Objective To evaluate the inhibitory effect of 2-(8-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1-oxo-1-H-2-benzopyran-3-Y1) propionic acid (NM-3) on lymphangiogenesis in gastric cancer using orthotopic implantated tumor models of BALB/C nude mice. Methods A BALB/C nude mouse model of transplanted in situ human gastric cancer was established. Twenty-eight nude mice were divided into four groups with 7 each: control group, NM-3 treated group, carboplatin (10 mg/kg) treated group,and NM-3 combiantion group injected with normal saline, 5 mg/kg of NM-3, 10 mg/kg of carboplatin or 5 mg/kg of NM-3, + 10 mg/kg carboplatin, respectively, twice a week for 8 weeks. At the end of the 8th week, all mice were sacrificed for detection of lymphatic microvessel density (LMVD),lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluranic acid receptor 1 (LYVE-1), podoplanin and Prox-1 byimmunohistochemistry with staining. Results In comparison with control group, the LYVE-1 level in other three groups was decreased with no significant difference (P＞ 0.05). The concentrations of podoplanin and Prox-1 in NM-3 group and combination group decreased significantly than those in control group and carboplatin group (P ＜ 0.05). The number of LMVD in NM-3 group and combination group was 4.72±0.50 and 4.78± 0.38, respectively, which was significantly lower than that in control group (7.35±0.55)and carboplatin group (6.98i0.35, P＜0.05). Conclusion The NM-3 can inhibit the growth of gastric cancer by interfering lymphangiogenesis of gastric cancer.

Objective To study the relationship between lymph node micrometastasis in early gastric cancer and clinicopathology of tumor,and explore an appropriate operative procedure.Methods A total of 1 004 lymph nodes from 50 patients with early gastric cancer(EGC)were sliced and restained with H.E and immunohistochemical technique,respectively.Immunohistochemical staining was performed by the streptavidin-biotin immunoperoxidase method with cytokeratin-specific monoclonal antibody CAM5.2.The relationship between lymph node micrometastasis and clinicopathological characteristics of primary tumors and prognosis of EGC was analysed.Results The incidence of nodal micro-involvement was significantly increased in diffuse type cancerous lesions(n=11,32.35%)as compared with intestinal type cancerous lesions(n=1,6.25%)(P

Objective To evaluate the effect of hydrogen-rich saline on inflammatory responses during transient cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods Forty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 5-6 yr,weighing 180-250 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =15 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),group I/R and hydrogen-rich saline group (group H).The rats were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 10％ chloral hydrate 0.3 ml/100 g.Transient cerebral ischemia was induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion with hypotension for 15 min,followed by reperfusion.Five rats were randomly chosen from each group,and Morris water maze was used to assess the cognitive function starting from 5 days before establishment of the model.Place navigation test lasted for 5 consecutive days.The escape latency,swimming speed and swimming distance were recorded.Spatial probe test was carried out on 1 and 3 days after establishment of the model.The time of staying at the target platform quadrant,frequency of crossing the original platform and swimming speed were recorded.The rats were sacrificed after the end of spatial probe test on 3 days after the model was established,and hippocampi were removed to examine the morphology of neurons in hippocampal CA1 region with light microscope.Five rats randomly chosen from each group were sacrificed on 1 day after the model was established,and hippocampi were removed to detect the contents of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β).The rest 5 rats in each group were sacrificed,and hippocampi were removed for determination of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activity (by immuno-histochemistry).Results In place navigation test before the model was established,the escape latency and swimming distance were gradually shortened with the prolonging training time,and no significant change was found in the swimming speed with the prolonging training time in the three groups.Compared with group S,the time of staying at the target platform quadrant was significantly shortened,and the frequency of crossing the original platform was reduced on 1 and 3 days after establishment of the model,and the contents of TNF-α and IL-1β and NF-κB activity were increased on 1 day after establishment of the model in group I/R.Compared with group I/R,the time of staying at the target platform quadrant was significantly prolonged,and the frequency of crossing the original platform was increased on 1 and 3 days after establishment of the model,and the contents of TNF-α and IL-1β and NF-κB activity were decreased on 1 day after establishment of the model in group H.There was no significant change in the swimming speed during spatial probe test on 1 and 3 days after establishment of the model.Conclusion The mechanism by which hydrogen-rich saline reduces transient cerebral I/R injury may be related to inhibition of inflammatory responses in rats.

With an objective to provide an experimental basis for scientific officinal of Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus, this research uses UPLC-TQ/MS method to analyze 7 different kinds of lignan in 70 batches of Schisandra sphenantherae Fructus samples from 9 regions. The results showed that in the area south of Qinling mountains, Schisandrae sphenantherae Fructus from Zhashui county and Shanyang county of Shangluo mainly contained schisantherin A and deoxyschizandrin. However, Schisandrae sphenantherae Fructus from Mei county of Baoji, Shiquan county and Ningshan county of Ankang, and Lueyang county of Hanzhong, mainly contained anwuligan. Samples from Ningshan county also consists relatively high level of deoxyschizandrin. In the central area of Qinling mountains and the Daba mountains, Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus from Nanzheng county of Hanzhong mainly contained schisanhenol and deoxyschizandrin. In conclusion, the kinds and level of lignan differ significantly in Schisandrae sphenantherae Fructus produced in different regions. In practical application, Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus produced in different regions should be distinguished and differently applied based on their main effective components corresponding to different diseases, which can lead to the best clinical use.
China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Lignans ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Schisandra ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo observe the efficacy of Chinese herbs for supplementing qi and activating blood circulation (CHSQABC) on patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) after successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

METHODSIn this ChiCTR-TRC-00000021, a total of 281 ACS patients complicated with type 2 DM after successful PCI were randomly assigned to the Western medicine treatment group (the control group, treated by routine Western medicine treatment) and the combined treatment group (the treatment group, treated by CHSQABC + routine Western medicine treatment). Patients in the combined treatment group took Xinyue Capsule (2 pills each time, 3 times per day) and Compound Chuanxiong Capsule (2 pills each time, 3 times per day for half a year and 1-year follow-ups). Primary endpoints covered incidence of death, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), ischemia-driven revascularization, and secondary endpoints included stroke, heart failure, and rehospitalization for ACS. At the same time scores for blood stasis syndrome (BSS) and the incidence of angina pectoris were evaluated before treatment, at month 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 after treatment.

RESULTSThe incidence of ischemia-driven revascularization was obviously less in the treatment group than in the control group (P < 0.05). No patient had nonfatal MI in the treatment group, while 5 patients in the control group had it. The incidence of non-fatal MI showed an obvious lowering tendency in the treatment group, but with no statistical difference when compared with that in the control group (P > 0.05). Four patients readmitted to hospital in the treatment group, while 12 patients readmitted. There existed obvious tendency in the treatment group, but with no statistical difference when compared with that in the control group (P > 0.05). The incidence of angina was significantly lower in the treatment group at month 6, 9, and 12 than that at month 1 , but it was lower in the control group at 9 months (P < 0.05). The incidence of angina was 15. 4% in the treatment group, obviously lower than that in the control group (26.2%, P < 0.05). Compared with before treatment, scores for BSS were obviously lowered in the treatment group at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of treatment and in the control group at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of treatment (P < 0.05). It was obviously lower in the treatment group than in the control group at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of treatment (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONAdministration of CHSQABC combined routine Western medicine treatment could reduce the event of revascularization and post-PCI recurrent angina, and improve scores for BSS of ACS patients complicated with DM after PCI.

Acute Coronary Syndrome ; complications ; surgery ; therapy ; Angina Pectoris ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; complications ; therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Myocardial Infarction ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; Qi

Polyamides, containing N-methylpyrrole (Py) and N-methyl-imidazole (Im) amino acids, are synthetic oligomers programmed to read the DNA double helix in the minor groove with high affinities and sequence specificities resulting in modulation of gene expression. They are cell permeable, stable and have no cytotoxicity, which provide a promising tool of gene regulation. We describe here recent advances in the field of DNA binding polyamides, including pairing rules, specifities and affinities to DNA, synthesis methods, cellular and nuclear uptake properties, gene regulation and effectiveness in vivo. The potential problems and difficulties in future research are also discussed.
Animals ; Base Pairing ; DNA ; chemistry ; genetics ; DNA Footprinting ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Imidazoles ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Nylons ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Pyrroles ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; metabolism ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the application of penile cavernous bodies elongation combined with fat flap for the treatment of micro-penis.

METHODSAnatomic study was performed to study the thickness of penile suspension ligaments and the relationship between the penile erection stability and the mobilization of cavernous bodies crus. The suspension ligaments were divided and cavernous bodies crus were partially mobilized, so as to release part of the cavernous bodies from inferior ramus of pubis. Then the penis was elongated sufficiently. Local fat flap was transposed to fill the front space of pubis to make sure the effective elongation of penis.

RESULTS205 cases of micro-penis were treated. The average length of the penis was 4.26 cm in the static state, 8.13 cm in erectile state before operation. After operation, it increased to 8.63 cm in the static state, 12.11 cm in erectile state.

CONCLUSIONSThe cavernous bodies can be elongated 1-2 cm more with the modified method, while the stability of penile erection is not affected.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Penis ; anatomy & histology ; surgery ; Surgical Flaps ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the feasibility and safety of transperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy in live-donors.

METHODSTwo cases of live-donor underwent laparoscopic nephrectomy in May and August 2008 respectively and both were followed up.

RESULTIn two cases the operation time was 130, 10 min; blood loss was 50 ml; warm ischemic time was 30 s and 2 min; the length of artery was 4.0 cm and 3.5 cm; the length of vein was 3.0 cm. The grafted kidneys started to produce urine at 30 s and 10 s after blood supply. Renal function of donor returned to normal after two days. The donors were discharged at 7th day after the operation. Renal function of recipient was normal after 3 days.

CONCLUSIONTransperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy in live-donor is a safe and effective procedure, which provides kidney with satisfactory blood vessels and ureter for graft.

Female ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; Laparoscopy ; Living Donors ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrectomy ; methods ; Peritoneum ; surgery ; Tissue and Organ Harvesting

OBJECTIVETo study the inhibitory effects of insulin on nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) nuclear translocation of vascular endothelial cells induced by burn serum and its correlative mechanism.

METHODSHuman umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured in vitro and divided into 5 groups: blank control group (BC, ordinary culture without any stimulation), normal serum control group (NS, cultured with nutrient solution containing 20% healthy human serum), burn serum stimulation group (BS, cultured with nutrient solution containing 20% burn human serum), burn serum+insulin treatment group (BI, cultured with nutrient solution containing 20% burn human serum and 1x10(-7) mol/L insulin), inhibitor pretreatment group [IP, pretreated with 50 micromol/L protein kinase B (Akt) specific inhibitor LY-294002, then cultured with the same medium as used in BI group 30 minutes later] according to the random number table. Six hours later, the injury and apoptosis of HUVECs was respectively observed by the scanning electron microscope and determined by the flow cytometry. Meanwhile, the phosphorylation of inhibitor kappa B-alpha (p-IkappaB-alpha) and Akt (p-Akt) in cytoplasm, and the content of NF-kappaB-p65 in nucleus were determined with Western blot.

RESULTS(1) Compared with those in BC group, HUVECs in BS group shrank obviously with irregular nuclear structure, and intercellular links jagged or vanished. Slight change was observed in HUVECs structure in NS and BI groups, with the cell ductility and nuclear structure much better than those in BS group. (2) The apoptosis rates of HUVECs in BS group [(28.5+/-2.3)%], BI group [(22.3+/-1.8)%], and IP group [(29.7+/-2.4)%] were all obviously higher than that in BC group [(15.7+/-2.2)%, F=14.288, P<0.05 or P<0.01]. There was no significant statistical difference between NS group [(17.0+/-2.5)%] and BC group in apoptosis rate (F=14.288, P>0.05). The apoptosis rate of HUVECs in BI group was obviously lower than that in BS group (F=14.288, P<0.05). (3) Compared with those in BC group, the protein expressions of p-IkappaB-alpha in cytoplasm and NF-kappaB-p65 in nucleus were up-regulated, and the protein expression of p-Akt in cytoplasm was down-regulated in BS and IP groups. The expression levels of the three proteins in NS and BI groups were close to those in BC group.

CONCLUSIONSInsulin could inhibit the IkappaB phosphorylation, and then restrict NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and improve the vascular endothelial cells function accordingly through regulating phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/Akt pathway.

Apoptosis ; Burns ; blood ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelial Cells ; metabolism ; Endothelium, Vascular ; cytology ; metabolism ; Humans ; I-kappa B Proteins ; metabolism ; Insulin ; pharmacology ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Serum ; metabolism ; Umbilical Veins ; cytology

BACKGROUNDDiabetes mellitus has become epidemic in recent years in China. We investigated the prevalence of hyperglycaemia and inadequate glycaemic control among type 2 diabetic inpatients from ten university teaching hospitals in Guangdong Province, China.

METHODSInadequate glycaemic control in diabetic patients was defined as HbA1c = 6.5%. Therapeutic regimens included no-intervention, lifestyle only, oral antiglycemic agents (OA), insulin plus OA (insulin + OA), or insulin only. Antidiabetic managements included monotherapy, double therapy, triple or quadruple therapy.

RESULTSAmong 493 diabetic inpatients with known history, 75% had HbA1c = 6.5%. Inadequate glucose control rates were more frequently seen in patients on insulin + OA regimen (97%) than on OA regimen (71%) (P < 0.001), and more frequent in patients on combination therapy (81% - 96%) than monotherapy (75%) (P < 0.05). Patients on insulin differed significantly from patients on OA by mean HbA1c, glycemic control rate, diabetes duration, microvascular complications, and BMI (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThis study showed that glycaemic control of type 2 diabetic patients deteriorated for patients who received insulin and initiation time of insulin was usually delayed. It is up to clinicians to move from the traditional stepwise therapy to a more active and early combination antidiabetic therapy to provide better glucose control.

Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; blood ; drug therapy ; Female ; Glycated Hemoglobin A ; analysis ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; epidemiology ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; administration & dosage ; Inpatients ; Male ; Middle Aged