Clinicopathological features were evaluated retrospectively for 17 ureters in 13 patients with primary obstructed megaureter. The mean age of patients was 8 years. Nine patients had unilateral and 4 had bilateral entity Clinical presentations included febrile UTI and flank pain in 5 patients respectively, and prenatally detected hydroureteronephrosis, abdominal mass and hematuria in each patient. Associated abnormalities of upper urinary system were found in 4 patients: UPJ obstruction with hypoplastic kidney, contralateral renal agenesis, contralateral hypoplastic kidney, and contralateral multicystic dysplastic kidney. Excision of obstructed segment and reimplantation with or without tapering was performed in 16 ureters. Also, correction of UPJ obstruction and nephrectomy for MCDK were needed. Thirteen ureters in 10 patients showed structural urographic improvement, but 3 ureters in 2 patients were not changed at mean follow up of 25 months. Reflux was seen postoperatively in 1 patient, which resulted in repeated reimplantation. Histopathologic examination of resected distal narrowed ureters showed ureteral muscular dysplasia, dense collagen infiltration and circular muscular hypertrophy in all specimens. These changes were seen not only in distal ureteral segment but also in upper dilated segment, and seemed to be more severe in patients who had associated upper tract problems. Primary obstructed megaureter showed various clinicopathological features and was frequently associated with ipsilateral or contralateral upper tract anomalies. Early meticulous imaging and surgical correction will lead to excellent result.
Collagen ; Flank Pain ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Kidney ; Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney ; Nephrectomy ; Replantation ; Retrospective Studies ; Ureter*

Botulinum toxin (BTX) has various therapeutic indications: bruxism, square jaw, facial wrinkle, oral ulcer and maxillofacial pain, etc. In this paper, we will discuss the effectiveness of using BTX in dental implant surgery and orthognathic and orthodontic treatment. We summarized the clinical application of botulinum toxin in the maxillofacial field at the finale.

Botulinum toxin (BTX) is used in various ways such as temporarily resolving muscular problems in musculoskeletal temporomandibular disorders, inducing a decrease in bruxism through a change in muscular patterns in a patient's bruxism, and solving problems in patients with tension headache. And also, BTX is widely used in cosmetic applications for the treatment of facial wrinkles after local injection, but conditions such as temporomandibular joint disorders, headache, and neuropathic facial pain could be treated with this drug. In this report, we will discuss the clinical use of BTX for facial wrinkle, intraoral ulcer, and cranio-maxillofacial pain with previous studies and share our case.

The application of botulinum in oral and maxillofacial surgery begins in 1982, where Jan Carruthers started using it for reducing the muscle mass and smoothing the skin, and since then it has been used for cosmetic purposes. In Korea, it is already being used by various specialties including dentistry (oral and maxillofacial surgery, oral medicine), plastic surgery, dermatology, ophthalmology, general surgery, and orthopedic surgery, etc. Each specialty approaches to Botox with its own medical indications. In this article, we will discuss the maxillofacial application of botulinum toxin, which includes theoretical and practical aspects of such as bruxism and square jaw.

Neoplasm of the fallopian tube, which account for only a small minority of female genital tract tumors, may have diagnostic difficulties both clinically and pathologically. In most cases, the diagnosis of tubal carcinoma is not suspected preoperatively, and an abnormality of the tube is first appreciated by the gynecologist at the time of operation or by the pathologist on gross or microscopic examination. The predominant cell type of the fallopian tubal carcinoma is known for adenomatous cell type of carcinoma. A case of pure primary squamous cell carcinoma of the Fallopian tube presenting is reported first in Korea.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Diagnosis ; Fallopian Tubes ; Female ; Humans ; Korea

Carotid Arteries ; Deglutition Disorders ; Earache ; Foreign Bodies ; Humans ; Ligaments ; Orientation ; Ossification, Heterotopic ; Palatine Tonsil ; Palpation ; Pharynx ; Physical Examination ; Sensation ; Stroke ; Temporal Bone ; Tinnitus

OBJECTIVES: The concept of natural head position (NHP) was first introduced by Broca in 1862, and was described as a person's stable physiologic position “when a man is standing and his visual axis is horizontal.” NHP has been used routinely for clinical examination; however, a patient's head position is random during cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) acquisition. To solve this problem, we developed an accelerometer to record patients' NHP and reproduce them for CBCT images. In this study, we also tested the accuracy and reproducibility of our accelerometer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 15 subjects participated in this study. We invented an accelerometer that measured acceleration on three axes and that could record roll and pitch calculations. Recorded roll and pitch data for each NHP were applied to a reoriented virtual image using three-dimensional (3D) imaging software. The data between the 3D models and the clinical photos were statistically analyzed side by side. Paired t-tests were used to statistically analyze the measurements. RESULTS: The average difference in the angles between the clinical photograph and the 3D model was 0.04° for roll and 0.29° for pitch. The paired ttests for the roll data (P=0.781) and the pitch data (P=0.169) showed no significant difference between the clinical photographs and the 3D model (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: By overcoming the limitations of previous NHP-recording techniques, our new method can accurately record patient NHP in a time-efficient manner. Our method can also accurately transfer the NHP to a 3D virtual model.
Acceleration ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Diagnostic Techniques, Surgical ; Head* ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Methods

Direct carotid cavernous fistula (CCF), which is an abnormal communication between the intracavernous carotid artery and the cavernous sinus, is a very rare condition that is generally associated with head trauma, intracavernous aneurysms, and certain connective-tissue diseases. The case of a patient with an infarction in the anterior choroidal artery territory is described herein. Cerebral angiography was performed during consecutive workups to investigate the discrepancy between the magnetic resonance angiography data. An unexpected direct CCF of the ipsilateral side of the infarction was found. It is possible that the CCF had influenced the development of the infarction in the anterior choroidal artery territory.
Aneurysm ; Arteries ; Carotid Arteries ; Cavernous Sinus ; Caves ; Cerebral Angiography ; Cerebral Infarction ; Choroid ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Fistula ; Humans ; Infarction ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography

Direct carotid cavernous fistula (CCF), which is an abnormal communication between the intracavernous carotid artery and the cavernous sinus, is a very rare condition that is generally associated with head trauma, intracavernous aneurysms, and certain connective-tissue diseases. The case of a patient with an infarction in the anterior choroidal artery territory is described herein. Cerebral angiography was performed during consecutive workups to investigate the discrepancy between the magnetic resonance angiography data. An unexpected direct CCF of the ipsilateral side of the infarction was found. It is possible that the CCF had influenced the development of the infarction in the anterior choroidal artery territory.
Aneurysm ; Arteries ; Carotid Arteries ; Cavernous Sinus ; Caves ; Cerebral Angiography ; Cerebral Infarction ; Choroid ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Fistula ; Humans ; Infarction ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography

Pseudomembranous colitis can be induced by the therapeutic or prophylactic use of antibiotics, and antibiotics- induced colitis has become a severe clinical problem. Protein?loosing enteropathy is associated with an abnormal, excessive loss of serum proteins into the gastrointestinal tract, and this leads to hypoproteinemia, including hypoalbuminemia, edema and diarrhea. We present here a case of protein?loosing enteropathy that was induced by pseudomembranous colitis, and this was induced by the use of antibiotics. Patients with chronic renal disease and peritonitis show hypoalbuminemia and edema. We experienced a patient who displayed edema, hypoalbuminemia, diarrhea and a fever for several days after the use for antibiotics for treating his peritonitis. We made the diagnosis of protein-loosing enteropathy complicated by psuedomembranous colitis. In a patient with peritonitis, uncontrolled edema and diarrhea, and the patient's hypoalbuminemia is continued, we must consider the possibility that the patient has protein-loosing enteropathy, and we should examine the total protein level and the alpha 1-antitrypsin clearance.
alpha 1-Antitrypsin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Blood Proteins ; Colitis ; Diarrhea ; Edema ; Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous ; Fever ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Hypoalbuminemia ; Hypoproteinemia ; Peritonitis ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic