A dacryocele is an uncommon complication of obstruction in nasolacrimal drainage system. It seems to occur as a result of a distal obstruction at the Hasner's valve and an proximal obstruction at the Rosenmuller's valve and has mostly been treated by opthalmologists until now. We present a rare case of dacryocele with recurrent dacryocystitis, which recurred after lacrimal probing and bougination. Dacryocele has been treated successfully through marsupialization under the endoscopic visualization.
Dacryocystitis* ; Drainage ; Lacrimal Duct Obstruction

PURPOSE: The degree of laxity of the medial and lateral canthal tendon in Korean subjects with and without involutional entropion and epiphora was evaluated in the present study. METHODS: The present study included 180 normal subjects (360 eyes), 12 patients (15 eyes) with involutional entropion, and 41 patients (58 eyes) with epiphora. The degree of laxity of the medial and lateral canthal tendon, which grades the position of the inferior punctum, was measured using the lateral and medial distraction test. RESULTS: The mean degree of medial and lateral canthal tendon laxity was 1.83/1.08 in normal subjects. A statistical difference was not observed between sexes, and the mean degree of laxity tended to be higher in older patients. The mean degree of laxity was 2.78/2.18 and 2.28/1.22 in the involutional entropion group and the epiphora group, respectively. The involutional entropion group and the epiphora group underwent endoscopic endonasal dacryocystitis (D), medial spindle procedure (M), and endoscopic endonasal dacryocystitis with the medial spindle procedure and/or the tarsal strip procedure (T). The mean degree of laxity was 1.84/1.04 in group D, 3.00/1.20 in group M, 2.33/2.00 in group D + T, 3.20/1.40 in group D + M and 3.50/2.00 in group D + T + M before surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The results from the present study may aid in the selection of a basic treatment plan for Korean patients with involutional entropion or epiphora.
Dacryocystitis ; Entropion ; Humans ; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases ; Tendons

PURPOSE: To compare characteristics in patients with and without previous dacryocystitis and satisfaction after endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 156 eyes of 116 patients who underwent endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy at our Hospital from May 2011 to December 2015. The patients were grouped into those with pre-operative dacryocystitis and those without dacryocystitis. Each patient group was characterized retrospectively, followed by a telephone survey regarding post-operative satisfaction. RESULTS: Fifty-eight patients (66 eyes) had dacryocystitis, whereas 58 patients (90 eyes) did not. Patients' mean age was 64.9 years old. The mean duration of symptoms in patients with and without dacryocystitis was 11 and 20 months, respectively, showing a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). The correlation between comorbidities and dacryocystitis was statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). Post-operative satisfaction was higher in patients with dacryocystitis, showing a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with pre-operative dacryocystitis were characterized by a shorter duration of symptoms and higher post-operative satisfaction. This finding implies that post-operative satisfaction could be lower in patients without dacryocystitis, which should be noted.
Comorbidity ; Dacryocystitis* ; Dacryocystorhinostomy* ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Telephone

Bilateral nasolacrimal duct cyst is an uncommon disease causing respiratory and feeding difficulty in neonates. It can either present pure intranasal cystic mass or be associated with dacryocystocele and/or dacryocystitis. Symptoms and signs of nasolacrimal duct cyst are different according to the patient's age and its bilaterality. Therefore, treatment should be individualized according to its presentation. The authors experienced one case of bilateral nasolacrimal duct cyst without dacryocystocele which caused respiratory difficulty and another case of nasolacrimal duct cyst associated with dacryocystocele. Both cases were treated by endoscopic marsupializaion of the cysts. We report these two cases with a brief review of the literature.
Dacryocystitis ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Nasolacrimal Duct*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the correlation between organisms cultured from the lacrimal punctum and lacrimal sac in acute and chronic dacryocystitis during endonasal or external dacryocystorhinostomy. METHODS: Clinical and microbiological records of patients who received endonasal or external dacryocystorhinostomy diagnosed with chronic or acute dacryocystitis between January 2006 and July 2010 were reviewed for age, gender, and culture results from samples of the lacrimal punctum and the lacrimal sac. RESULTS: A total of 107 (93%) patients were positive for bacterial cultures from the lacrimal punctum or sac. The majority of microorganisms from the lacrimal punctum were Staphylococcus epidermidis (24%), and the majority of microorganisms from the lacrimal sac were Staphylococcus aureus (25%). When simultaneous positive culture results from the lacrimal punctum and lacrimal sac were observed, the microorganisms from the 2 areas were identical in 62% of the samples. Additionally, the majority of these organisms were S. aureus. CONCLUSIONS: A high rate of microorganism-positive cultures from the lacrimal sac or lacrimal punctum with a diagnosis of chronic or acute dacryocystitis was found. In addition, the culture results demonstrated that the cause of dacryocystitis was mostly conjunctival normal flora, with a high degree of similarity in organisms between the lacrimal sac and lacrimal punctum (61.7%).
Dacryocystitis ; Dacryocystorhinostomy ; Humans ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Staphylococcus epidermidis

Seventeen cases of chronic dacryocystitis were studied by performing dacryocystography, using Pantepaque or Lipiodol as the dye. The youngest patient was 22 years of age, the oldest 66 years. Two cases were in male sex and remaining twelve were in females. Of these 17 cases, the chronic dacryocystitis was present on both sides in ten cases, on the right side in 4 and on the left side in 3. Daryocystograms showed that: 1. The most common site of obstruction was the neck of the sac(61.5%). 2. The obstruction was total and complete, except one case. 3. The lacrimal sac shown by dacryocystography as follows: a) a large sac with atony suggesting several years of suppurative inflammation. b) a samll shrunken sac suggesting several years of mild inflammation. c) normal sized sac with irregular outline suggesting recent acute exacervation of the disease. d) normal sized sac suggesting short duration of chronic mild inflammation. 4. Two cases of fistula and one case of diverticulum were observed. 5. There were nonvisualization of five cases of the lacrimal sac because of obstruction of canaliculi or ampulla.
Dacryocystitis ; Diverticulum ; Ethiodized Oil ; Female ; Fistula ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Male ; Neck

Ahigh percentage of patients with disorders of the lacrimal drainage system present to the ophthalmologists with the complaint of epiphora. These patients complain of the blurred vision due to tear, and "mattering" and pain of the eyes due to secondary conjunctivitis and acute or chronic dacryocystitis. The aim of surgery on the lacrimal drainage system to relieve epiphora or acute and chronic inflammations of the eye and the lacrimal system. Although the causes of congenital and acquired obstructions are different, the accurate knowledge on the anatomy, the causes of obstruction, and the diagnostic methods is essential in the evaluation of patients with epiphora and for the optimal management of obstruction of the lacrimal drainage system. In this article the author will discuss the surgical managements of disorders of the lacrimal drainage system associated with age, focusing on the degree and position of obstruction from a review of the published data.
Conjunctivitis ; Dacryocystitis ; Drainage* ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases ; Tears

Congenital lacrimal sac fistulas are relatively uncommon and are estimated to occur in 1 per 2000 birth. They consist of a dimple opening that leads to the lacrimal sac. Most of the fistulas are unilateral and are located inferonasally to the medial canthus. The patients may be asymptomatic and overlooked for some time after birth, or may demonstrate tearing from the fistula, the eye, or both. The treatment of those with symptoms such as epiphora and dacryocystitis is still controversial. In cases with nasolacrimal obstruction, performing dacryocystorhinostomy in addition to excision is appropriate. Therefore, it is necessary to determine whether nasolacrimal obstruction is present before or during the operation in deciding treatment method. But in most cases, treatment is possible with excision alone. From September, 1999 to February, 2002 authors treated 3 cases of congenital lacrimal sac fistulas without nasolacrimal obstruction and good results were obtained by the method of fistulectomy alone.
Dacryocystitis ; Dacryocystorhinostomy ; Fistula* ; Humans ; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases ; Parturition

PURPOSE: To report on the treatment approach of canaliculitis related to SmartPLUG use and its clinical manifestation. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of eight patients who had canaliculitis after the insertion of the SmartPLUG was conducted. RESULTS: Seven out of eight cases with canaliculitis related to the SmartPLUG required extraction of the SmartPLUG. While four cases were removed with only retrograde massage, two cases required surgical treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Canaliculitis related to SmartPLUG use is rarely reported. However, canaliculitis as a complication is difficult to treat and often leads to surgery. In canaliculitis related to SmartPLUG use, retrograde massage as a non-surgical method for the simple and effective removal of the SmartPLUG can be beneficial.
Corneal Ulcer ; Dacryocystitis ; Humans ; Massage ; Retrospective Studies ; Canaliculitis

Squamous cell papilloma is one of epitheial tumors. Squamous cell papilloma of the lacrimal sac is so rare that the indrvidual clinician rarely acquires substantial experience in their management. The patients with benign squamous cell papilloma present with epiphora, palpable mass and bloody discharge that can be mistaken clinically as evidence of chronic dacryocystitis. The choice of treatment is simple excision and recurrence rate is approximately 20-30%. Most of the papilloma does not reveal any malignant change. We experienced a 40-year-old woman who had a soft, irregular surfaced palpable mass and unilateral epiphora for one year in the lower lid and inner canthus of the left eye. We treated with dacryocystectomy including tumor mass. The histopathologic evaluation revealed the tumor to be a benign squamous cell papilloma. The general conditions of the patient and operation sites are good so, we present our case with a brief review of the literature.
Adult ; Dacryocystitis ; Female ; Humans ; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases ; Papilloma* ; Recurrence