No abstract available.
Animals ; Doxorubicin* ; Rats*

No abstract available.
Antibodies* ; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome* ; Humans* ; Immunization*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the treatment results according to bone union, union time, and complications, including infection of unreamed nailing of tibial fractures between closed and open fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed 64 tibial shaft fractures that were treated with unreamed tibial nail. These included 42 closed fractures and 22 open fractures. RESULTS: Average union time of closed fractures was 19.8 weeks and that of open fractures was 20.2 weeks, nonunion rate were 4/42 and 3/22 in closed and open fractures. Average union time were 19.2, 20.4, 21.3 weeks in open grade I, II, llla fractures. According to the type of fractures, average union time were 18.5, 20.2, 24.6 weeks and nonunion rate were 2/29, 3/26, 2/9 in type A, B, C fractures. According to the level of fractures, average union time were 20.0, 20.3, 19.4 weeks and nonunion rate were 1/5, 4/37, 2/22 in proximal, middle, and distal fractures. There was no significant differences in average period of radiologic union, infection rate and nonunion rate between closed and open fracture group, but longer union time and higher nonunion rate in complex and comminuted fractures (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We consider unreamed intramedullary nailing in the tibial shaft fractures as a good treatment modality for closed and open grade I, II, IIIa fractures
Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Fractures, Closed ; Fractures, Comminuted ; Fractures, Open ; Tibial Fractures*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to assist the optimal placement of sacroiliac screw by evaluating the anatomic and radiologic features of upper sacrum. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourteen fresh-frozen cadaveric pelvises and 13 normal adults were studied for the evaluation of morphology of first sacrum and dysplastic patterns. Measurement of anatomic parameters and CT imaging of pelvis were performed. Thirty-two patients with complicated pelvic fracture were evaluated for detection of variations in the sacral alar anatomy and slope found in upper sacral segmentation. RESULTS: The mean distance between midpoint of sacrum and sacroiliac joint was 52.75 mm. The height of first sacral body was 21.71 mm. The longest antero-posterior distance in sacral alar was 52.36 mm. The mean angle between the coronal plane of S1 vertebra and anterior aspect of the alar was 29.3 degree. The mean angle between the superior aspect of S1 vertebral body and superior edge of the alar was 34.8 degree. The mean angle between the superior aspect of S1 vertebral body and supero-posterior edge of the alar was 12.5 degree. The studies revealed about 28 to 33% of cases as dysplastic sacrum. CONCLUSIONS: We studied anatomic and radiologic features of upper sacrum in cadaveric and clinical cases to gain information on the optimal placement of sacroiliac screw.
Achilles Tendon* ; Adult ; Cadaver ; Humans ; Pelvis ; Rupture* ; Sacroiliac Joint ; Sacrum ; Spine

PURPOSE: To obtain reliable clinical data arthroscopic discectomy, the authors compared the treatment results of the arthroscopic discectomy (AS) with microscopic discectomy (MS) only in the protruded type of lumbar disc herniations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Each arthroscopic and microscopic discectomy groups consisted of 39 patients who were operated between May 1993 and October 1997. Minimum follow-up period was 12 months. Method of operation was selected at random and was performed under local infiltration anesthesia in all cases. Clinical and radiological results were evaluated by same protocol before and at one, three, six and 12 months after operation. The herniations of the AS group affected L4-5 in 35 patients and L5-S1 in 4 patients, and of MS group affected L4-5 in 31 patients and L5-S1 in 8 patients. Age, sex and level showed no statistical differences in both groups. RESULTS: Average admission periods were 2.8 days in AS and 4.8 days in MS group. The overall objective clinical result was satisfactory in 92% and 90% respectively. At L4-5 level, it was 97% and 87%, while 50% and 100% at L5-S1. In accordance with the direction of protrusion, midline type showed 100% and 83%, while posterolateral type showed 91% in both group respectively. Disc space height was changed in AS group from 12.2mm preoperatively to 11.2mm (8.3%) postoperatively, and in MS group, from 12.4mm to 10.9mm (16.9%) (p<0.05) . CONCLUSION: From the clinical and radiological results, it was concluded that although overall objective and subjective clinical results were similarly satisfactory in both methods, the clinical result of AS was better in L4-5 level, while that of MS were much better in L5-S1. Radiologically, narrowing of disc space height after AS were significantly less than in MS. So, arthroscopic discectomy is more recommended in the protruded type of lumbar disc herniation at L4-5 level than microscopic discectomy.
Anesthesia, Local ; Diskectomy* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Prospective Studies*

The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of color Doppler scoring system in characterization of ovarian masses. We performed transabdominal or transvaginal color Doppler sonopaphy on 82 women with ovarian masses and analyzed the sonographic findings. Ovarian lesions were assessed by means of morphological and color Doppler scoring system by Kurjak. Tumors were characterized by ultrasonographic findings as benign or suspected of being malignant. Then the results of each scoring systems were correlated with histopathological findings. The results were as follows; Of 82 ovarian masses, 64 were benign lesions(13 mucinous cystadenomas, 16 endometriomas, 20 teratomas, 8 serous cystadenomas, and 13 other abnormalities), and 18 were malignant(12 cancers and 6 borderline tumors). The color Doppler scoring system was useful in distinguishing malignant from benign masses, with a sensitivity of 88.2%, compared with the morphological scoring system of 86.7%. The specificity of color Doppler and morphological scoring system were 95.4% and 92.5%, respectively. The sensitivity of combination of both scoring systems was 88.9%, with a specificity of 96.9%. In conclusion, color Doppler scoring system is a useful tool in predicting the malignancy of ovarian lesions especially combined with morphological scoring system.
Cystadenoma, Mucinous ; Cystadenoma, Serous ; Diagnosis* ; Endometriosis ; Female ; Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Teratoma ; Ultrasonography

The growth factor receptor oncogene, c-erb B-2, is frequently overexpressed in the adenocarcinomas of breast, ovary, lung and stomach. Although the mechanism of erb B-2 overexpression is thought as the result of transcriptional upregulation in many primary human carcinomas, expression rate of c-erb B-2 at mRNA level is usually lower than the level of translated protein. We also found that the expression of erb B-2 in SNU-1 stomach cancer cells was greater at post-transcription level (Bae et al., 1993). To explore the underlying mechanism of erb B-2 protein overexpression, we have chosen two cells lines, SNU-1 and SNU-16 where transcription rate of erb B-2 was closely resemble to each other while expressed protein levels were quite different. The synthesis rate of erb B-2 protein in SNU-1 cells was faster than SNU-16 cells while levels of erb B-2 mRNA were found to be similar in both cell lines. The half-life of the expressed erb B-2 protein was not significantly different in both cell lines. Analysis of the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of erb B-2 mRNA (-1approximately-323) showed no sequence abnormality in both cell lines. However, ribonuclease protection assay using cloned 5 UTR sequence revealed that the size of 5' UTR of erb B-2 mRNA which associate with transcription initiation site(s) in SNU-1 cells was longer than that in SNU-16. These results suggest that the increased erb B-2 protein synthesis rate possibly due to the redundant selection of transcription initiation might be a mechanism of erb B-2 overexpression in SNU-1 cells.
5' Untranslated Regions ; Base Sequence ; Comparative Study ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Half-Life ; Human ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Receptor, erbB-2/*genetics/*metabolism ; Stomach Neoplasms/genetics/*metabolism ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Transcription, Genetic ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Extraperitoneal inguinal endometriosis often presents as an inguinal mass in women of reproductive age, Approximately 40 cases of inguinal endometriosis have been documented in the sutgical and gynecological literature. The overall incidence is in the range of 0.4% of patients with endometriosis. The right side is much more commonly involved than the left (almost 90% of the time in one series of 23 patients), and rarely is the condition bilateral. The most frequent complaint of patients with inguinal endometriosis is an inguinal mass, followed by pain and enlargement of the mass near menstruation. Authors have experienced two cases of endometriosis of the extraperitoneal portion of the round ligament of uterus and report with a brief literature review.
Endometriosis* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Menstruation ; Round Ligament of Uterus* ; Uterus

p73, a first p53 relative, has been identified at chromosome 1p36, a region that is deleted in variety of human cancers. This protein shares strong homology with p53 protein, suggesting functional similarities with p53. Indeed, p73 can activate p53 downstream genes inducing apoptosis or growth arrest in tumor cells lacking p53. This phenomenon leads us to investigate the function of p73 in ovarian cancer because aberrant p53 was very frequently found in this cancer. We hypothesize that DNA damaging agents trigger p53 dependent apoptotic pathway through p73 instead of p53 in ovarian cancer having aberrant p53. We selected SKOV3 ovarian cancer cell line having no p53 gene and treated this cell line with cisplatin. After the treatment, we examined the transcriptional level of p73 and p21. Moreover, to identify whether the status of p53 influence to the function of p73, we performed same experiment after inserting adenovirus mediated p53(Avp53) into cell line. We detected significantly increased transcripts of p73 whcn treated with cisplatin. But treated with Avp53 or combined treatment with cisplatin, the transcriptional levels were not changed. These data suggest that overexpression of p73 may be important to trigger apoptotic pathway when the p53 gene is lost, but not so important in cells having normal p53.
Adenoviridae ; Apoptosis ; Cell Line* ; Cisplatin ; DNA ; Genes, p53 ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Ovarian Neoplasms*

OBJECTIVE: The mortality rate of subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH) has been reduced recently due to refinement of microsurgical technique and improved perioperative management. Also, many survivors of SAH show excellent neurological recoveries. However, we found that a high proportion of the survivors do not fully regain their premorbid status in cognitive and memory function. Object of this study is to evaluate which factors might influence on cognitive and memory impairment in ruptured aneurysmal SAH patients. METHODS: In this prospective study, a series of 66 patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH) from 1996 to 1998, most of whom had a "good" or "fair" neurological outcome, were assessed with various tests of cognition and memory function. All patients underwent clipping operation by pterional approach. Right side approach was performed in 16 case and left 21 cases. K-WAIS(Korean-Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale) was used as method of cognition and memory function test. The time interval between SAH and assessment varied between 4 months and 8 months, averaging 6.2 months. Statistical analyses were carried out for each test score to see whether aneurysm site(A-com : non A-com), route of approach, age and sex, vasospasm, Hunt-Hess grade and Fisher CT group at admission, Glasgow Outcome Scale(GOS) at discharge affect cognitive and memory function. RESULTS: Aneurysm site was not shown to be associated with performance on any test, and the initial grade (Hunt-Hess grade, Fisher CT group) of SAH and vasospasm had only minimal predictive values. The grade at discharge(GOS) was proved to be the best predictor of impairment of cognition and memory function within 1 year after operation. CONCLUSION: The authors conclude that the diffuse effects of SAH are more important than focal neuropathology in relation to cognitive impairment in this group of patients.
Adult ; Aneurysm ; Aneurysm, Ruptured ; Cognition* ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Memory* ; Mortality ; Prospective Studies ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; Survivors