PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore level of moral distress, moral sensitivity, and ethical climate of nurses working in psychiatric wards and identify factors that influence moral distress. Also this study was done to describe the content of moral distress. METHODS: Data were collected through self-report questionnaires and focus group interviews. A survey was conducted with 108 psychiatric nurses and 8 volunteers were interviewed. Instruments used in this study were the Moral Distress Scale for Psychiatric Nurses, Korean version of the Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire, and Ethical Climate Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 20.0 program and content analysis. RESULTS: The mean score for moral distress was 3.74 and for moral sensitivity, 4.67. The significant factors influencing moral distress were clinical career in psychiatric wards, moral sensitivity, personal profit and friendship. As a result of content analysis, 3 domain of moral distress were found: moral distress situations, responses in moral distress situations, factors to overcome moral distress and resources that enable ethical nursing. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that in the development of interventions to decrease moral distress for nurses working in psychiatric wards, factors identified as influencing moral distress and content of moral distress should be considered.
Climate* ; Focus Groups ; Friends ; Humans ; Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Purpose: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine previous research on website and mobile application-based interventions for adolescents and young adults with depression and to evaluate their effectiveness on depressive symptoms. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library CENTRAL databases were searched and 22 articles were identified from 16 randomized controlled trial studies. Results: The most frequently used intervention strategy was Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT). Most studies (n = 14) used websites. Two studies used mobile applications. Meta-analysis revealed a significant effect of overall website and mobile application-based interventions on depression at posttest. Subgroup meta-analyses showed that ICBT and website-based interventions had significant effects on depression at posttest. However, there was no significant effect at follow-up assessments. Conclusion Website and mobile application-based interventions, specifically ICBT, are recommended for adolescents and young adults with depression. Further randomized controlled trials conducting follow-up assessments are required to confirm their long-term effects.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore levels of depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation in maladjusted Korean soldiers and identify factors that influence suicidal ideation. METHODS: Instruments were the CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale), STAI (State Trait Anxiety Inventory), and SSI (Scale for Suicidal Ideation). The participants were 94 maladjusted soldiers from one army base in Gyeong-gi Province. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires, and analyzed with the SPSS/WIN 20.0 program. RESULTS: Mean scores were; for CES-D, 42.1+/-13.10, for STAI-I (state-anxiety) and STAI-II (trait-anxiety), 60.3+/-15.05 and 61.9+/-12.14 respectfully, and for SSI, 23.1+/-9.52. There were significant differences in suicidal ideation according the general characteristics of education, prospects for the future, and having someone to talk about troubles. Major variables showing significant correlations were prospects for the future, depression, trait anxiety, state anxiety, and suicidal ideation. Depression and prospect for future were significant predictors of suicidal ideation (Adjusted R2 65%). CONCLUSION: Based on the findings of this study, it is important to assess significant mental health problems at the clinical level and provide suicidal ideation prevention in maladjusted soldiers. Active input from experts such as nursing officers and intervention programs that focus on depression are needed.
Anxiety ; Depression ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Military Personnel ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Suicidal Ideation