Bone grafts are used in the repair of segmental bone loss caused by severe trauma, bone tumors and infection, and to enhance bone healing in ununited fractures. Autograft is the most frequently used and the most effective method, but because of inadquate supply and additional operative morbidity, allograft or heterograft could be used. Heterograft has been shown to be poorly tolerated by the host and ineffective in providing an osteogenic system. The objective of this study is to observe healing process of a segmental defect of long bone following to heterograft, and to compare the difference of histologic process between autograft and hetero graft. Twenty-four white rabbits weighing 1,000 to 2,000 grams were used for the experiment. A segment measuring three times the diameter of the ulna shaft (1.5 to 2cm) of rabbit was resected with its periosteum. Twenty-four white rabbit were divided into three groups (control, autograft, heterograft group) according to graft methods, each group comprising of eight rabbits. The animals were sacrificed at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after the experimental procedures and were periodically evaluated by radiographs and histology. The obtained results were as follows: 1. The results of the radiological evaluation showed that no ungrafted ulnar defects (control group) healed. In the heterograft group, partial union was observed from 8 weeks and complete union was obtained on 12 weeks. In the autograft group, partial union was observed on 2 weeks and complete union was obtained on 4 weeks. 2. The results from histological examination showed that the ungrafted ulnae did not heal across the defect but some immature trabeculae were founded on the edges of the defect. In the heterograft group, immature trabeculae were appeared from 4 weeks and defects were substituted with mature trabeculae on 12 weeks. In autograft group, defects were substituted with immature trabeculae on 2 weeks and with mature trabeculae on 4 weeks. As seen in the results of the experiment, union could be obtained with the heterograft, but needed more long time than autograft. Though the autograft is the most effective graft method in bone defect or non-union, above results suggest the heterograft as the alternative method in the treatment of large bone defect, in a multioperated patient, or in the children or the elderly, combined with autograft or alone.
Aged ; Allografts ; Animals ; Autografts ; Child ; Fractures, Ununited ; Heterografts* ; Humans ; Periosteum ; Rabbits* ; Transplants ; Ulna

No abstract available.
Lung*

BACKGROUND: Pregnancy in human and rodents is associated with dramatic matemal metabolic changes. Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are mitogenic peptides that are essential for fetal and maternal tissue growth during pregnancy. They circulate complexed primarily with a serum IGF-binding protein (IGFBP-3) which regulates the availability of the IGFs to their specific target tissues. METHODS: To examine the changes of IGFs and IGFB-3 during pregnancy, we measured serum total IGF-I, free IGF-I, IGF-II and IGFBP-3 by using specific radioimmunoassay, immunoradio-metric assay, western ligand blot and western immunoblot. Blood samples were obtained from 88 pregnant women between 6-40 weeks gestation. RESULTS: While serum IGF-I levels increased up to 50% in late pregnancy, serum IGF-II levels remained unchanged. However, serum free IGF-I levels were significantly higher during pregnancy than in nonpregnancy. Western ligand blot analysis revealed that IGFBP-3 in pregnancy serum was significantly decreased at 6 weeks of gestation, continued decreased level until term, and returned to a nonpregnant level by postpartum 10 day. Serum IGFBP-3 profiles in Western immunoblot analysis revealed that 30 kDa fragments of IGFBP-3 were detectable in pregnancy serum but not in nonpregnancy serum. In contrast, serum IGFBP-3 levels using radioimmunoassay was significantly increased in late pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: 1) serum IGF-I was significantly elevated in late pregnancy 2) serum IGF-II was not significantly changed 3) free IGF-I significantly elevated throughout gestation 4) intact IGFBP-3 was markedly reduced after 6 weeks of gestation.
Blotting, Western ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II ; Peptides ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnant Women ; Radioimmunoassay ; Rodentia ; Somatomedins

No abstract available.
Child* ; Hematuria* ; Humans ; Jeollabuk-do* ; Prevalence*

Hemorrhagic cystitis is potentially life-threatening sequellae of chemotherapy using oxazaphosphorine alkylating agents (cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide). Mesna contains a sulfhydryl group that is believed to bind acrolein within the urinary collecting system and reduce the hemorrhagic cystitis without affecting the chemotherapeutic potential. To date, about thirty cases of hypersensitivity or allergic reactions of the delayed and urticarial type associated with mesna have been reported. We reported two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus who developed facial rash and flushing associated with mesna which imitate malar rash.
Acrolein ; Alkylating Agents ; Cyclophosphamide ; Cystitis ; Drug Therapy ; Exanthema* ; Flushing ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity* ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; Mesna*

OBJECTIVE: This study is aimed to investigate clinical time course in the diagnosis of SLE,clinical features at disease onset,and their effects on organ damage and disease activity METHODS: We evaluated 244 patients in the Korean Hanyang Lupus Cohort by medical record review and direct interview:the time at disease onset,clinical diagnosis,and diagnosis meeting ACR criteria for SLE (ACR diagnosis),clinical features at onset,SLICC/ACR damage index,SLAM-R,education,and income. The risk factors of delayed diagnosis and their effect on damage and activity were examined with uni and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: Mean age and disease duration were 33.9 (+/- 11.9)and 6.2 (+/- 4 .4 )years. The mean time from onset to clinical diagnosis and ACR diagnosis were 2.4 (+/- 3.6)and 2.7 (+/- 3.3)years.The clinical features at disease onset were as follows;arthritis (46.3%),skin rash (13.7%),fever (7.4%),hematologic disorder (7.4%),nephritis (5.7%),Raynaud phenomenon (3.7%),neuropsychiatric syndrome (2.4%).Diagnosis was delayed when oral ulcer,photosensitivity,and arthritis were presented as 1st clinical features compared to when nephritis, malar rash,and fever as 1st clinical features.Delayed diagnosis (based on median time in clinical diagnosis)was not associated with damage,disease activity,education,and income. CONCLUSIONS: SLE was diagnosed late over 2 years after first symptoms onset and the time interval from clinical symptoms to ACR diagnosis is about 4 months;the delayed diagnosis and the prognosis in terms of damage and activity might depend on 1st clinical features.
Arthritis ; Cohort Studies ; Delayed Diagnosis ; Diagnosis ; Exanthema ; Fever ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Multivariate Analysis ; Nephritis ; Prognosis* ; Risk Factors

No abstract available.
Acromegaly* ; Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic*

The effects of NMDA-receptor antagonist (MK-801) were assessed for the oxygen free radical mediated brain (hippocampus) injury with eighty rats which were exposed to carbon monoxide (CO) followed by hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were used as parameters of the oxygen free radical reaction. Experimental groups consisted of (1) control group (=breathing with air), (2) CO group (=exposed to CO after air breath), (3) CO-air group(exposed to CO after air breath followed by air breath), and (4) CO-HBO group (=exposed to CO after air breath followed by 3 ATA HBO). Each group was divided two subgroup according to the pretreatment (normal saline or MK-801). CO, CO-air and HBO groups increased in SOD activity as compared with control group. And CO-air and HBO groups increased in MDA as compared with control and CO group. Pretreatment of MK-801 decreased SOD activities significantly (p-value<.05) , but MDA amount not significantly (p-value=.107). These results suggest a useful protective effect of NMDA-receptor antagonist (MK-801) in CO induced hippocampal injury mediated by oxygen free radicals.
Animals ; Brain Injuries* ; Brain* ; Carbon Monoxide ; Dizocilpine Maleate ; Free Radicals ; Malondialdehyde ; Oxygen* ; Rats* ; Superoxide Dismutase

OBJECTIVE: Excessive weight gain is often observed during chronic administration of antipsychotic drugs. Several lines of evidences implicate an important role for the dopamine D2 receptor in the regulation of food intake and energy metabolism. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between the antipsychotics-induced weight gain and the polymorphisms in the dopamine D2, D3, and D4 receptor genes (DRD2, DRD33, and DRD4, respectively). METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of 200 consecutively hospitalized patients with the diagnosis of schizophrenia (DSM-IV) treated with various antipsychotics (94% atypical antipsychotics) at Bugok National Hospital, Korea. The patients were divided into two groups, weight gainers (weight gain=5%) and non-gainers (weight gain <5%) by percentile change of body weight at discharge compared to body weight at admission. We investigated the differences of the Ser311Cys polymorphism in the DRD2, the Ser9Gly polymorphism in the DRD3, and the exon III 48 bp repeat polymorphism in the DRD4 between weight gainers and non-gainers. RESULTS: Among the 200 total patients of 200, 73 (36.5%) were categorized as weight gainers. There were no significant differences were observed in the frequencies of DRD2 and DRD4 alleles and genotypes between the weight gainers and non-gainers. However, the weight gainers were associated with carriers of the Gly allele (versus Ser allele) in the Ser9Gly polymorphism of the DRD3 (OR=1.699; 95% CI=1.075~-2.686; p=0.023) and associated with carriers of the Gly/Gly genotype (versus the Ser/Ser genotype) in the Ser9Gly polymorphism of the DRD3 (OR=3.328; 95% CI=1.305~-8.488; p=0.012). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the Ser9Gly polymorphism of thein DRD3 may have an effect on the mechanism of antipsychotics-induced weight gain in patients with schizophrenia. Further research are needed to replicate these results.
Alleles ; Antipsychotic Agents ; Body Weight ; Diagnosis ; Dopamine* ; Eating ; Energy Metabolism ; Exons ; Genotype ; Humans ; Korea ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Receptors, Dopamine ; Receptors, Dopamine D2 ; Retrospective Studies ; Schizophrenia ; Weight Gain*

Neurocristopathy is characterized as having a common origin in aberrant neural crest development. Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (Ondine's curse) is characterized by marked depression of respiratory drive during sleep and normal ventilation while awake because of no response to both hypercapnea and hypoxia. The girl was full-term, weighing 3020 grams. The girl had poor respiratory effort at birth, but improved with oxygen supply and stimulation. abdominal distention and calcification were noted. During laparotomy transitional zone was found at distal jejunum; a jejunostomy was constructed. Numerous attempts at extubation failed because of apnea. The results of an apnea work-up, including brain sonography, echocardiogram, were normal. The girl died of sepsis at 37 days of age. para-aortic ganglioneuroblastoma was found on autopsy. We experienced a newborn with congenital central hypoventilation syndrome, Hirschsprung's disease and congenital ganglioneuroblastoma representative of neurocristopathy.
Anoxia ; Apnea ; Autopsy ; Brain ; Depression ; Female ; Ganglioneuroblastoma* ; Hirschsprung Disease* ; Humans ; Hypoventilation* ; Infant, Newborn* ; Jejunostomy ; Jejunum ; Laparotomy ; Neural Crest ; Oxygen ; Parturition ; Sepsis ; Ventilation