Primary ductal adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland is a neoplasm morphologically similar to ductal carcinoma of the salivary gland and breast. The tumor is very rare and has not been previously reported in Korea. We report a primary ductal adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland in a 75-year-old man. Computerized tomography showed a 1.5 cm-sized poorly demarcated nodule in the left upper eyelid. Microscopically, the tumor showed features similar to those of intraductal and invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, including comedonecrosis. Therefore, ductal carcinoma rather than ductal adenocarcinoma appears to be a more appropriate term for these tumors.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Aged ; Breast ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Eyelids ; Humans ; Korea ; Lacrimal Apparatus* ; Salivary Glands

No abstract available.
Solitary Fibrous Tumors* ; Thoracic Cavity*

A well-differentiated extraskeletal osteosarcoma is very rare, and only seven cases have been reported in the English language clinical literature. We report an additional case of this rare tumor. A 71-year-old man had noticed a mass in the left pubic area for ten years. A CT scan demonstrated the presence of a lobulated calcified mass within the soft tissue. A 5 cm-sized well-circumscribed mass was excised. Histologically the tumor was composed of mature collagenous tissue and bony trabeculae rimmed by osteoblasts. After 43 months, the tumor recurred at the same site and was re-excised. The re-excised tumor contained focal areas of higher cellularity and atypism. We believe that this is the first case of well-differentiated extraskeletal osteosarcoma reported in Korea.
Male ; Humans

No abstract available.
Buttocks* ; Humans

PURPOSE: To introduce the history and principle mechanism of electrochemical treatment (EChT) with animal study and report two cases successfully treated breast cancer and hemangioma by EChT. METHODS: In animal study, the breast cancer tumor in nude mouse treated with EChT (100 Coulomb/cm3) were reviewed for histologic changes. In the case studies, we reported method of EChT and clinical results after EChT. Case 1: 74 yr old female with locally advanced breast cancer received 3 times EChT with 1,000 Coulomb/time, 8 Volt. Case 2: 51 yr old female with breast hemagioma received one time EChT with 80 Coulomb, 8 Volt. RESULTS: In animal study, There were destructive change including vaculated cell fragment and extensive coagulative necrosis. Case 1 showed no local recurrence during 18 monthes after EChT. Case 2 also showed no evidence of recurrence of hemangioma. CONCLUSION: The EChT is easy to use. It is effective, safe, less traumatic and makes patients recover quickly. This is a new and effective method to treat patients with tumours that are inoperable and can not receive chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
Animals ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Hemangioma ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Necrosis ; Radiotherapy ; Recurrence

PURPOSE: The relatively low incidence of breast cancer in Asian countries with cultures which traditionally eat a large amount of soy is worth noticing in research fields. Genistein is a isoflavone phytoestrogen found in soy and its consumption may have a role in cancer etiology. We have established a hypothesis that a diet high in soy consumption is related to a low incidence of breast cancer. Fatty acid synthase (FAS) is a multi-protein enzyme responsible for de novo biosynthesis of fatty acids. Recent studies have demonstrated that high levels of FAS occurs in a subset of human cancers, such as breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and prostate cancer. High level of FAS are associated with a poor prognosis. Sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) are a family of transcription factors that regulate genes involved in lipid metabolism, including FAS. Recent studies show that expression of SREBP1c is correlates with FAS expression. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of genistein on the expression of FAS in breast cancer cells. METHODS: We performed immunofluorescent staining to examine the expression of FAS under different concentration of genistein. RT-PCR was also performed to investigate the mRNA expression of FAS and SREBP1c in different conditioned breast cancer cells treated with different concentration of FAS inhibitor and genistein. RESULTS: By immunofluorescent staining, the FAS expression after treatment with the FAS inhibitor, C75, decreased at a micron10 M concentration. However the expression of FAS decreased at all concentrations of genistein (0.5, 1, 5, 10 micronM). The mRNA levels of FAS and SREBP1c after treatment with C75 decreased constantly according to time and concentration. However the effect was noted only after 12 hr. The mRNA level of FAS and SREBP1c following treatment with genistein decreased at only a 10 micronM concentration (p<0.005). CONCLUSION: Genistein may down regulate FAS expression in breast cancer cells through modulation of SREBP-1c. This finding may account for the relatively low incidence of breast cancer in Asians who consume a large amount of soy in their diet.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Diet ; Fatty Acids ; Genistein* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lipid Metabolism ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Phytoestrogens ; Prognosis ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; RNA, Messenger ; Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 ; Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins ; Transcription Factors

PURPOSE: Of the many carcinogenic mechanisms, DNA methylation is a strong factor in various cancers, including cancer of the breast. The genes related to breast cancer include 14.3.3 sigma, Cyclin D2, RARbeta, Twist, Ras association domain family 1A gene (BASSF1A), HIN-1, p16, and Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC). Of these, hypermethylation of the APC and RASSF1A genes is, found in breast cancer patients, and especially in those with a poor prognosis. This study investigated whether hypermethylation of the APC and RASSF1A genes is related with breast cancer metastasis. METHODS: Of the 110 patients who received surgical operation at our hospital's department of surgery from January 2001 to December 2003, 16 patients with metastatic lesion found during the follow-up period were selected. Seventeen patients without metastasis selected as the tissue group after considering their age, cancer stage, and physical state. Forty seven patients were selected as the serum group, including 6 patients with metastasis, and they were evaluated for metastasis and methylation. Serum and tissue were collected and after being processed by the methylation specific PCR (MSP), and the methylation of the APC and RASSF1A genes was observed. RESULTS: In the tissue study group, the APC gene methylation ratio of the patients whose stages are between the stage 2 and 3 was 50:94%, and that of RASSF1A gene methylation was 68.7:65% respectively. Methylation rates of both genes was found in 42.9% of the stage 2 recurrent patients (non-recurrent patients: 22%) and in 77.8% (non-recurrent patients: 50%) in stage 3 recurrent patients. In the serum study group, a statistical correlation was shown (p=0.013) between methylation of RASSF1A and recurrence, where 5 of the 16 patients with methylation showed recurrences and only 1 patient of the 31 nonmethylated patients showed recurrence. CONCLUSION: We determined the correlation between APC and RASSF1A methylation and recurrence of breast cancer. Further studies with large sample populations and more advanced method are needed to confirm our findings.
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli* ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Cyclin D2 ; DNA Methylation ; Follow-Up Studies ; Genes, APC ; Humans ; Methylation* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prognosis ; Recurrence

BACKGROUND: Pathologists occasionally have difficulty in distinguishing cholangiocarcinoma from benign reactive cells on the biliary cytology. We estimated the diagnostic value of insulinlike growth factor II mRNA binding protein 3 (IMP3) on biliary cytology specimens. METHODS: We selected 40 patients who had undergone a biliary cytology examination and whose diagnoses were confirmed by biopsy. The IMP3 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining in both the tissue and the cytology specimens. Their histologic diagnoses were cholangiocarcinoma (n = 34), high grade dysplasia (n = 2), low grade dysplasia (n = 1) and non-biliary tumor or no tumor (n = 3). RESULTS: On the histology, all the cases of cholangiocarcinoma or high grade dysplasia were positive for IMP3 (36/36). The low grade dysplasia or the normal bile ducts in the other 4 cases were negative for IMP3 (0/4). Of the 36 cases diagnosed as cholangiocarcinoma or high grade dysplasia histologically, 29 cases were positive for IMP3 on the cytology (29/36; sensitivity, 80.6%). Of the 4 cases without cholangiocarcinoma or high grade dysplasia, 1 case was weakly positive for IMP3 on the cytology. The histologic diagnosis of this case was hepatocellular carcinoma. Except for this hepatocellular carcinoma case, the specificity of IMP3 on the cytology was 100%. CONCLUSIONS: IMP3 is a useful diagnostic marker for cholangiocarcinoma on cytology.
Bile Ducts ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Carrier Proteins ; Cholangiocarcinoma ; Humans ; Prothrombin ; RNA, Messenger ; RNA-Binding Proteins ; Sensitivity and Specificity

The giant cell tumor of the salivary gland is very rare, and 20 cases have been reported in the English-language literature. We report an additional case. A 57-year old man had noticed a mass in the right parotid area for several weeks. The diagnosis using aspiration cytology was a giant cell tumor possibly with a carcinomatous component. Superficial parotidectomy was carried out. The resected parotid gland contained a 1.8 cm-sized well-circumscribed brownish tumor. Histologically the tumor consisted of evenly distributed osteoclast-like giant cells, mononuclear cells and two small foci of a carcinomatous component. The osteoclast-like giant cells and mononuclear cells were positive for vimentin and CD68, and the carcinomatous component was positive for cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen. There was no metastatic lesion in the cervical lymph nodes. We believe this is the first case in Korea of an osteoclast-like giant cell tumor of the parotid gland.
Male ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis

The giant cell tumor of the salivary gland is very rare, and 20 cases have been reported in the English-language literature. We report an additional case. A 57-year old man had noticed a mass in the right parotid area for several weeks. The diagnosis using aspiration cytology was a giant cell tumor possibly with a carcinomatous component. Superficial parotidectomy was carried out. The resected parotid gland contained a 1.8 cm-sized well-circumscribed brownish tumor. Histologically the tumor consisted of evenly distributed osteoclast-like giant cells, mononuclear cells and two small foci of a carcinomatous component. The osteoclast-like giant cells and mononuclear cells were positive for vimentin and CD68, and the carcinomatous component was positive for cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen. There was no metastatic lesion in the cervical lymph nodes. We believe this is the first case in Korea of an osteoclast-like giant cell tumor of the parotid gland.
Male ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis