Three infant staple food sprays were studied. Preparation A contained 17.5% cow's milk powder, preparations B and C contained 30% and 26% soybean powder respectively, preparations A and B both contained 22% cane sugar; while C was without cane sugar. Other components in these 3 sprays were mainly rice powder and a little amount of soybean oil and whole egg powder. 3 preparations were fed to 3 groups of male weaning rats for 4 weeks. As indicated by parameters such as body weights gained, FE, CE and PER, preparation C had a significantly higher value than A and B. A and B got a practically similar results. Those effects were also true in a repletion test. The BV and nitrogen balance values were similar among these 3 preparations. There was no prominent effect on serum osmotic pressure in rats fed 22% cane sugar for 4 weeks, but had a lower caloric utilization in group A and B as compared with group C

Poly(β-amino esters) (PBAE) are used for drug carrier and have many advantages, such as pH-sensitivity, low toxicity, structural diversity and the synthetic method of PBAE is easy. Therefore they are possessed broad application prospect in tumor-targeted drugs delivery systems. In this paper, the structural features and target drugs delivery property of PBAE are reviewed. The application forms of PBAE and different anti-cancer drugs loaded in the copolymer for tumor-targeted drugs delivery systems are introduced particularly.
Antineoplastic Agents ; chemistry ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Esters ; chemistry ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Polymers

Objective To study the inhibition effects of antibacterial proteins from Musca domestica larvae on JEC and A375 tumour cells. Methods Antibacterial proteins with concentrations of 0.02%,0.1%,0.5%,2.5% and 12.5% were supplied in the culture of JEC and A375 tumour cells in vitro.The cell cycles and apoptosis of JEC and A375 tumour cells were detected by flow cytometry,and the apoptosis index(AI) was measured.The morphology of apoptotic cells was observed with HE stainings and AO staining.The culture without antibacterial proteins was served as control. ResultsThe ratio of apoptosis index/proliferation index(AI/PI) of JEC cells increased with the concentration of antibacterial proteins.The PI and apoptosis rate of 2.5% antibacterial proteins group and 12.5% antibacterial proteins group significantly increased,and G0/G1 significantly decreased.For A375 cells,there were significant differences in G2/M, S,G0/G1,G2/M,AI/PI and PI between 12.5% antibacterial proteins group and control group(P

OBJECTIVETo assess the recovery of the reproductive endocrine function in rats following orthotopic transplantation of fetal ovarian allograft.

METHODSNinety female SD rats (50-60 days old) were randomized into graft recipient group (n=50), positive control group (n=20), and negative control group (n=20) to receive orthotopic transplantation of fetal (17-19 gestational days) ovaries following bilateral oophorectomy, sham abdominal surgery, and bilateral oophorectomy, respectively. At 45 days after the surgeries, serum estradiol and progesterone levels were measured and the ovaries were removed for evaluation of the ovarian volume and follicle development.

RESULTSOn day 45 after the operations, the estradiol or progesterone levels showed no significant difference between the recipient group and positive control group (P>0.05), but both were significantly lowered in the negative control group (P<0.05). The ovarian volume was comparable between the recipient group and positive control group (P>0.05), and optical microscopy showed follicles in different stages of development and formation of corpus luteum in the ovaries in both groups.

CONCLUSIONFetal rat ovary allografts can develop into functional ovaries capable of ovulation to restore the reproductive endocrine function of recipient female rats.

Animals ; Estradiol ; blood ; Female ; Fetus ; Ovariectomy ; Ovary ; physiology ; transplantation ; Ovulation ; physiology ; Pregnancy ; Progesterone ; blood ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transplantation, Homologous

OBJECTIVETo study the characteristics of cationic polymers polyethylenimine-β-cyclodextrin (PEI-CyD), polyethylenimine-poly-(3-hydroxypropyl)-aspartamide (PEI-PHPA), N,N-Dimethyldipropylenetriamine-Bis(3-aminopropyl)amine-aspartamide (PEE-PHPA) in vitro and in vivo.

METHODSPEI-PHPA, PEI-CyD and PEE-PHPA were synthesized and the chemistry structure of PEI-PHPA, PEI-CyD and PEE-PHPA was confirmed by (1)H-NMR. The particle size and zeta potential of these polymers were measured, and capacity of plasmid DNA condensation was tested. The inhibition of COS-7, A549, HEK293 and C6 cells was measured by MTT assay. The transfection efficiency was determined in HEK293 cell lines. The toxicity, tissue distribution and transfection efficiency of cationic polymers were tested in vivo.

RESULTSWhen the N/P of polymers/DNA at 30, the particle sizes were close 250 nm and the zeta-potential were near 35 mv. They were able to condense DNA at N/P ratio < 5. The MTT assay showed that the IC(50) of PEE-PHPA was 21.5, 20.2, 7.30 and 37.1 μg/ml, and that of PEI25kD was 15.8, 18.3, 11.4 and 36.7 μg/ml in C6, COS-7, A549 and HEK293cell lines, respectively. The cell viability of PEI-CyD and PEI-PHPA in above cell lines was over 60%. They had high transfection efficiency in HEK293 cell lines. The LD(50) of PEI25Kd, PEI-CyD, PEI-PHPA and PEE-PHPA in vivo was 19.50, 100.4, 521.2 and 630.0, respectively by intraperitoneal (ip) injection. The contractions of these polymers were higher in kidney than in other organs and tissues.PEE-PHPA had slight effect on kidney and liver function.

CONCLUSIONPEE and PEI25kD have higher transfection efficiency and higher toxicity; while PC and PHPA-PEI have lower toxicity and higher transfection efficiency to be used as non-viral gene vector.

Cations ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Polyethyleneimine ; Polymers ; Transfection ; beta-Cyclodextrins

OBJECTIVETo study the protein expression pattern of DNA mismatch repair genes hMSH(2), hMLH(1) and the microsatellite instability (MSI) status in the tumor tissue from hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer in the Chinese.

METHODSFifty-eight families fulfilling different clinical criteria including Amsterdam Criteria (AC) (22/24 families, 38 tumors), Japanese Criteria (JC) (12/15 families, 16 tumors) and Bethesda Guidelines (BG) (12/19 patients, 13 tumors) were studied. Monoclonal antibodies against hMSH(2), hMLH(1) proteins and a panel of microsatellite markers (5 loci) including BAT26, BAT25, D2S123, D5S346 and D17S250 were used for study.

RESULTSMSI-H was identified in all 22 (100%) AC tumors, with 81.8% (18/22) showing altered hMSH(2) or hMLH(1) expression; in 14/15 (93.8%) JC cancer, 1/1 (100%) JC adenoma, with 45.5% (5/11) showing altered hMSH(2) or hMLH(1) expression; and in 7/13 (53.8%) BG tumors, with 4/7 showing loss of hMSH(2) or hMLH(1) gene expression.

CONCLUSIONThe frequency of MSI-H and loss of mismatch repair protein are different in the families fulfilling different clinical criteria. Amsterdam Criteria and Japanese Criteria are the two most useful criterion systems for identifying mismatched repair defective tumors. However, Bethesda Guidelines should also be used for detecting more such tumors. The combination of immunohistochemical methods and microsatellite instability analysis is an effective strategy to detect the mismatch repair defective tumors. A close correlation does exist between hMSH(2), hMLH(1) protein expression pattern and MSI status.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Base Pair Mismatch ; Carrier Proteins ; Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis ; genetics ; DNA Repair ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Microsatellite Repeats ; MutL Protein Homolog 1 ; MutS Homolog 2 Protein ; Neoplasm Proteins ; genetics ; Nuclear Proteins ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; genetics

BACKGROUNDAlthough low-molecular-weight heparin has replaced unfractionated heparin to become the primary anticoagulation drug for treatment of acute coronary syndrome, there is no convenient bedside monitoring method. We explored the best laboratory monitoring method of low-molecular-weight heparins (enoxaparin, dalteparin, and nadroparin) by use of the Sonoclot coagulation analyzer to monitor the activated clotting time.

METHODSA total of 20 healthy volunteers were selected and 15 ml of fasting venous blood samples were collected and incubated. Four coagulants, kaolin, diatomite, glass bead, and magnetic stick, were used to determine the activated clotting time of the low-molecular-weight heparins at different in vitro anti-Xa factor concentrations. A correlation analysis was made to obtain the regression equation. The activated clotting time of the different low-molecular-weight heparins with the same anti-Xa factor concentration was monitored when the coagulant glass beads were applied.

RESULTSThe activated clotting time measured using the glass beads, diatomite, kaolin, and magnetic stick showed a linear correlation with the concentration of nadroparin (r = 0.964, 0.966, 0.970, and 0.947, respectively). The regression equation showed that the linear slopes of different coagulants were significantly different (glass beads 230.03 s/IU, diatomite 89.91 s/IU, kaolin 50.87 s/IU, magnetic stick could not be calculated). When the concentration of the anti-Xa factor was the same for different low-molecular-weight heparins, the measured activated clotting time was different after the application of the glass bead coagulant.

CONCLUSIONSThe glass bead coagulant is most feasible for monitoring the in vitro anticoagulation activity of nadroparin. The different effects of different low-molecular-weight heparins on the activated clotting time may be related to the different anti-IIa activities.

Adult ; Anticoagulants ; pharmacology ; Blood Coagulation ; drug effects ; Blood Coagulation Tests ; Coagulants ; pharmacology ; Female ; Glass ; Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Kaolin ; pharmacology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nadroparin ; pharmacology

This case report we presented aims to report a-31-year-old man with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) who developed myocardial infarction (MI) and also aims to discuss the possible mechanisms. The results showed that traditional risk factors alone do not cause coronary heart disease with SLE, and SLE-related factors influence the atherogenic process. We found that although SLE patients with acute MI benefit from percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) therapy, it is very important to choose the reasonable antithrombotic strategies in patients with SLE and APS undergoing PCI who require oral anticoagulant therapy.
Adult ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Antiphospholipid Syndrome ; complications ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; complications ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction ; etiology ; therapy

BACKGROUNDMolecular hydrogen, as a novel antioxidant, has been proven effective in treating many diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of hydrogen saturated saline in treatment of a rat model of diabetes mellitus and a rat model of insulin resistant.

METHODSA rat diabetes mellitus model was established by feeding a high fat/high carbohydrate diet followed by injection of a small dose of streptozotocin, and an insulin resistant model was induced with a high glucose and high fat diet. Hydrogen saturated saline was administered to rats with both models conditions on a daily basis for eight weeks. A pioglitazone-treated group and normal saline-treated group served as positive and negative controls. The general condition, body weight, blood glucose, blood lipids, and serum insulin levels of rats were examined at the 8th week after treatment. The oxidative stress indices, including serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were also evaluated after eight weeks of treatment using the commercial kits.

RESULTSHydrogen saturated saline showed great efficiency in improving the insulin sensitivity and lowering blood glucose and lipids. Meanwhile, the therapeutic effects of hydrogen saturated saline were superior to those of pioglitazone. Hydrogen saturated saline markedly attenuated the MDA level and elevated the levels of antioxidants SOD and GSH.

CONCLUSIONHydrogen saturated saline may improve the insulin resistance and alleviate the symptoms of diabetes mellitus by reducing the oxidative stress and enhancing the anti-oxidant system.

Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; drug therapy ; Hydrogen ; therapeutic use ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Insulin Resistance ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Rats ; Sodium Chloride ; chemistry ; Thiazolidinediones ; therapeutic use

Animals ; Breath Tests ; methods ; Carbon Isotopes ; Carbon Tetrachloride ; Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Liver Function Tests ; methods ; Male ; Phenylalanine ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley