Five compounds, huyouyisu (1), vomifoliol (2), isoferulic acid (3), 1,2,3-trihydroxyphenol (4) and p-hydroxy-phenol (5), were isolated from the peels of Citrus changshan-huyou Y. B. Chang for the first time by utilizing repeated column chromatography on silica gel. Among them, huyouyisu (1) is a new compound. The structure was elucidated by using 1D and 2D spectra.
Butanols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Cinnamates ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Citrus ; chemistry ; Cyclohexanones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Phenols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

OBJECTIVEIn this study, we assayed promoter hypermethylation and protein expression of the mismatch repair gene (MMR) hMLH1 and hMSH2 in gestational trophoblastic diseases to understand the significance of MMR promoter methylation and expression in the pathogenesis and malignant transformation of hydatidiform mole.

METHODSDNA was extracted from chorion of early pregnancies, partial hydatidiform moles, complete hydatidiform moles, and invasive moles were over digested by methylation sensitive endonuclease Hpa II. Then the promoters were amplificated by polymerase chain reaction. The protein was detected by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSIn the normal placenta, neither hMLH1 nor hMSH2 promoter methylation was detected. Expression of hMLH1 and hMSH2 in cytotrophoblasts was strongly positive, and that was negative or weakly positive in syncytiotrophobasts. In all normal chorion, expression of hMLH1 and hMSH2 in cytotrophoblasts was strongly positive. In partial hydatidiform mole and complete hydatidiform mole, the methylation of hMLH1 and hMSH2 promoters was significantly higher than that of early placenta (P < 0.05), and the protein expression in cytotrophoblasts was significantly lower (P < 0.05). In the invasive mole, hMLH1 and hMSH2 promoter methylation were not significantly different as compared with the partial hydatidiform mole and complete hydatidiform mole (P > 0.05). Expression of hMLH1 in the invasive mole (54.5%, 6/11) was not significantly different as compared with the partial hydatidiform mole and complete hydatidiform mole (P > 0.05). But expression of hMSH2 in the invasive mole (36.4%, 4/11) was weaker than that in complete hydatidiform mole (P = 0.044). Promoter methylation and less expression of hMSH2 had correlations in complete hydatidiform mole or invasive mole.

CONCLUSIONSStrong expressions of hMLH1 and hMSH2 in the cytotrophoblasts of normal placenta may keep the genome stability. Promoter methylation and down-regulation of hMLH1 and hMSH2 are probably involved in the pathogenesis of hydatidiform mole.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Adult ; Base Pair Mismatch ; genetics ; Carrier Proteins ; DNA Methylation ; DNA Repair ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Female ; Humans ; Hydatidiform Mole ; genetics ; pathology ; Hydatidiform Mole, Invasive ; genetics ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; MutL Protein Homolog 1 ; MutS Homolog 2 Protein ; Neoplasm Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Nuclear Proteins ; Pregnancy ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Uterine Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology

Candida albicans ; immunology ; Candidiasis ; diagnosis ; Epitopes ; Humans ; Peptide Library ; Serologic Tests

OBJECTIVETo evaluate operative technique, patient selection and perioperative management of single-lung transplantation for a patients with end-stage emphysema.

METHODSA 56-year-old patient with end-stage emphysema underwent left-lung transplantation on September 28, 2002. The surgical technique used was similar to that mentioned in the literature. The donor lung was perfused by LPD solution with a cold ischemic time of 260 minutes. Cardiopulmonary bypass was not performed.

RESULTSThe patient weaned from a ventilator at the 93th hour after operation. Immunosuppressants included cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil and corticosteroid. Acute rejection occurred on the ninth day after operation and was cured by bolus methylprednisolone given intravenously. Lung function was improved significantly and the patient was discharged from the hospital on the 47th day after operation.

CONCLUSIONSingle-lung transplantation for patients with end-stage emphysema is effective for long-term improvement of pulmonary function.

Adult ; Emphysema ; surgery ; Graft Rejection ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Lung Transplantation ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo investigate the efficacy and adverse effects of dapoxetine in the treatment of premature ejaculation.

METHODSWe randomly assigned outpatients with premature ejaculation in the proportion of 2:1 to receive 30 mg dapoxetine on demand (n =78) or 50 mg sertraline qd for one month (n = 39). Follow-up was accomplished in 95 cases, 63 in the dapoxetine group and 32 in the sertraline group. We recorded the intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT), clinical global impression of change (CGIC) score, and adverse reactions of the patients and compared them between the two groups.

RESULTSIELT was significantly increased in both the dapoxetine (from [0.87 ± 0.31] to [2.84 ± 0.68] min, P < 0.05) and the sertraline group (from [0.84 ± 0.28] to [2.71 ± 0.92] min, P < 0.05) after medication. Based on the CGIC scores in premature ejaculation, the rate of excellence or effectiveness was 36.5% in the dapoxetine and 37. 5% in the sertraline group, and the rate of improvement was 63.5% in the former and 71.9% in the latter. The incidence rates of dizziness, nausea, headache, and diarrhea were slightly higher (P > 0.05) while those of fatigue, somnolence, and dry mouth significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the sertraline than in the dapoxetine group.

CONCLUSIONOn-demand oral medication of dapoxetine is effective and well-tolerated for the treatment of premature ejaculation.

Benzylamines ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Double-Blind Method ; Ejaculation ; drug effects ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Naphthalenes ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Outpatients ; Premature Ejaculation ; drug therapy ; Reaction Time ; drug effects ; physiology ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Sertraline ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo reveal the pharmacological activities of the components for their further utilization and development by studying the chemical constituents of Citrus changshan-huyou.

METHODThe structures were determined by repeated silica gel chromatographic separation and spectral analysis.

RESULTFive compounds were obtained, and identified as 3-oxo friedelin (I), limonin (II), beta-sitosterol (III), 8-(2',3'-dihydroxy-4'-methylbutane)-7-methoxycoumarin (IV), sucrose (V).

CONCLUSIONThe five compounds were obtained from this plant for the first time.

Citrus ; chemistry ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Limonins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Sitosterols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Sucrose ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo study selective killing effect of herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase/ganciclovir (Hsv-tk/GCV) driven by human telomerase catalytic subunit (hTERT) promoter on lung cancer cell line A549 in vitro.

METHODS(1) Expression plasmids of Hsv-tk gene driven by hTERT promoter and sv40 promoter respectively (pGL3-hTp-tk and pGL3-sv40-tk) were transfected into telomerase-positive human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 and telomerase-negative fetal lung fibroblast cell line MRC-5. Reverse transcription-PCR was performed to detect expression of tk gene in above transfected cell lines; (2) Inhibition effect on proliferation of above transfected cell lines treated with GCV was investigated with MTT method; (3) Influence of GCV on apoptosis and cell cycle of above transfected cell lines was investigated with flow cytometry.

RESULTS(1) tk mRNA expression was detected in both A549 and MRC-5 transfected with pGL3-sv40-tk, also in A549 transfected with pGL3-hTp-tk, but not in pGL3-hTp-tk transfected MRC-5; (2) GCV showed significant inhibition effects on proliferation of pGL3-sv40-tk transfected A549 and MRC-5 in vitro, also on that of pGL3-hTp-tk transfected A549, but not on that of pGL3-hTp-tk transfected MRC-5; (3) Treated with GCV, apoptosis index (AI) of pGL3-sv40-tk transfected A549 and MRC-5 as well as pGL3-hTp-tk transfected A549 (21.58%, 9.35% and 23.19% respectively) increased significantly, compared with A549, MRC-5 transfected with pGL3-hTp (0.78% and 0.55% respectively) and A549, MRC-5 without plasmid transfection as blank control (2.17% and 0.60% respectively); GCV had no influence on AI of pGL3-hTp-tk transfected MRC-5 (0.88%).

CONCLUSIONtk gene driven by hTERT promoter could express selectively in lung cancer cell A549. Hsv-tk/GCV driven by hTERT promoter could selectively inhibit proliferation of lung cancer cell.

Antiviral Agents ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Flow Cytometry ; Ganciclovir ; pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; drug effects ; Genetic Therapy ; methods ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; therapy ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Simplexvirus ; enzymology ; genetics ; Telomerase ; genetics ; Thymidine Kinase ; genetics ; Transfection ; Viral Proteins ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of thalidomide in preventing nausea and vomiting induced by emetogenic cisplatin (CDDP) chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

METHODSThis study was carried out as a prospective, randomized control clinical trial. 61 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer were scheduled to receive chemotherapy (gemcitabin 1000 mg/m(2) i.v. gtt d1, 8 and CDDP 75 mg/m(2) i.v. gtt d1, GP regimen). The patients were randomly divided into a treatment and control groups. All patients in both groups received ramosetron 0.3 mg intravenously (i.v.) and metoclopramide 20 mg intramuscularly (i.m.) 30 min prior to chemotherapy to prevent nausea and emesis on day 1. In the treatment group, addition of thalidomide (50 mg p.o. bid) were administered on days 1 to 5 after the start of chemotherapy.

RESULTSAcute nausea was effectively controlled in 74.2% of the patients in the control group and in 90.0% of treatment group. Acute vomiting was effectively controlled in 90.3% of the patients in the control group and in 93.3% of treatment group. No statistically significant differences showed in effective control of acute nausea and vomiting between the 2 groups (P = 0.108; P = 1.000). Delayed nausea was effectively controlled in 19.4% of the patients in control group and in 56.7% in the treatment group. Delayed vomiting was effectively controlled in 48.4% of the patients in control group and 76.7% in treatment group. Statistically there was a significant differences in effective control of delayed nausea and vomiting between the 2 groups (P = 0.003, P = 0.023). Both antiemetic regimens were well tolerated, and no significant difference was observed in adverse events between the 2 groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONOur results demonstrate that thalidomide is highly effective in controlling delayed nausea and vomiting episodes in patients induced by moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. Moreover, no serious toxic effects are induced by this treatment.

Antiemetics ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Cisplatin ; administration & dosage ; Deoxycytidine ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nausea ; chemically induced ; prevention & control ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prospective Studies ; Thalidomide ; therapeutic use ; Vomiting ; chemically induced ; prevention & control

OBJECTIVETo investigate the etiology and treatment of bladder spasm associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

METHODSUrodynamic tests were performed in 102 cases of BPH before operation. The correlation of bladder spasm with aging, international prostate symptom score (IPSS), quality of life, prostatic volume, operation methods and urodynamic indexes was studied by t and chi2 tests.

RESULTSThe incidences of bladder spasm in the lower compliant bladder and unstable bladder were 32.1% (9/28) and 42.5% (13/20), and those after suprapubic prostatectomy and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) were 50.9% (26/51) and 23.3% (12/51). There was significant difference between operation methods (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONBladder spasm easily develops in the lower compliant bladder and unstable bladder, especially after suprapubic prostatectomy. TURP might decrease the incidence of bladder spasm after BPH operation.

Aged ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; surgery ; Spasm ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; Urinary Bladder Diseases ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Urodynamics

BACKGROUNDWe compared the validity (evaluated by sensitivity and specificity), reliability (evaluated by reproducibility) and yield (evaluated by predictive value, examining complexity and cost) of individual and combined tests for bladder tumour antigen stat (BTAstat), nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22), hyaluronic acid (HA), survivin, CD44v6, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and voided urine cytology (VUC) in detecting bladder cancer. And at the same time we evaluated the clinical value of these seven detecting methods in the diagnosis of bladder cancer.

METHODSThe six markers and VUC were detected in the urine of cancer group (151 patients with bladder cancer) and two control groups (50 patients with benign urological diseases and 50 healthy controls). The sensitivity, specificity, predictive value, reproducibility, examining complexity and checking cost of each marker and combined markers were calculated.

RESULTSThere was a significant difference between bladder cancer group and the two control groups. The sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value were as follows: VUC (36.4%, 100.0%, 100%), BTAstat (76.8%, 87.0%, 89.9%), NMP22 (77.5%, 81.0%, 86.0%), HA (82.8%, 83.0%, 88.0%), survivin (70.2%, 85.0%, 87.6%), CD44v6 (50.3%, 79.0%, 78.4%), and VEGF (68.2%, 93.0%, 93.6%). The highest sensitivities were 91.4% for NMP22 + BTAstat and HA + NMP22, whereas the combined marker with the lowest sensitivity (62.3%) was VUC + CD44v6. The highest specificity was 93.0% for the combined use of VUC + VEGF and HA + CD44v6 had the lowest specificity (73.0%). The most convenient examining method was the detection for BTAstat, the lowest cost was the detection for HA, and the best reproducibility were the detection for BTAstat and VUC.

CONCLUSIONSAll the markers have obvious clinical value in diagnosis of bladder cancer. The use of BTAstat + HA or NMP22 + BTAstat are better examining methods in terms of validity, reliability, and yield.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antigens, Neoplasm ; analysis ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; analysis ; Female ; Glycoproteins ; analysis ; Humans ; Hyaluronan Receptors ; analysis ; Hyaluronic Acid ; analysis ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; Male ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; analysis ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Proteins ; analysis ; Neoplasm Staging ; Nuclear Proteins ; analysis ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; analysis