In the present report, we describe the successful use of miniscrews to achieve vertical control in combination with the conventional sliding MBT™ straight-wire technique for the treatment of a 26-year-old Chinese woman with a very high mandibular plane angle, deep overbite, retrognathic mandible with backward rotation, prognathic maxilla, and gummy smile. The patient exhibited skeletal Class II malocclusion. Orthodontic miniscrews were placed in the maxillary anterior and posterior segments to provide rigid anchorage and vertical control through intrusion of the incisors and molars. Intrusion and torque control of the maxillary incisors relieved the deep overbite and corrected the gummy smile, while intrusion of the maxillary molars aided in counterclockwise rotation of the mandibular plane, which consequently resulted in an improved facial profile. After 3.5 years of retention, we observed a stable, well-aligned dentition with ideal intercuspation and more harmonious facial contours. Thus, we were able to achieve a satisfactory occlusion, a significantly improved facial profile, and an attractive smile for this patient. The findings from this case suggest that nonsurgical correction using miniscrew anchorage is an effective approach for camouflage treatment of high-angle cases with skeletal Class II malocclusion.
Adult* ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Dentition ; Female ; Humans ; Incisor ; Malocclusion ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Molar ; Overbite* ; Torque

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of ischemic preconditioning on chaperone hsp70 expression and protein aggregation in the CA1 neurons of rats, and to further explore its potential neuroprotective mechanism.

METHODSTwo-vesseloccluded transient global ischemia rat model was used. The rats were divided into sublethal 3-min ischemia group, lethal 10-min ischemia group and ischemic preconditioning group. Neuronal death in the CA1 region was observed by hematoxylineosin staining, and number of live neurons was assessed by cell counting under a light microscope. Immunochemistry and laser scanning confocal microscopy were used to observe the distribution of chaperone hsp70 in the CA1 neurons. Differential centrifuge was used to isolate cytosol, nucleus and protein aggregates fractions. Western blot was used to analyze the quantitative alterations of protein aggregates and inducible chaperone hsp70 in cellular fractions and in protein aggregates under different ischemic conditions.

RESULTSHistological examination showed that ischemic preconditioning significantly reduced delayed neuronal death in the hippocampus CA1 region (P < 0.01 vs 10-min ischemia group). Sublethal ischemic preconditioning induced chaperone hsp70 expression in the CA1 neurons after 24 h reperfusion following 10-min ischemia. Induced-hsp70 combined with the abnormal proteins produced during the secondary lethal 10-min ischemia and inhibited the formation of cytotoxic protein aggregates (P < 0.01 vs 10-min ischemia group).

CONCLUSIONIschemic preconditioning induced chaperone hsp70 expression and inhibited protein aggregates formation in the CA1 neurons when suffered secondary lethal ischemia, which may protect neurons from death.

Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; pathology ; Cell Count ; methods ; Cell Death ; Disease Models, Animal ; Gene Expression Regulation ; physiology ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; metabolism ; Hippocampus ; blood supply ; metabolism ; pathology ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; Male ; Neurons ; metabolism ; Proteins ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo provide anatomical evidences for the morphological and histological identification of 20 medicinal species in Hypericum.

METHODMorphological and anatomical study on the organs of 20 medicinal species in Hypericum using tissue clearing, paraffin sectioning and thin sectioning.

RESULTAccording to their anatomical characteristics, the secretory structures can be divided into nodules, secretory cavities (canals) and tiny secretory tubes of 20 medicinal species in Hypericum. Hypericin was produced and stored in the nodules, while the volatile oil was produced and stored in the secretory cavities (canals) and tiny secretory tubes. The types differed markedly from each other in location, diameter and distributional density of leaf, and the anatomical structures differed from each other of stem, calyx, petal, anther and fruit among the 20 species in Hypericum.

CONCLUSIONThe secretory structures may be as anatomical evidences for the morphological and histological identification of 20 medicinal species in Hypericum.

Flowers ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Fruit ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Hypericum ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; classification ; Oils, Volatile ; analysis ; Perylene ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; Plant Leaves ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; classification ; Species Specificity

Objective To investigate the effective treatments of combined injury with craniocerebral firearm wound in dogs immersed by seawater under maritime environment. Methods Models of combined injury with craniocerebral firearm wound, including craniocerebral gunshot wound,open chest injury, open abdominal injury, open trauma of extremities and burn injury, were established in 60 healthy adult mongrel dogs. Animal models after being wounded were immersed by the seawater for 30 min, and then, they were equally randomized into conventional treatment group and comprehensive treatment group; 30 dogs in the conventional treatment group were given routine treatment and the other 30 dogs in the comprehensive treatment group were given lukewarm glucose liquid, β-aescin, naloxone hydrochloride, levofloxacin and re-warming treatments besides the conventional treatment. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound, blood gas analysis, measurement of plasma osmotic pressure and intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring were performed on the dogs of the 2 groups; and the treatment efficacy of the 2groups were compared. Results Low incidence rate of brain vasospasm was noted and TCD indicated that blood flow speed approached normal in the comprehensive treatment group 3 h after the treatment.The plasma osmotic pressure and the indicators of metabolic acidosis reached normal levels in the comprehensive treatment group 12 h after the treatment. The ICP significantly decreased in the comprehensive treatment group 24 h after the treatment. Survival rate in the comprehensive treatment group (70%) was significantly higher as compared with that in the conventional treatment group (53%)7 d after the treatment (P＜0.05). All the indexes in the comprehensive treatment group were better than those in the conventional treatment group (P＜0.05) Conclusion Early infusion of lukewarm hypotonic solution can significantly reduce the osmotic pressure, correct the electrolyte balance, help the re-warming and prolong the survival rate. Naloxone possesses protective effect on brain. The β-aescine sodium can diminish viscosity, slow down brain edema progress, obviously reduce ICP and improve brain tissue oxygen metabolism. In a word, comprehensive treatment in effective in treating combined injury with craniocerebral firearm wound.

Searching for new antidiabetic lead compound, 4-(1-aryl-3-oxo-5-phenylpentylamino) benzenesulfonamides were designed and synthesized directly by three component one-pot condensation of 4-phenyl-2-butanone and sulfanilamide with some aromatic aldehydes at an yield of 23%-97%. The chemical structures of the twelve new Mannich bases were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, ESI-MS and HR-MS. The screening results of antidiabetic activity indicated that most of these title compounds possess alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity, among which compound le is the strongest one. And compound 11 possesses good peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor response element (PPRE) agonist activity. The structure-activity relationship of these new beta-amino ketones containing benzenesulfonamide unit was also discussed preliminarily.
Drug Design ; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors ; agonists ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Sulfanilamides ; chemistry ; Sulfonamides ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; alpha-Glucosidases ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo deduce the protocol, scoring criteria and interpretive guidelines for assessment of HER2 gene expression status by fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) and to compare the results with those obtained by immunohistochemistry.

METHODSThe HercepTest kit from Dako Cytomation was employed for immunohistochemistry. FISH for HER2 gene expression status was performed using PathVysion DNA probe kit on the archival paraffin-embedded sections of breast cancer tissues from 28 Chinese female patients with immunohistochemical staining scores of (3 +), (2 +), (1 +) and 0.

RESULTSTen of the 12 patients with score (3 +) by immunohistochemistry were positive for HER2 by FISH, with 2 cases being polysomy. Two other cases with FISH-negative were also shown to be polysomy. Seven of the 10 patients with score (2 +) by immunohistochemistry showed HER2 gene amplification, with 1 case being polysomy. Two of the remaining 3 cases, which were FISH-negative, were shown to be polysomy. All the patients with scores (1 +, number = 3 ) or 0 ( number = 3) by immunohistochemistry failed to show amplification. One case of polysomy was noted in either group.

CONCLUSIONSImmunohistochemistry is useful as an initial screening tool for HER2 expression status. Because of the obvious discrepancies between protein expression and gene amplification, patients with score (2 +) by immunohistochemistry should undergo FISH testing as well. FISH is also required in selected examples with score (3 +) immunohistochemical results, especially in those with false-positive immunohistochemistry due to chromosome 17 aneuploidy.

Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; genetics ; metabolism ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 ; Female ; Gene Amplification ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genes, erbB-2 ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Polyploidy ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo explore the increasing effect of blocking Chk1 and /or Chk2 gene by Chk1 or Chk2-specific antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (AsODN) on apoptosis in HeLa cell line after irradiation and its mechanism of action.

METHODSAsynchronized HeLa cells were exposed to (60)Co-irradiation at different dosage to activate G(2)/M checkpoint arrest. The cell cycle profiles were observed in HeLa cells after irradiation at a range of various doses and different time points by flow cytometry. In the experimental groups, Chk1/2 sODN and AsODN alone or in combination were transfected into HeLa cells, and the cells were exposed to (60)Co-irradiation at 24 h after transfection. The changes of Chk1/2 protein expression were assayed by Western blot and confocal laser scanning microscopy (Confocal), and the cell cycles, apoptosis rates and cell cycle specific apoptosis were detected by annexin V-PI labeling and flow cytometry.

RESULTSApoptotic response was significantly increased in the Hela cells after G(2)/M arrest and was inversed to activation of G(2)/M checkpoint. Either Chk1 or Chk2-specific AsODN consistently enhanced DNA damage-induced apoptosis by 90% approximately 120%, compared to corresponding sODN control (P < 0.05). Unexpectedly, combined use of Chk1- and Chk2-specific AsODN did not produce synergistic effect as compared to treatment with Chk1- or Chk2-specific AsODN alone (P > 0.05). While irradiated HeLa cells underwent apoptosis preferentially in G(1)-phase, apoptosis occurred in either of G(1)-, S- or G(2)/M -phase in the presence of Chk1 and/or Chk2 AsODN.

CONCLUSIONThe radioresistance is mainly induced by activating the cell cycle checkpoint signal transduction pathway after irradiation, and abrogating of the key effector Chk1 and Chk2 may increase the apoptotic sensitivity to irradiation due to changes of the pattern of cell cycle specific apoptosis.

Apoptosis ; radiation effects ; Cell Cycle ; radiation effects ; Checkpoint Kinase 1 ; Checkpoint Kinase 2 ; Cobalt Radioisotopes ; Down-Regulation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense ; genetics ; Protein Kinases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo report and evaluate the results of subtalar distraction bone block fusion in the treatment of malunited calcaneus fracture.

METHODSFrom September 2004 to January 2008, 32 cases of malunited calcaneus fracture were treated, among which 28 cases were classified type II and 4 cases type III by Stephens-Sander's classification. Preoperative X-ray and CT examination demonstrated a talocalcaneal angle of 18.1 degrees ± 2.3 degrees , and an AOFAS score of 36.3 ± 4.1. Subtalar distraction bone block fusion was performed in all cases in this series. Regular follow-up was done with talocalcaneal angle measurement and AOFAS scoring.

RESULTSAll the 32 patients had been followed-up of 34 months, ranging from 24 to 65 months, only to reveal a primary wound healing without infection in all but one, in which superficial skin necrosis occurred postoperatively and healed after dressing-changes. Bone healing at the fusion site was seen 3 months after operation in all cases. At the final follow-up, the talocalcaneal angle was 22.9° ± 1.9° and the AOFAS score 77.5 ± 4.1, both demonstrating a significant difference (P < 0.05), when compared with those before operation.

CONCLUSIONSubtalar distraction bone block fusion, together with the lateral wall decompression, can correct the main deformity and reduce major symptoms induced by the malunion of calcaneus fractures, being a convenient and practical option for the treatment of malunited calcaneus fracture.

Adult ; Arthrodesis ; methods ; Bone Transplantation ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Healing ; Fractures, Malunited ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Subtalar Joint ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of microRNA on the gene expression profile of human leukemia K562 cells using microarray technique.

METHODSmiR-181a RNA duplexes were designed and synthesized according to the mature sequence of miR-181a. Forty-eight hours after transfection of in vitro cultured K562 cells using Oligofectamine, gene expression profiles of the cells were studied and analyzed using Agilent Human 1A Oligo microarray.

RESULTSTotalling 228 differentially expressed genes were identified from the 20,173 screened genes, including 59 up-regulated ones (consisting of metabolism-associated genes, tumor suppressor genes, signal transduction-associated genes, immunity and defense-associated genes etc), and 169 down-regulated ones (consisting of oncogenes, DNA-binding and transcription genes, metabolism-associated genes, signal transduction-associated genes, cell cycle and development-associated genes etc.) in the transfected K562 cells as compared with the control K562 cells. Changes in expressions of CTCF, ZAP70, SEMA4C and RALA were confirmed by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.

CONCLUSIONSmiR-181a transfection for 48 h induces gene expression profile changes in K562 cells, indicating the functionality of the miR-181a. These differentially expressed genes are related to the functions of the microRNA, and may also be the basis of the regulation model of posttranscriptional gene silencing. These findings provide an evidence for further study of the machineries and functions of the microRNA in mammalian cells.

Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Transfection

Objective To evaluate the long-term efficacy of percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation (PPVI) and the durability of the home-made self-expanding pulmonary valve (Venus-P).Methods From May,2013 to Nov.,2015,14 patients who underwent percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation at Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University and received at least 1 year follow-up were enrolled,including 3 males and 11 females,with an average age of (35.8 ± 7.8) years.All patients with tetralogy of Fallot received radical resection and developed severe pulmonary regurgitation.The longterm mortality,the operation related complications,the short term and long-term effect of PPVI,as well as the durability and effect of the self-expanding pulmonary valve were evaluated in the 14 patients.Results Over an average follow-up period of (2.3 ± 0.8) years (1.0-3.5 years),only 1 patient died (6.7 ％).During the follow-up,no deterioration,infective endocarditis,malignant arrhythmia and other serious complications was observed,and nobody needed reoperation.There was no valve displacement,valve stent fracture,obvious circumferential leakage and pulmonary regurgitation.After PPVI,an acute improvement in pulmonary artery diastolic pressure was observed [(4.93 ± 3.37) mmHg vs.(11.47 ± 4.61) mmHg,P＜0.05].Six month postoperatively,right ventricular end diastolic volume measured by cardiac nuclear magnetic resonance was significantly reduced [(139.29± 18.21)mL/m2 vs.(83.03 ± 20.0) mL/m2,P＜0.05].At 1 year follow up,the across valve pressure difference were (20.85 ± 4.45) mmHg calculated by the echocardiography,and the NYHA cardiac function (Ⅰ-Ⅲ:4 cases;Ⅰ-Ⅱ:10 cases) was improved 1-2 degree and the distance of 6-minute walk test were significantly increased [(475.00 ± 55.06) m vs.(594.23 ± 194.51) m,P＜0.05].Meanwhile,the QRS duration decreased was also observed.The changes of the QRS duration have statistical significance after 1 and 3 months of the PPVI when compared with the baseline [(169.93 ± 21.34) ms vs.(159.87 ± 24.4) ms or (160.00 ± 27.0 ms,P＜0.05].Conclusions PPVI using home-made self-expanding pulmonary valve (Venus-P) for chronic pulmonary regurgitation has good long-term efficacy and low complication rate,and the valve is durable.