Objective To present a method to treat soft tissue defects with bone exposure after the distal tihial fracture.Methods Twenty-six patients who had suffered from the distal tibial fracture complications leading to exposure of the bone or fixation material sought medical help in our department.The internal fixation material was removed and radical revision of dead and infected tissue was carried out in all cases.Five of the 26 cases were treated using a free microvascular muscle flap and the mesh skin graft by one stage.Twenty-one of them were re- paired with the same method by two-stage.Results Follow-ups were 10 to 24 months.The microvascular re- construction was successful in 22 patients.Two of the 26 cases had partial necroses of the skin graft,and the other two cases had delayed wound healing.All the fractures united.Conclusion Microvascular free muscle flap re- construction of the leg is regarded as a reliable method to treat legs with massive soft-tissue defects or defects with bone exposure and chronic infection or fistulation at the distal leg.

Objective To study the diagnostic and prognostic values by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and computed tomography(CT) for investigation of infantile spasms(IS).Methods Fourty-two patients with IS were retrospectively reviewed by CT scan and MRI T1W,T2W and inversion recovery (IR) and MRA techniques.Results Fourteen cases were found abnormal in CT,including encephalatrophy,hemorrhage,gross malformation and lesions with underlying calcification;MRI studies of 24/28 cases showed that MRI was the most appropriate imaging technique in diagnosis of the underlying substrate of patients with IS and other epilepsies,particularly in periventricular leuko malacia(PL),delayedmyelination(DM),hypxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE),kernicterus,tuberous sclerosis(TS),hippocampal sclerosis(HS),brainstematrophy,heterotopia,corpus callosum and vascular malformation,et al.MRI was also valuable for determining the prognoses of IS,but it should be combined with the clinical symptom and ages. Conclusions MRI and CT are highly important for the investigation and treatment of patients with IS; MRI is much more sensitive to exploration of neuropathology of infatile spasms,such as PL,DM,HIE,kernicteus,HS,heterotopias and focally cortical dysplasia.

Migraine headache causes significant burdens for both the individual and society.The pathogenesis of migraine is incompletely understood until now.The clinical therapies mainly include medical treatment,surgical treatment,behavior therapy,acupuncture and so on.However,drug treatment could only relieve symptom temporary and bring many side effects for long term use including nausea,vomiting.Surgical therapy maybe becomes an efficient method for migraine headache.The authors have reviewed the pathogenesis of migraine,anatomical basis for surgical therapy and clinical application in this article.

Sixteen compounds were isolated from the aerial parts of Euphorbia sikkimensis by means of various chromatographic techniques such as silica gel, Sephades LH-20 and RP-18, and their structures were elucidated as naringenin (1), kaempferol (2), quercetin (3), kaempferol-3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (4), quercetin-3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (5), quercetin-3-O-(2"-galloyl)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (6), 5alpha, 8alpha-epidioxy-(22E, 24R)-ergosta-6,22-dien-3beta-ol (7), stigmast-5-ene-7-one-3beta-ol (8), 3beta-hydroxy4a, 14alpha-dimethyl-5alpha-ergosta-8, 24(28)-dien-7-one(9), beta-sitosterol (10) , 10-cucurbitadienol( 1) , scopoletin(12) , ethyl gallate(13), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (14), 3 betahydroxybenzeneethanol( 15) ,and 2,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-acetophenone (16) on the basis of spectroscopic data analysis. All the compounds are isolated from this plant for the first time, and compounds 1, 4-8, 15 are obtained from Euphorbia species for the first time.
Chromatography ; Euphorbia ; chemistry ; Organic Chemicals ; analysis ; isolation & purification

ObjectiveTo investigate the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on 6q in bladder tumor.MethodsD6S404 and D6434 microsatellite markers near 6q21 were tested by PCR-SSLP-stain method on tumor DNA from 31 cases of bladder tumor.ResultsAmong these 31 cases of bladder tumor,LOH was detected in tumor tissues on site for D6S404 (35.5%) and D6S434(22.6%).ConclusionOne or more tumor suppressor gene near 6q21 maybe relevant for the development of bladder tumor.

Objective:To observe the effect of moxibustion on T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of rats with gastric cancer. Methods:Sixty healthy Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were adaptively fed for one week. By the random number table method, 10 rats were randomly selected as a blank group, and 12 rats were randomly selected to simulate the tumor transplantation process; after transplantation, 10 rats were randomly selected as a sham operation group. The remaining 38 rats were used to prepare gastric cancer models by gastric transplantation of the Walker-256 tumor tissue; 8 rats were randomly selected to verify the successful modeling after 7 d; the remaining 30 rats were randomly divided into a model group, a moxibustion group and an infrared group by the random number table method, with 10 rats in each group. From the first day of enrollment, the rats in the moxibustion group received mild moxibustion at Zhongwan (CV 12), Guanyuan (CV 4) and bilateral Zusanli (ST 36) (the first group) and bilateral Pishu (BL 20) and Weishu (BL 21) (the second group), and the two groups of acupoints were alternated every other day. The rats in the infrared group received infrared radiation on the stomach area and the area on the back between the T12-T13 spinous processes, the two areas were alternated every other day. Rats in the moxibustion group and the infrared group were treated for 20 min each time, once a day for 21 d. Rats in the blank group, the sham operation group, and the model group were simultaneously grasped and fixed, and no other treatment was performed. After 21 d of intervention, the rats in each group were fasted for 12 h, and blood was collected from the orbits. The numbers of CD3+, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+ T lymphocytes in peripheral blood were determined by flow cytometry, and the ratio of CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+ was calculated. The rats were sacrificed and the thymus was dissected under sterile conditions to calculate the thymus index. Results:Compared with the blank group, the thymus index, peripheral blood CD3+, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+ and CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+ ratio in the sham operation group did not change significantly (allP>0.05). Compared with the blank group, the thymus index of the model group was increased (P<0.05), the CD3+ and CD3+CD8+ T lymphocytes were increased (bothP<0.01), and the CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+ ratio was decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the thymus index of the moxibustion group was increased (P<0.01), and CD3+, CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ T lymphocytes and the ratio of CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+ in peripheral blood were increased (allP<0.05). Compared with the infrared group, the thymus index of the moxibustion group was significantly increased (P<0.05), the CD3+ and CD3+CD4+ T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood were significantly increased (bothP<0.01), and the CD3+CD8+ was increased (P<0.05). Conclusion:Moxibustion can significantly increase the thymus index of gastric cancer-bearing rats and activate CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ T lymphocytes in peripheral blood.

Objective: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at Huantiao (GB 30) and Weizhong (BL 40) on thigmesthesia, gait function, and expression levels of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) in rabbits with lumbar intervertebral disc herniation (LIDH). Methods: Forty healthy New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into a blank control group, a model group, an EA at acupoint group and an EA at non-acupoint group, with 10 rabbits in each group. The LIDH pathological model of rabbit was established using the self-made LIDH model maker. The thigmesthesia and gait function of rabbits were recorded by Siegal method. The serum IgG and IgM expression levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: EA at Huantiao (GB 30) and Weizhong (BL 40) could improve the clinical symptoms of thigmesthesia and gait function, and inhibit the expressions of serum IgG and IgM in the LIDH rabbits, which were significantly different compared with those in the model group and EA at non-acupoint group. Conclusion: EA at Huantiao (GB 30) and Weizhong (BL 40) can improve the clinical symptoms of LIDH rabbits, which is associated with inhibition of the serum IgG and IgM expressions and reduction of the immunoinflammatory factor release. This may be one of the mechanisms of EA at Huantiao (GB 30) and Weizhong (BL 40) in the treatment of LIDH.

OBJECTIVETo study effects of different interval year on Panax notoginseng plant soils middle and micro element content.

METHODThe dynamic change of Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu, Zn, B from Mabai, Matang, Gumu and Panlong were determined under different planting patterns (new soil, interval 5 years soil and continuous cropping soil).

RESULTAll the micro elements (except Ca, Mg) of interval 5 years soil and continuous cropping soil were significantly higher than those of new soil. All the middle and micro elements (except B) of interval 5 years soil were significantly higher than those of the continuous cropping soil. Planting patterns had remarkable influence on the content of Mn, Cu, B, but not Zn Ca, Mg. Cu, Ca under the 3 planting patterns, and Zn under the continuous cropping pattern did not show significant quarter changes. B content increased with the elongation of implantation time. Zn in new soil and interval 5 years also increased with prolonging of planted time. Mg, Mn and Cu content reached to peak value on April next year, and reached to minimum on the end of this experiment. Compared with new soil, the proportion of Mn, Cu in total elements increased by 29%, 114%, Mg, B decreased by 18%, 38%, Zn and Ca changed slightly of interval 5 years soils; In continuous cropping soil, Mn, Cu and B increased by 50%, 120%, 22%, respectively, but Zn, Ca, Mg had no significant change.

CONCLUSIONContinuous cropping pattern could not induce the deficient of soil middle and micro elements, and thereafter might not result in continuous cropping obstacles. But the imbalance proportional of soil middle and micro elements in P. notoginseng plant soils may be one of the main reasons for continuous cropping obstacles.

China ; Kinetics ; Panax notoginseng ; growth & development ; Soil ; chemistry ; Time Factors ; Trace Elements ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study effects of different interval year on Panax notoginseng plant soils macro element content.

METHODThe dynamic change of total N, P, K and available N, P, K in soil from Mabai, Matang, Gumu and Panlong was determined under different planting patterns (new soil, interval 5 years soil and continuous cropping soil).

RESULTContents order of soil total N, P and available N, P were interval 5 years soil > continuous cropping soil > new soil. No significant quarter change on soil total N was found, but the other three showed inverted "v" curve, and the peak value appeared on April 2010. Content of soil total K did not change significantly, but the available K content order was new soil > continuous cropping soil > interval 5 years soil, the quarter change was similar as soil available N or P. The soil total N, P, K and available N, P, K were different of the 4 monitoring sites under the 3 interval planting modes. There was a significant correlation between soil total P and available P under all these 3 interval planting modes, but N and K. The propitiation of N-P-K of new soil, interval 5 years soil and continuous cropping soil were 1: 0.4: 2.4, 1: 0.4:1.4, 1:0. 4:2.0, respectively.

CONCLUSIONContinuous cropping pattern induce the accumulation of P, but deficient of K. The imbalance proportion of N, P and K was one of the incentives of continuous cropping induced obstacles. Strengthen the research of optimum proportion of soil N, P and K, and then eliminate continuous cropping obstacles by means of formulated fertilization is the future research direction.

Agriculture ; methods ; Breeding ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Fertilizers ; analysis ; Nitrogen ; analysis ; metabolism ; Panax notoginseng ; chemistry ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Phosphorus ; analysis ; metabolism ; Potassium ; analysis ; metabolism ; Quality Control ; Soil ; chemistry

OBJECTIVEIn order to improve the irrigation for Panax notginseng growing seedlings, different mulching ways were carried out to investigate the effects of double mulching.

METHODField experiment was applied to study soil moisture, soil temperature and bulk density of different mulching ways while the germination rate and seedlings growth also were investigated.

RESULTCompared with the traditional single mulching with pine leaves or straw, double mulching using plastic film combined with pine leaves or straw could reduce 2/3 volumes of irrigation at the early seedling time Double mulching treatments didn't need to irrigate for 40 days from seeding to germination, and kept soil moisture and temperature steady at whole seedling time about 30% and 9.0-16.6 degrees C, respectively. The steady soil moisture and temperature benefited to resist late spring cold and germinate earlier while kept germination regularly, higher rate and seedlings quality. In contrast, single mulching using pine leaves or straw had poor soil moisture and temperature preserving, needed to irrigate every 12-day, meanwhile dropped the germination and booming time 14 days and 24-26 days, respectively, reduced germination rate about 11.3%-8.7%. However, single pine leaves mulching was better than straw mulching. In addition, though better effects of soil moisture and temperature preserving as well as earlier and higher rate of germination with single plastic films mulching had, some disadvantages had also been observed, such as daily soil temperature changed greatly, seedling bed soil hardened easily, more moss and weeds resulted difficulty in later management.

CONCLUSIONTo the purpose of saving water and labor as well as getting higher germination rate and seedlings quality, double mulching using plastic films combined pine leaves at the early time and single mulching removing plastic films at the later time is suggested to apply in the growing seedlings of P. notoginseng.

Agriculture ; methods ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Fertilizers ; analysis ; Panax notoginseng ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Quality Control ; Seedlings ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Soil ; chemistry