Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Breast ; pathology ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Cyclophosphamide ; therapeutic use ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Doxorubicin ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prednisone ; therapeutic use ; Sarcoma ; pathology ; Spleen ; pathology ; Splenic Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Vincristine ; therapeutic use

Adult ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; metabolism ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Cyclophosphamide ; therapeutic use ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Doxorubicin ; therapeutic use ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Leukocyte Common Antigens ; metabolism ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Mucin-1 ; metabolism ; Prednisone ; therapeutic use ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; metabolism ; Vincristine ; therapeutic use

Objective To investigate the criteria for assessing the clinical therapeutic effect of chronic urticaria in China.Methods The application of criteria for assessing the clinical therapeutic effect of chronic urticaria in China and their applicable scope were analyzed by frequency analysis and K-means clustering analysis, respectively.Results The criteria for assessing symptoms and therapeutic effect were different in the 857 papers included in this study. SSRI was used in 549 (64.17) out of the 857 papers included in this study.K-means clustering analysis showed that the applicable scope of SSRI with curative rate ( 100%≥SSRI>90%) , improvement rate ( 90%≥SSR<60%) , Significant effect rate (60%≥SSRI>20%) , and no response rate (20%≥SSR≥0%) as its criteria was wider than that of frequency analysis.Conclusion The criteria for the clinical assessment of chronic urticaria and its drug treatment effect should be unified and standardized.

OBJECTIVETo explore roles of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and nuclear factor (NF) -KB in expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in rat alveolar macrophages induced by high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1 ).

METHODSPrimary rat alveolar macrophages (PRAMs) cultured in vitro were incubated with PD98059 ( inhibitor against ERK), SB203580 (inhibitor against p38 MAPK) , PDTC (inhibitor against NF-kappaB), or PD98059 plus SB203580 for 2 hours, respectively. HMGB1 was added into the cultures and incubated with cells for 6 hours. Total RNA of PRAMs was extracted and iNOS mRNA expression was semi-quantified with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR). Greiss reaction was applied to determine nitrite/nitrate (NO2-/NO3- ) concentration in PRAMs culture supernatants.

RESULTSExpression of iNOS mRNA and NO production in PRAMs culture supernatants were down-regulated by inhibition of ERK or p38 MAPK by PD98059 or SB203580, respectively (P <0. 05). Moreover, inhibition of iNOS expression and NO production was observed after simultaneous pretreatment with PD98059 and SB203580 (P < 0. 05). Expression of iNOS mRNA in PRAMs and NO production in PRAMs culture supernatants were down-regulated by inhibition of NF-kappaB by PDTC (P <0. 05).

CONCLUSIONCellular signal molecules of ERK, p38 MAPK, and NF-kappaB all participate in the expression of iNOS and NO production in PRAMs induced by HMGB1.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; physiology ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; HMGB1 Protein ; pharmacology ; Imidazoles ; pharmacology ; Macrophages, Alveolar ; metabolism ; Male ; NF-kappa B ; antagonists & inhibitors ; physiology ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; biosynthesis ; Proline ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Pyridines ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction ; Thiocarbamates ; pharmacology ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo describe the clinicopathologic features and immunophenotypes of carcinoid tumorlets in the lung with bronchiectasis, and to study the morphogenesis of these tiny tumors.

METHODSThe histopathologic characteristics of 3 bronchiectasis cases with carcinoid tumorlets, 11 bronchiectasis and 2 normal lungs were studied. Specific markers of the tiny tumors and the number of neuroendocrine cells (NECs) in the airway mucosa were immunohistochemically detected by EnVision method.

RESULTSThe tumorlets in the lungs presented as multi-focal nodules and most were displayed only under microscopy. These cells were arranged in clusters and foci of fascicles which were situated in the surrounding bronchial wall and bronchioles adjacent to bronchiectatic lesion, or in the scar tissues. The tiny tumors were consisted of short fusiform cells and small ovoid cells. Their nuclei were circular, oval or long fusiform and the cells were strongly argyrophilic on Grimelius staining. Intensive positive immunostaining for calcitonin, chromogranin A, NSE and gastrin were detected. Weak positive for CK, EMA, S-100 and focal positive for HC, ACTH, 5-HT were also observed. Proliferative NECs in airway mucosa adjacent to the tiny tumors increased significantly in number, compared with those in the airway mucosa of bronchiectasis without tumorlets and normal lungs (P < 0.001, respectively).

CONCLUSIONSThe clinicopathologic features and immunophenotypes of carcinoid tumorlets resemble carcinoid tumors. They are the early stage of carcinoid development. Their development may be related to the chronic pulmonary damage resulting in hypoxia and stimulating the proliferation of NECs. These pulmonary carcinoid tumorlets can be used as a model to study the tumorigenesis of carcinoid carcinoma of the lung.

Adult ; Aged ; Bronchiectasis ; pathology ; Carcinoid Tumor ; chemistry ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung Neoplasms ; chemistry ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Morphogenesis ; Neurosecretory Systems ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo detect beta-catenin mRNA levels in sporadic colorectal cancers (SCRC) and adjacent normal colorectal mucosa, and to investigate the association between the beta-catenin mRNA level and its aberrant expression and clinicopathological parameters.

METHODSThe concentration of beta-catenin mRNA in 81 SCRCs and 28 adjacent normal colorectal mucosa specimens was determined by TaqMan real-time quantitative RT-PCR. The ratio of beta-catenin cDNA copies/GAPDH cDNA copies was used to represent the mRNA expression level in different tissues. The beta-catenin protein expression was determined by the EnVision two-step immunohistochemical method.

RESULTSbeta-catenin mRNA levels in SCRCs (2.527 +/- 2.284) were lower than those in the adjacent normal colorectal mucosa (5.003 +/- 3.326), P < 0.05. In addition, beta-catenin mRNA levels in lymph node-positive cases and tumors with ulcerative and infiltrating growth types were significantly lower (1.827 +/- 1.288, 2.202 +/- 2.035) than those in lymph node-negative cases and polypoid growth type tumors (3.359 +/- 2.881, 3.108 +/- 2.610), P < 0.05. No significant difference of beta-catenin mRNA level was found between cases with aberrant beta-catenin cytoplasm or nuclear expression and those without.

CONCLUSIONSSCRCs express lower levels of beta-catenin mRNA than normal colorectal mucosa. Such lower level expression is associated with lymph node metastasis and tumors with ulcerative and infiltrative growth pattern. Aberrant cytoplasmic and nuclear expression of beta-catenin appears unrelated to the lower mRNA levels. Quantitative detection of beta-catenin mRNA may be a useful approach to monitor the biological behavior of SCRCs.

Adenocarcinoma ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intestinal Mucosa ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; beta Catenin ; biosynthesis ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo study mRNA expression of VEGF-(A, C, D) genes in breast carcinoma and its effect on prognosis.

METHODSThe mRNA expression of VEGF-(A, C, D) genes in 61 cases of primary breast carcinoma and 29 cases of benign mammary lesions was detected by TaqMan real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) technology. The correlation between mRNA expression and various clinicopathologic parameters and survival data was analyzed.

RESULTSThe level of mRNA expression of VEGF-(A, C) genes was significantly higher in primary breast carcinomas (2.79 +/- 1.31 and 3.33 +/- 0.88 respectively) than in benign mammary lesions (1.59 +/- 1.35 and 2.76 +/- 0.55 respectively, P = 0.000 and 0.002 respectively). The percentage of VEGF-D mRNA expression was 73.77% in breast carcinomas, as compared to 51.72% in benign mammary lesions (P = 0.038). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the mRNA expression levels of VEGF-D gene between primary breast carcinomas and benign mammary lesions (P = 0.683). On the other hand, the ratio of VEGF-D mRNA expression to VEGF-C mRNA expression was lower in lymph node-positive than in lymph node-negative cases. This also correlated with the occurrence of nodal metastasis by uni- and multivariate analysis (P(uni) = 0.046 and P(mult) = 0.062). High mRNA expression of VEGF-(A, C) genes was associated with poor disease-free survival (P = 0.030 and 0.044 respectively).

CONCLUSIONSThe expression of VEGF-(A, C, D) genes may play a role in the disease progression of breast carcinoma. The ratio of VEGF-D mRNA expression to VEGF-C mRNA expression correlates with the occurrence of lymph node metastasis in breast carcinoma. The mRNA expression of VEGF-(A, C) genes may serve as a useful prognostic indicator in breast cancer.

Adult ; Aged ; Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; genetics ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C ; genetics ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the feasibility of detecting cyclin D1 protein expression and t(11;14) chromosomal translocation in paraffin-embedded tissues and its diagnostic and differential diagnostic significance for mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).

METHODSParaffin-embedded samples of 36 cases of MCL and a control group of 71 cases of small B-cell lymphomas were retrieved from archive materials. Immunohistochemical staining for cyclin D1 and semi-nested PCR for t(11;14) were detected in all samples. House-keeping gene beta-actin was used to detect the quality of DNA.

RESULTS(1) Cyclin D1 was expressed in 26 of the 36 MCL (72.2%). There was no cyclin D1 expression in the control group. (2) beta-actin DNA was detected in 101 of the 107 tumor cases (94.4%). t(11;14) was detected in 22 of the 36 MCL. Translocation was not found in control group. The positive rate for t(11;14) was 64.7% in MCL after exclusion of 2 cases which were negative for both t(11;14) and beta-actin. (3) 29 cases were positive for cyclin D1 and/or t(11;14), the positive rate reached 80.5%.

CONCLUSIONThe combined detection of cyclin D1 and t(11;14) in paraffin-embedded tissues is found to be a specific and feasible method for diagnosis and differential diagnosis of mantle cell lymphoma.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14 ; Cyclin D1 ; analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell ; chemistry ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Paraffin Embedding ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Translocation, Genetic

OBJECTIVETo observe the status of AKT and phospho-AKT (pAKT) in three diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cell lines, and to investigate the effects of AKT activation on biologic behavior of DLBCL cells.

METHODSThree DLBCL cell lines, ly1, ly8 and ly10 were maintained in 10% FBS or serum free culture medium. The expression of AKT and status of pAKT were detected by Western blotting. LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K, was used to suppress the level of pAKT. Flow cytometry combined with PI staining, AnnexinV-FITC assay and Brdu incorporation assay were used to analyze the parameters of the cell cycle, apoptosis and proliferation respectively.

RESULTSThere was constitutive activation of AKT in three DLBCL cell lines and the levels of pAKT were altered in the different environments. In 10% FBS culture medium, pAKT was higher than that in serum free culture medium in ly8 and ly10, however, pAKT in ly1 maintained in serum free culture medium was mildly higher than that in 10% FBS culture medium. When the cell lines ly1, ly8, ly10 were maintained in 10% FBS culture medium, the inhibitor LY294002 suppressed the level of pAKT efficiently in three DLBCL cell lines. The percentage of cells at S phase and the proliferation index were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) without an increase of apoptosis (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSActivation of AKT may play an important role in the development of DLBCL. It is closely related to the control of cell cycle and proliferation, but is not associated with apoptosis. LY294002 can inhibit cell growth by decreasing the levels of pAKT in DLBCL cell lines.

Apoptosis ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Chromones ; pharmacology ; Culture Media, Serum-Free ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; metabolism ; pathology ; Morpholines ; pharmacology ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Phosphorylation ; drug effects ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the morphological and genetic characteristics in salivary gland marginal zone B cell lymphoma of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas.

METHODSTwenty-eight cases of MALT lymphomas of salivary gland were collected from Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of Fudan University. Morphological review based on HE sections, and specific chromosomal abnormalities were detected by two-color interphase fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Four different probes were available to detect for API2-MALT1 fusion gene, bcl-10, IgH and MALT1 gene, respectively.

RESULTSThere were 16 females and 12 males, median age was 52. In those cases, 18 originated from parotid gland, 6 from submandibular and 4 from sublingual gland. Ten were localized mass and 18 were masses diffusely involved the glands. According to the clinical information, only 8 cases showed symptoms of dry mouth, dry nose or dry eye. Pathological findings showed that all cases had a dense lymphoid infiltration and obliteration and atrophy of acini and ducts. Twenty-two (78.6%) showed prominent monocytoid B cells and more often formed broad halos around epithelial islands. Eighteen (64.3%) showed clusters of lymphoblastic cells or plasma cells, Russel' and Dutcher' body were easily seen. Ten (35.7%) showed nerve or blood vessel infiltration. Interphase FISH showed that 3 cases harbored t(11;18) and 2 cases harbored trisomy 18, but none of all found IgH and bcl-10 translocations. After operation, 22 patients' follow-up information was available. One case died on 15 months later after operation, the rest of 21 cases were alive. Except surgical resection, patients did not get systematic radio-or chemotherapy. Eight to fifteen months after operation, 8 cases found recurred nodules on the original resected sites or cervical lymph nodes, but did not get repeated biopsy. All follow-up time was from 23 to 54 months.

CONCLUSIONSMost salivary MALT lymphomas are arising from parotid glands. Most patients do not have the symptoms of the Sjogren's syndrome. The final diagnosis depends on the pathological findings, the number and distribution of monocytoid B cells and clusters of plasmacytoid cells are hints for diagnosis of salivary MALT lymphomas, invasion of blood vessels or nerve also help for malignant diagnosis. t(11;18) and trisomy 18 may be the main chromosomal abnormalities in salivary gland MALT lymphomas, but with low morbidity. This genetic characteristic may connect with the low malignancy and slow progression in biological behavior.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone ; genetics ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Salivary Gland Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Translocation, Genetic