Objective To study the feasibility and indication of liver injury in children treated nonoperatively.Methods Ninteen(cases) with liver injury who underwent nonoperative management(NOM) were analyzed retrospectively.Patients with obvious trauma were reviewed.The main cause of trauma was due to traffic accident.Eleven cases(57.9%) had subcapsular hematoma and 8 cases(42.1%)had intrapararenchymatous hematoma.The treatment procedure included blood transfusion,hemostasis and monitoring the hemodynamic parameters.Results Seventeen cases(89.5%)were cured nonoperatively;2 cases underwent the operation later.Followed up for 10-24 months,patients were well recovered.Conclusions Most of cases with liver injury in children can be cured by NOM due to the physicalogical and anatomic features of children.During treatment,it is very important for the doctors to observe the vital signs closely,and(mana)-ge the combined injuries effectively and take regular imaging measurement.

Objective To explore the application of particle-gun technique in transfecting dendritic cells(DCs),and investigate the expression of DNA vaccine particle IgHV1-GM-CSF in DCs induced by particle-gun.Methods Monocytes were isolated from donor peripheral blood collected by Ficoll density gradient method and adherent culture,and then differentiated into immature DCs(imDCs) by rhGM-CSF and rhlL-4 induction.The plasmids for transfection were IgHV1-GM-CSF/pcDNA3.0 and pEGFP,which were prepared with endofree plasmid purification kit.The DCs were transfected with plasmid pEGFP by particle-gun at different transfection conditions,the green fluorescence positive cell and the total cell numbers were counted respectively under fluorescence microscope,and the transfection efficiency was calculated;the viable cell count was performed after trypan blue staining;the transfection efficiencies of particle-gun,liposome-mediated transfection and electroporation method were compared.The plasmids IgHV1-GM-CSF/pcDNA3.0 and pEGFP were cotransfected into imDCs by particle-gun under the optimum conditions,and then DNA was extracted,the expression of IgHV1-GM-CSF was determined by RT-PCR,and of GM-CSF by ELISA.Results The optimum conditions of particle-gun transfection in imDCs were: gas pressure at 120psi,PVP concentration in 0.02mg/ml,microcarrier loading in 0.5mg gold/shot,and DNA loading ratio in 1.5?g plasmid/mg gold.The transfection efficiencies of particle-gun and electroporation were 10.5%?2.4%(n=3) and 45.2%?5.6%(n=3) respectively,while that of liposome-mediated transfection was very low,and significant difference existed among the three methods(P

OBJECTIVETo discuss the effect of taurine (Tau) on the proliferation of hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and study whether the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signal pathway participated in the Tau-inhibited PASMC proliferation process and the possible molecular mechanism.

METHODThe primary culture was performed for PASMCs in rats. The second to fifth generations were adopted for the experiment. The Tau concentration was 80 mmol x L(-1). The concentration of ERK1/2 blocker (PD98059) was 50 micromol x L(-1). The drug administration time was 24 h. The effect of Tau on the PASMC proliferation was detected by MTT assay, immunofluorescence staining method and western blot under different conditions. The PASMCs were growing were divided into four groups: the normoxia group, the normoxia + Tau group, the hypoxia group and the hypoxia + Tau group. The Western blot was adopted to detect whether the ERK1/2 signal pathway participated in the Tau-inhibited PASMC proliferation process. Subsequently, the PASMCs were divided into five groups: the normoxia group, the hypoxia group, the hypoxia + Tau group, the hypoxia + Tau + PD98059 group and the hypoxia + PD98059 group.

RESULTHypoxia could induce the PASMC proliferation. Under the conditions of normoxia, Tau had no effect on the PASMC proliferation. Under the conditions of normoxia and hypoxia, Tau had no effect on the expression of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) among PASMCs. Tau could reverse the expression up-regulation of hypoxia-induced proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) (P < 0.01) and Cyclin A (Cyclin A) (P < 0. 05). Under the conditions of normoxia, Tau had no effect on the expression of phosphoryl extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2). Hypoxia could up-regulate the p-ERK1/2 expression (P < 0.01). Tau could reverse the up-regulation of the hypoxia-induced p-ERK1/2 expression(P < 0.01). Both PD98059 and Tau could inhibit the up-regulated expressions of PCNA, Cyclin A and p-ERK1/2. According to the comparison between the single addition of Tau and PD98059 under conditions of hypoxia, the hypoxia + Tau + PD98059 group showed more significant down-regulation in the expressions of PCNA, Cyclin A and p-ERK1/2.

CONCLUSIONTau could inhibit the hypoxia-induced PASMC proliferation, and may regulate it through ERK1/2 pathway.

Animals ; Cell Hypoxia ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; drug effects ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Oxygen ; metabolism ; Pulmonary Artery ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Taurine ; pharmacology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics ; metabolism

Drug-Eluting Stents ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Thrombosis ; etiology

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of cerebral white matter damage in premature rats induced by intrauterine infection.Methods30 mature pregnant Wistar-Imamichi rats were divided into the experimental group (n=18) and control group (n=12). The rats of the experimental group were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 0.2 mg/kg in abdomen on 15th and 16th day after gestation. Those of the control group were injected with distilled water in equal volume. 45 premature rats born in the experimental group and 45 full-term rats born in the control group were tested with RIA for interleukin-6 (IL-6). The brain tissues of another 47 premature rats and 41 full-term rats were stained with HE method. Finally water content in brain tissue were tested in 50 premature rats and 50 full-term rats.ResultsIL-6 concentration of brain tissue of the premature rats in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P<0.01); and water content of the premature rats' brain was also higher than that of the full-term rats ( P<0.01). The edema of periventricular white matter, loose neuropil, decreased cell numbers, broaden intercellular space, and cell swelling and rupture were found in the brain tissue of the premature rats, no abnormal form and structure were found in the control group.ConclusionWhite matter damage of premature rats can be caused by endotoxin, and accompanied by IL-6 and water contents increasing.

Objective To detect the epidemiologic features of pediatric patients with fall from height injury in an effort to provide a reference for prevention and scientific treatment.Methods Data of pediatric patients with fall from height injury treated from January 2011 to December 2012 were collected in the form of questionnaires.Epidemiologic features and relationship of associated factors were measured.Results Pediatric fall injury occurred very often in warmer season,namely on April and May,and in a day,it was more likely to happen when parents slacked at noon and night.Stairs and balconies were the most common sites of falls and head was most vulnerable to the injury.Falling height was the primary factor to the severity of injury.Conclusion To strengthen the protection reform in key areas,the supervision in peak time for falls and the care to children of the migrant workers can reduce fall injury in a certain extent.

Small molecule antibodies are naturally existed and well functioned but not structurally related to the conventional antibodies. They are only composed of heavy protein chains or light chains, much smaller than common antibody. The first small molecule antibody, called Nanobody was engineered from heavy-chain antibodies found in camelids. Cartilaginous fishes also have heavy-chain antibodies (IgNAR, "immunoglobulin new antigen receptor"), from which single-domain antibodies called Vnar fragments can be obtained. In addition, free light chain (FLC) antibodies in human bodies are being developed as therapeutic and diagnostic agents. Comparing to intact antibodies, common advantages of small molecule antibodies are with better solubility, tissue penetration, stability towards heat and enzymes, and comparatively low production costs. This article reviews the structural characteristics and mechanism of action of the Nanobody, IgNAR and FLC.
Animals ; Camelids, New World ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Light Chains ; chemistry ; immunology ; Receptors, Antigen ; immunology ; Sharks ; immunology ; Single-Chain Antibodies ; chemistry ; immunology ; therapeutic use ; Single-Domain Antibodies ; chemistry ; immunology ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo observe the efficacy of Chinese herbs for supplementing qi and activating blood circulation (CHSQABC) on patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) after successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

METHODSIn this ChiCTR-TRC-00000021, a total of 281 ACS patients complicated with type 2 DM after successful PCI were randomly assigned to the Western medicine treatment group (the control group, treated by routine Western medicine treatment) and the combined treatment group (the treatment group, treated by CHSQABC + routine Western medicine treatment). Patients in the combined treatment group took Xinyue Capsule (2 pills each time, 3 times per day) and Compound Chuanxiong Capsule (2 pills each time, 3 times per day for half a year and 1-year follow-ups). Primary endpoints covered incidence of death, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), ischemia-driven revascularization, and secondary endpoints included stroke, heart failure, and rehospitalization for ACS. At the same time scores for blood stasis syndrome (BSS) and the incidence of angina pectoris were evaluated before treatment, at month 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 after treatment.

RESULTSThe incidence of ischemia-driven revascularization was obviously less in the treatment group than in the control group (P < 0.05). No patient had nonfatal MI in the treatment group, while 5 patients in the control group had it. The incidence of non-fatal MI showed an obvious lowering tendency in the treatment group, but with no statistical difference when compared with that in the control group (P > 0.05). Four patients readmitted to hospital in the treatment group, while 12 patients readmitted. There existed obvious tendency in the treatment group, but with no statistical difference when compared with that in the control group (P > 0.05). The incidence of angina was significantly lower in the treatment group at month 6, 9, and 12 than that at month 1 , but it was lower in the control group at 9 months (P < 0.05). The incidence of angina was 15. 4% in the treatment group, obviously lower than that in the control group (26.2%, P < 0.05). Compared with before treatment, scores for BSS were obviously lowered in the treatment group at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of treatment and in the control group at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of treatment (P < 0.05). It was obviously lower in the treatment group than in the control group at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of treatment (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONAdministration of CHSQABC combined routine Western medicine treatment could reduce the event of revascularization and post-PCI recurrent angina, and improve scores for BSS of ACS patients complicated with DM after PCI.

Acute Coronary Syndrome ; complications ; surgery ; therapy ; Angina Pectoris ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; complications ; therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Myocardial Infarction ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; Qi

Objective To study the characteristics of blood flow in isovolumic systole(IVC)of left ventric-ular(LV)in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy by flow-vector imaging(VFM). Methods Color flow Doppler imaging was performed from the apical long-axis view in 58 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy who was admitted in our hospital from October 2015 to November 2016 and 56 healthy volunteers as control. Doppler flow data ob-tained during IVC were analyzed offline with vector flow mapping.Results At the beginning of IVC,the swirl area (15 ± 3)cm2and flow(36 ± 8)cm2/s in the control group were significantly less than those in the observation group (27 ± 8)cm2,(45 ± 12)cm2/s,all P=0.000.At the end of IVC,the vortex flow was similar in both groups[(28 ± 4)cm2/s vs.(29 ± 11)cm2/s,P=0.617)],and the vortex area in the control group was significantly smaller than that in the observation group[(16 ± 3)cm2vs.(24 ± 9)cm2,P=0.000)].During the IVC,the area of the vortex in the control group increased slightly but not significantly(P = 0.073),but the flow rate decreased significantly (10 ± 27%). The area and volume of the vortex in the observation group decreased significantly with the flow de-creased by 29 ± 54%(P=0.000 vs.the control group).When the aortic valve was open,the average blood flow veloc-ity in the middle and basal parts of the LV compartment in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).In multivariate models,a decreased LV ejection fraction was the only independent pre-dictor of the percentage decrease in area of the vortex during the IVC(P < 0.001),and a larger QRS width(P =0.026)and LV end-systolic long diameter(P = 0.004)were independent predictors of the percentage decrease in flow volume of the vortex. Conclusion The VFM technique enables a better assessment of the pathophysiological state of LV lumen energy loss during IVC in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy by vortex imaging.

Objective To evaluate the effects of various polysorbates(PS)on the stability of different types of monoclonal antibody(mAb)drugs.Methods Three types of monoclonal antibodies mAbA(IgG1 proantibody drug),mAbB(IgG1 mAb)and mAbC(IgG1 mAb with Fc N297A mutation)were used as model proteins,and different kinds or contents of PS were added into the mAb formulations respectively to investigate the influencing factors.The effects of PS on the stability of mAb drugs were evaluated comprehensively by detecting the changes of quality attributes,such as protein aggregates and insoluble particles.Results PS20 and PS80 showed no significant difference in inhibiting the formation of aggregates and charge variants in the three mAbs(P>0.05),while the addition of PS80 in mAbB and PS20 in mAbC significantly inhibited the increase of insoluble particles respectively(P<0.05);The content of PS20 showed a significant effect on the detection indexes of charge variants and insoluble particles in mAbC(P<0.05).Conclusion Different types of mAbs have different sensitivities to various kinds and contents of PS.Therefore,when designing the formulation of mAbs,it is necessary to select appropriate kinds and contents of PS to further improve the stability of mAb drugs.