Objective　To study the effects of air disinfect ion by three methods. Methods　Air was disinfected by ultraviol et rays, pentadialdchyde and ozone, efficiency of disinfection was eval uated b y three different disinfection methods using synchronous sampling after and b efo re disinfected. Results　The peak of the bacteria background by precussion method was 10 o'clock, by the ballistic method was 9 o'clock and by the petri dish method was 10 o'clock before disinfected. Three disinfect ion methods were significantly different, efficiency of disi nfection of pentadialdchyde was the highest when it was evaluated by the precuss io n method, and recovery of bacteria was 43.4%～55.8% after disinfected 3 h our s; effect of pentadialdchyde was better than that of the ballistic method, and r ecovery of bacte ria was 21.8%～35.7% after disinfected 3 hours; effect of ultra violet ra ys was better than that of the petri dish method, and recovery of bacteria was 4 2.1%～60.6% after disinfected 3 hours. But their differences were not significan t. In t he course of experiment, temperature and relative humidity have a negative impac t on the ultraviolet ray's efficiency and almost have no impact on others. Conclusions　Disinfection method of the ultraviolet rays could be rep laced by disinfection method of pentadialdchyde and ozone.

Objective To investigate the sonographic diagnosis and genetic counseling of fetal cardiac rhabdomyoma.Methods Four cases of fetal cardiac rhabdomyoma diagnosed at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from August 2016 to January 2017 were enrolled in this retrospective study.The results of ultrasound,other image modalities,genetic testing,and pregnancy outcomes were analyzed.Results In all fetuses echogenic solid masses were observed in the ventricles,which were single in 2 cases and multiple in the other two cases.In two fetuses no extracardiac anomalies were identified,and in another two tuberous sclerosis was diagnosed based on the clinical features including renal cyst in one case and intracranial tubers on ultrasound and MRI in another case.There was negative family history for genetic diseases in all cases except one.After counseling,all parents opted for pregnancy termination.Autopsy was performed in 3 cases,in whom characteristic cardiac rhabdomyomas were found in left ventricle.Microscopic examination of one case showed cysts arising from tubules in both kidneys.In another case mutilple tubers were observed on the trunk.Conclusions Cardiac rhabdomyomas are characteristic on prenatal ultrasound.Targeted screening based on ultrasound and family history are helpful for the early diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis.Genetic testing should be considered in suspected cases.