Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Breast ; pathology ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Cyclophosphamide ; therapeutic use ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Doxorubicin ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prednisone ; therapeutic use ; Sarcoma ; pathology ; Spleen ; pathology ; Splenic Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Vincristine ; therapeutic use

Objective To investigate the criteria for assessing the clinical therapeutic effect of chronic urticaria in China.Methods The application of criteria for assessing the clinical therapeutic effect of chronic urticaria in China and their applicable scope were analyzed by frequency analysis and K-means clustering analysis, respectively.Results The criteria for assessing symptoms and therapeutic effect were different in the 857 papers included in this study. SSRI was used in 549 (64.17) out of the 857 papers included in this study.K-means clustering analysis showed that the applicable scope of SSRI with curative rate ( 100%≥SSRI>90%) , improvement rate ( 90%≥SSR<60%) , Significant effect rate (60%≥SSRI>20%) , and no response rate (20%≥SSR≥0%) as its criteria was wider than that of frequency analysis.Conclusion The criteria for the clinical assessment of chronic urticaria and its drug treatment effect should be unified and standardized.

Adult ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; metabolism ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Cyclophosphamide ; therapeutic use ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Doxorubicin ; therapeutic use ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Leukocyte Common Antigens ; metabolism ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Mucin-1 ; metabolism ; Prednisone ; therapeutic use ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; metabolism ; Vincristine ; therapeutic use

Objective To identify the important risk factors for type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and develop effective strategies to address the problem of T2DM.Our study aimed to evaluate the association between apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genetic polymorphism and type 2 diabetes,and to provide clues for the etiology of T2DM.Methods Based on the criteria of inclusion and exclusion,we extracted,pooled,analyzed and assessed the case-control studies of ApoE polymorphism and T2DM published in PubMed,Web of Science,Medline,WanFang,VIP,and CNKI databases by R soft-ware (version 3.4.3).We used Random-effect models when heterogeneity was present in between-study,and fixed-effect models otherwise.Results We had 59 studies covering 6,872 cases with T2DM and 8,250 controls,and compared the alleles and genotypes of ApoE between cases and controls.When we conducted a comparison between ApoE ε4 and ε3 alleles,we produced a pooled OR of 1.18 (95％ CI:1.09-1.28;P ＜ 0.001).ApoE ε2/ε2 genotype displayed a possible association with T2DM (OR =1.46;95％ CI:1.11-1.93;P =0.007),ε3/ε4 genotype showed a 1.11-fold risk (OR =1.11;95％ CI:1.01-1.22;P =0.039) and ε4/ε4 genotype had a 1.71-fold risk of developing T2DM (OR =1.71;95％ CI:1.33-2.19;P ＜ 0.001) when they were compared with ε3/ε3 genotype.Conclusions There is an association between ApoE polymorphism and T2DM:allele ε4 and genotypes (ε2/ε2,ε3/ε4,and ε4/ε4) are associated with the increased risk for the development of T2DM,and they may be risk factors for T2DM.

Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is a common acute abdomen clinical problem characterized by high mortality, multiple complications, complicated pathogenesis and difficult treatment. Recent studies found traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)monomers have markedly good effect for treating SAP. Many TCM monomers can inhibit pancreatin, resist inflammation, improve microcirculation and immunoloregulation, etc. to block the pathological progress of SAP in multiple ways, reduce complications and lower mortality with rapid effects. It is significant for enhancing SAP treatment to deeply understand the current situation in TCM monomers for treating SAP and take precious references therein. This article summarizes the treating effects and mechanisms of TCM monomers for SAP in recent years.

OBJECTIVETo explore roles of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and nuclear factor (NF) -KB in expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in rat alveolar macrophages induced by high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1 ).

METHODSPrimary rat alveolar macrophages (PRAMs) cultured in vitro were incubated with PD98059 ( inhibitor against ERK), SB203580 (inhibitor against p38 MAPK) , PDTC (inhibitor against NF-kappaB), or PD98059 plus SB203580 for 2 hours, respectively. HMGB1 was added into the cultures and incubated with cells for 6 hours. Total RNA of PRAMs was extracted and iNOS mRNA expression was semi-quantified with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR). Greiss reaction was applied to determine nitrite/nitrate (NO2-/NO3- ) concentration in PRAMs culture supernatants.

RESULTSExpression of iNOS mRNA and NO production in PRAMs culture supernatants were down-regulated by inhibition of ERK or p38 MAPK by PD98059 or SB203580, respectively (P <0. 05). Moreover, inhibition of iNOS expression and NO production was observed after simultaneous pretreatment with PD98059 and SB203580 (P < 0. 05). Expression of iNOS mRNA in PRAMs and NO production in PRAMs culture supernatants were down-regulated by inhibition of NF-kappaB by PDTC (P <0. 05).

CONCLUSIONCellular signal molecules of ERK, p38 MAPK, and NF-kappaB all participate in the expression of iNOS and NO production in PRAMs induced by HMGB1.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; physiology ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; HMGB1 Protein ; pharmacology ; Imidazoles ; pharmacology ; Macrophages, Alveolar ; metabolism ; Male ; NF-kappa B ; antagonists & inhibitors ; physiology ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; biosynthesis ; Proline ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Pyridines ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction ; Thiocarbamates ; pharmacology ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo describe the clinicopathologic features and immunophenotypes of carcinoid tumorlets in the lung with bronchiectasis, and to study the morphogenesis of these tiny tumors.

METHODSThe histopathologic characteristics of 3 bronchiectasis cases with carcinoid tumorlets, 11 bronchiectasis and 2 normal lungs were studied. Specific markers of the tiny tumors and the number of neuroendocrine cells (NECs) in the airway mucosa were immunohistochemically detected by EnVision method.

RESULTSThe tumorlets in the lungs presented as multi-focal nodules and most were displayed only under microscopy. These cells were arranged in clusters and foci of fascicles which were situated in the surrounding bronchial wall and bronchioles adjacent to bronchiectatic lesion, or in the scar tissues. The tiny tumors were consisted of short fusiform cells and small ovoid cells. Their nuclei were circular, oval or long fusiform and the cells were strongly argyrophilic on Grimelius staining. Intensive positive immunostaining for calcitonin, chromogranin A, NSE and gastrin were detected. Weak positive for CK, EMA, S-100 and focal positive for HC, ACTH, 5-HT were also observed. Proliferative NECs in airway mucosa adjacent to the tiny tumors increased significantly in number, compared with those in the airway mucosa of bronchiectasis without tumorlets and normal lungs (P < 0.001, respectively).

CONCLUSIONSThe clinicopathologic features and immunophenotypes of carcinoid tumorlets resemble carcinoid tumors. They are the early stage of carcinoid development. Their development may be related to the chronic pulmonary damage resulting in hypoxia and stimulating the proliferation of NECs. These pulmonary carcinoid tumorlets can be used as a model to study the tumorigenesis of carcinoid carcinoma of the lung.

Adult ; Aged ; Bronchiectasis ; pathology ; Carcinoid Tumor ; chemistry ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung Neoplasms ; chemistry ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Morphogenesis ; Neurosecretory Systems ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the feasibility of detecting cyclin D1 protein expression and t(11;14) chromosomal translocation in paraffin-embedded tissues and its diagnostic and differential diagnostic significance for mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).

METHODSParaffin-embedded samples of 36 cases of MCL and a control group of 71 cases of small B-cell lymphomas were retrieved from archive materials. Immunohistochemical staining for cyclin D1 and semi-nested PCR for t(11;14) were detected in all samples. House-keeping gene beta-actin was used to detect the quality of DNA.

RESULTS(1) Cyclin D1 was expressed in 26 of the 36 MCL (72.2%). There was no cyclin D1 expression in the control group. (2) beta-actin DNA was detected in 101 of the 107 tumor cases (94.4%). t(11;14) was detected in 22 of the 36 MCL. Translocation was not found in control group. The positive rate for t(11;14) was 64.7% in MCL after exclusion of 2 cases which were negative for both t(11;14) and beta-actin. (3) 29 cases were positive for cyclin D1 and/or t(11;14), the positive rate reached 80.5%.

CONCLUSIONThe combined detection of cyclin D1 and t(11;14) in paraffin-embedded tissues is found to be a specific and feasible method for diagnosis and differential diagnosis of mantle cell lymphoma.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14 ; Cyclin D1 ; analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell ; chemistry ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Paraffin Embedding ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Translocation, Genetic

OBJECTIVETo investigate the difference of the prevalence of t(11;18)(q21;q21)/API2-MALT1 fusion gene between gastrointestinal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma and diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL).

METHODSA total of 57 cases gastrointestinal MALT lymphomas (38 gastric and 19 intestinal lymphomas), 32 DLBCL (28 gastric and 4 intestinal lymphomas) and 7 cases gastric DLBCL accompanied MALT lymphoma were collected from the Cancer Hospital of Fudan University. API2-MALT1 fusion gene was detected by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) using both dual fusion translocation and break apart probes.

RESULTSAmong gastrointestinal MALT lymphomas, API2-MALT1 fusion gene was found in 12 of 57 cases (21.1%, 10 gastric and 2 intestinal lymphomas). In contrast, the fusion gene was not found in all 32 DLBCL and 7 gastric DLBCL with MALT lymphoma component. There was statistical significant difference between two groups (chi(2) = 9.383, P = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONSAPI2-MALT1 fusion gene is a distinctive genetic aberration in MALT lymphomas, and is not present in DLBCL. The findings suggest that gastrointestinal tract MALT lymphomas with API2-MALT1 fusion gene may not transform into DLBCL, which may represent primary lymphoma or transformed API2-MALT1 negative MALT lymphomas.

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18 ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone ; genetics ; metabolism ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; genetics ; metabolism ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion ; genetics ; metabolism ; Translocation, Genetic

OBJECTIVETo study the clinicopathologic features and immunophenotype of centrally necrotizing carcinoma (CNC) of breast; and to study its relationship with basal-like breast cancer.

METHODSThe clinical and pathologic characteristics of 35 cases of CNC were analyzed. Immunohistochemical study for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, HER2, CK8/18, 34betaE12, CK5/6, CK14, CK17, smooth muscle actin, p63, vimentin and epidermal growth factor receptor was performed using EnVision method. The surival information of 10 case were obtained.

RESULTSThe age of patients with CNC ranged from 30 to 82 years (mean = 54.2 years). Macroscopically, all tumors were relatively circumscribed, with a mean diameter of 2.4 cm. Histologically, there was a prominent central, necrotic or acellular zone surrounded by a narrow rim of viable tumor cells. The central necrotic foci had the following morphologic patterns: (1) coagulative tumor necrosis associated with various degree of fibrosis or hyaline degeneration (24 cases), (2) predominance of fibrous and scar tissue, with small amount of necrotic debris (8 cases), and (3) infarction (3 cases). The peripheral zone of tumor cells showed features of grade 3 invasive ductal carcinoma in 32 cases and grade 2 in 3 cases. Twenty cases of CNC were associated with ductal carcinoma in-situ. A component of invasive micropapillary carcinoma was identified in 5 cases. Peripheral lymphocytic infiltrates were seen in 17 cases. Immunohistochemical study of 31 cases showed that the expression rate of basal-like markers (83.9%, 26 cases) was higher than that of myoepithelial markers (38.7%, 12 cases). The percentage of basal-like subtype (64.5%, 20 cases) was higher than luminal-A (9.7%, 3 cases), luminal-B (9.7%, 3 cases), HER2 over-expression (12.9%, 4 cases) and null (3.2%, 1 case) subtypes. In 20 cases of basal-like carcinoma, the expression ratio of CK5/6 was highest amongst basal-like markers (18 cases), the other markers ratios of CK17, CK14 and epidermal growth factor receptor were 8/10, 14/19 and 8/16, respectively. Follow-up data were available in 10 patients. The follow-up duration ranged from 15 to 42 months (mean = 21.5 months). The median disease-free and overall survivals were 14.0 and 18.0 months, respectively. Disease progression (as defined by the presence of recurrence, metastasis or tumor-related death) occurred in 9 patients. The mean and median time to disease progression was 16.6 and 13.0 months, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSCNC is a rare subtype of breast carcinoma and has distinctive, easily discernible morphologic features. The majority of CNC exhibits basal-like immunophenotype and carries a poor prognosis. CNC is the typical representative of basal-like breast cancer.

Actins ; metabolism ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma in Situ ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Keratin-14 ; metabolism ; Keratin-5 ; metabolism ; Lung Neoplasms ; secondary ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Mastectomy ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Necrosis ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Survival Rate