0.051 ppm under PVC floor producing processes, 0.243+/-0.250 ppm under PVC sash producing processes, and 0.020+/-0.031 ppm under triming process. VCM levels of work environments under manual resin mixing processes (0.209+/-0.168 ppm)were higher than those of the others (0.209+/-0.168 ppm) (p-value<0.05). There was no VCM-related symptoms, the positive response rates of which were higher in the Exposed Group. Overall abnormal rate in clinical chemistry test of the Exposed Group was higher than that of the Control Group, but due to extermely low exposure level of exposure group and to small sample size of the Control Group, no statistical significance was found(p-value>0.05). SCE frequencies of the Exposed Group were significantly higher than those of Contorl Group(p-value<0.05) and those of test-abnormal persons were higher than those of test-normal persons. SCE frequencies linearly increased with not only current but also cumulative VCM exposure levels(p-value<0.05). These results suggest that adverse health effect may ensue from VCM exposure to as low as 1 ppm. But SCE frequencies had no statistically significant correlation with drinking amounts, smoking amoutns, or radiation dose equivalents. Questionnaire was revised by referring to these results and formula estimating cumulative VCM exposure levels based on occupational history in questionnaire were made. In addition, were presented methods evaluating work environments and multiphasic screening test for PVC workers.
Chromatids ; Clinical Chemistry Tests ; Drinking ; Humans ; Male ; Multiphasic Screening* ; Patient Selection ; Physical Examination ; Polyvinyl Chloride* ; Polyvinyls* ; Questionnaires ; Sample Size ; Siblings ; Sister Chromatid Exchange ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Vinyl Chloride*

PURPOSE: To find out the consequences of the surgical treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation, using modified Phemister technique with Mersilene tape augmentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We chose 26 patients who were able to follow up 1 year or more among the patients who were diagnosed as acromioclavicular joint dislocation in our hospital through February 2001 to March 2003 and took modified Phemister surgery with Mersilene tape augmentation. Patients with clavicle fracture were excluded. Evaluation of the surgical results was done with the condition or pain, function, range of motion by using Imatani evaluation system, and preoperative, postoperative and last follow up radiographs. RESULTS: Most of the cases showed satisfactory result. Clinical evaluations were 16 excellent (62%), 10 good (38%), radiological evaluations were 14 excellent (54%), 10 good (38%), 2 fair (8%), and no poor group. On the final follow up six cases showed vertical translation, but none had clinical symptoms. Seven cases showed a little inflammation at where pin were inserted, but after the removal of the pin, the inflammation was gone. CONCLUSION: The modified Phemister surgery for acromioclavicle dislocation is simple, but we can obtain strong fixation, and there is no burden of the removal of the metal plate, or complication of re- dislocation after the removal of the pin, so it is thought as a very effective surgery.
Acromioclavicular Joint* ; Clavicle ; Dislocations* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Range of Motion, Articular

Spinal subdural hematoma (SDH) is rarely reported, and their simultaneous occurrence with intracranial SDH is even more rare. A 67-year-old male patient with a history of posterolateral fusion to treat an L2 burst fracture came to our outpatient clinic due to an inability to walk by himself over the previous 3 weeks. A neurological examination revealed that the patient was alert with occasional confusion and slight motor weakness in the lower extremities. Brain and lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was then performed. A brain MRI revealed a large subacute SDH along the right cerebral convexity and falx cerebri with midline shifting, and a spine MRI revealed a right side-predominant subacute SDH extending from L4 to S1. For treatment, burr hole trephination of the intracranial SDH and fluoroscopy-guided lumbar puncture of the spinal SDH were performed and resulted in a favorable outcome. This is a report of a rare case of spontaneous intracranial and lumbar spine SDH. We include a review of the current literature and a discussion of the pathogenesis of this condition in this report.
Aged ; Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Brain ; Hematoma, Subdural ; Hematoma, Subdural, Spinal ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Neurologic Examination ; Spinal Cord ; Spinal Puncture ; Spine ; Trephining

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of medication management as a method of early intervention in dementia. Methods: This study used data of survey and Mini-Mental State Examination for Dementia Screening score of 46 dementia patients given medication management. Participants were separated into three groups based on the duration of medication management. Then we compared the change in cognitive ability and the frequency of community service usage. Results: The decline of Mini-Mental State Examination score that each group reported was -0.93±2.69, -1.38±1.71, and -1.00± 3.52 and there was no significant difference. In terms of the community service, after being given the medication management, the usage of community service increased. Conclusion Continuous medication management might relieved the decrease of cognitive ability and encourage dementia patients to participate in community service.