A chiral LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous analysis of desvenlafaxine (DVS) enantiomers in human plasma was developed and applied to a pharmacokinetic study on 12 Chinese healthy volunteers. d6-Desvenlafaxine was used as internal standard (IS). Chromatographic separation was performed on the Astec Chirobiotic V chiral column (150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 μm). The assay was linear over the concentration range of 0.500-150 ng x mL(-1) for both enantiomers (r2 > 0.99). The method was successfully applied to a stereoselective pharmacokinetic study of 100 mg desvenlafaxine sustained release tablets on 12 Chinese healthy volunteers under fasting conditions. The results showed that the pharmacokinetic parameters were similar to both enantiomers in Chinese healthy volunteers. The AUC(0-t), and C(max) of the two enantiomers were about 1.5 times higher than those of blacks and whites reported in the literature.
Administration, Oral ; Area Under Curve ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Cyclohexanols ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Desvenlafaxine Succinate ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Male ; Plasma ; chemistry ; Stereoisomerism ; Tablets ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Objective To assess the feasibility of using PET molecular imaging to evaluate the therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese medicine FuZhiSan (FZS) on the model of aging Alzheimer's disease (AD) rats. Methods Twenty aged AD rats (Sparague-Dawley rats,male) were randomly divided into FZS treated group (n = 10) and control group (n = 10). Another 10 healthy adult rats were as blank controls. Morris water maze record system was used for cognitive function assessment. Before and after FZS treatment 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and 11 C-2- [4'-(methylamino) phenyl] benzothiazol-6-ol ( PIB )PET imaging was undertaken. After post-treatment imaging procedures the brain tissues of all animals were taken for histochemical study,such as staining with HE,congo red,amyloid β (Aβ) immunofluorescence,5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) immunofluorescence and NeuN immunofluorescence. Paired t-test was performed with SPSS 13.0 software for the data analysis. Results The cognitive dysfunction of aging AD rats was improved after FZS treatment. The escape latency in FZS treated group was significantly shorter than that of control group ((32.5 ±10.8) s vs (102.6±8.8) s,t =15.7987,P=0. 0001). Diffuse neuronal loss and Aβ deposition were detected in the hippocampus and cortex in the aged AD rats. The imaging data showed that brain glucose metabolism was amended in FZS treated group while the abatement of amyloid deposition was not significant. Immunofluorescence results indicated that the neuronal proliferation was more remarkable in FZS treated group. Conclusions It may be feasible to use PET imaging as a method to evaluate the therapeutic effect in AD rats. FZS may ameliorate memory dysfunction of aged AD rats. Its mechanism may be partly contributed to the enhancement of the neuronal proliferation and survival.

Objective To investigate the imaging characteristics of both intra- and extrathoracic sarcoidosis on 18F-FDG PET/CT.Methods From 2007 Aug.to 2009 Nov.,22 patients( 10 males,12 females) with sarcoidosis,confirmed by pathological study and clinical follow-up,underwent 18 F-FDG PET/CT imaging.The imaging patterns of intrathoracic and extrathoracic lesions were analyzed.The patterns were classified as the typical or atypical ( symmetrical or asymmetrical FDG accumulation and enlargement of hilar lymph nodes) based on PET and CT separately.Nonparametric McNemar test,independent t-test and Fisher exact test were applied for statistical analysis.Results For typical pattern vs atypical pattem identification,PET was significantly different from CT ( 18 and 4 vs 12 and 10,P =0.031 ).In those with atypical pattern demonstrated by CT alone at hilar region,PET showed either symmetrical or asymmetrical accumulation of FDG.Except for mediastinal lymph nodes involvement,lung parenchyma was the second common site ( 19/22,86.4％ ),followed by lymph nodes at abdomen and (or) pelvis ( 12/22,54.5％ ).Conclusion The imaging characteristics of both intra- and extrathoracic sarcoidosis on 18F-FDG PET/CT may be helpful for the diagnosis of atypical sarcoidosis on CT image alone.

OBJECTIVETo assess the features of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in patients with benign pulmonary nodules.

METHODSFrom October 1998 to July 2004, 47 patients with benign pulmonary nodules were imaged with FDG-positron emission tomography (PET). Diagnoses were confirmed by surgery. FDG-PET data was analyzed by visual method and semi-quantitive method. When pulmonary nodules with abnormal FDG intake appeared in PET scans confirmed by visual method, their maximum and mean standard uptake value (SUVmax and SUVmean) and SUV of normal lung (SUVlung) were measured using semiquantitative method.

RESULTSTwenty-one cases showed nothing abnormal in PET scans, including 17 calcification and fibrosis, 2 hamartomas and 2 sclerosing hemangiomas. 26 pulmonary nodules were detected by FDG-PET (17 active tuberculous, 6 inflammatory pseudotumors, 3 cryptococcosis). FDG uptake of these 26 nodules was higher than that of normal lung (SUVmax, SUVmean and SUVlung were 3.04 +/- 1.65, 2.48 +/- 1.35 and 0.40 +/- 0.07, respectively, P < 0.001). Correlations were not found between FDG uptake and nodule size or SUV of normal lung or age or blood glucose level in these 26 patients (P > 0.05). SUV in 9 cases (9/26, 35%) were beyond 2.5.

CONCLUSIONSSome benign pulmonary nodules were FDG avid.

Adult ; Aged ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Radiopharmaceuticals ; pharmacokinetics ; Retrospective Studies ; Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary ; diagnostic imaging ; Solitary Pulmonary Nodule ; diagnostic imaging ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; diagnostic imaging

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of buffer on separate capacity of macroporous resin. To evaluate the quality of ferulic acid liposome and determine its entrapment efficiency.

METHODDifferent type of macroporous resin counterpoised by buffer system of Na2 HPO3-NaH2, PO3 was used to separate the free ferulic acid from the preparation and HPLC was used to determine the concentration of the ferulic acid to calculate the entrapment efficiency.

RESULTThis method had good linearity in the range of 0.56 - 2.8 g x mL(-1) (r = 0.999 6). The precision RSD was less than 1.1%. The adsorption effect of macroporous resin on liposome was reduced while it had no effect on the absorption ability of macroporous resin on the ferulic acid by the usage of buffer. The recovery of HPD450 resin on blank liposome was between 97.2% - 100.8%, while the average recovery is 98.1%.

CONCLUSIONBuffer system can enhance the separate ability of macroporous resin on liposome and free drug.

Adsorption ; Buffers ; Coumaric Acids ; administration & dosage ; analysis ; Drug Carriers ; Liposomes ; Quality Control ; Resins, Synthetic

To explore advantages of Chinese medicine (CM) by analyzing differences in the origin of philosophy for human health between CM and Western medicine (WM). Methodologically, a distinctive feature of CM is its systems theory, which is also the difference between CM and WM. Since the birth of CM, it has taken the human body as a whole from the key concepts of "qi, blood, yin-yang, viscera (Zang-Fu), and meridian and channel", rather than a single cell or a particular organ. WM evolves from the Western philosophic way of thinking and merely uses natural sciences as the foundation. The development of WM is based on human structures, or anatomy, and therefore, research of WM is also based on the way of thinking of decomposing the whole human body into several independent parts, which is the impetus of promoting the development of WM. The core of CM includes the holistic view and the dialectical view. Chinese herbal medicines contain various components and treat a disease from multiple targets and links. Therefore, Chinese herbal medicines treat a diseased state by regulating and mobilizing the whole body rather than just regulating a single factor, since the diseased state is not only a problem in a local part of the body but a local reflection of imbalance of the whole body.
Holistic Health ; Humans ; Integrative Medicine ; Medicine ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Philosophy ; Systems Biology ; Western World

Objective To determine the value of 2-18F-2-deoxy-β-D-glucose (18F-FDG)PET/CT in malignancy tumor detection of patients suspected as having paraneoplastic syndrome (PNS).Methods The clinical data of 54 patients suspected as having PNS, underwent PET/CT study in our hospital fiom June 2007 to December 2009, were retrospectively analyzed. The efficacy of 18F-FDG PET/CT on positive detection rate, positive predictive value of malignant tumors and on the detection of malignant tumor markers were analyzed with the results of pathological findings and clinical data;whether the course of disease could affect these detection was also analyzed. Results Positive results of 18F-FDG PET/CT were noted in 17 patients (31.5%), and 13 of them were confirmed as malignant tumors with pathological results. The positive predictive value of 18F-FDG PET/CT was 76.5%. The durations of patients with malignancies were not different from those of patients without malignancies.PET/CT enjoyed a significantly higher efficacy rate in identifying malignant tumors in patients with elevated tumor markers than in patients with tumor markers in normal range (P＜0.05). Conclusion 18F-FDG PET/CT improves the tumor detection rate in PNS suspects, especially in patients enjoying elevated tumor markers.

Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant activity, antiglycation property, and bioactive components content of different solvent extracts from Chinese olive (Canarium album L.) fruit. Methods: The dry powder of Chinese olive fruit was extracted with different solvents, i.e., water, water/ethanol (1/1, v/v), ethanol, methanol, acetone and ethyl acetate. The total phenolic, total flavonoids and total triterpenoids contents of various extracts were determined by spectrophotometric methods. Phenolic compounds were identified by high performance liquid chromatography. The assayed antioxidant activity was determined in vitro models such as antioxidant capacity by radical scavenging activity using 2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl- hydrazyl (DPPH) and nitrite oxide methods, chelating activity on metal ions, lipid and protein peroxidation methods. In vitro glucose-bovine serum albumin assay was used to evaluate the antiglycation of various extracts. Results: The water/ethanol extracts of Chinese olive fruit exerted significant scavenging effects on free radicals and strong inhibitory effects on advanced glycation end products formation. The Chinese olive fruit extracts were rich in phenolic compounds and triterpenoids. Gallic acid, ferulic acid and rutin were identified from the water/ethanol extracts. Correlation analysis indicated that there was a linear relationship between the antioxidant potency, free radical scavenging ability and phenolic compounds content of the Chinese olive fruit extracts. Conclusions: Chinese olive fruit could be a natural candidate for studies of dietary complement to diabetes treatment since it combines antioxidant and antiglycation activities.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of static and dynamic splints on recovery of hand functions in burn patients.

METHODSThirty-two burn patients with 52 injured hands were treated with orthotic splints (single or combined application) during different therapeutic stages. Carroll's upper limb functional test was used to evaluate the function of upper limbs and hands from rough to fine movements, including grasp, pinch, nip, forearm pronation and supination, fetching, etc. The hand functions were compared before and after treatment.

RESULTSThere were 7 hands with grade IV function, 15 hands with grade III, 23 hands with grade II, and 7 hands with grade I before treatment, while 9 hands achieved grade IV function, 28 hands grade V, 9 hands grade VI, and 6 hands grade III after treatment for three months. Twenty-eight patients with 46 hands recovered well enough to handle daily chores, including digital opposition, palmar opposition, grasp, pinch, etc.

CONCLUSIONThe manual splints offer good effects on preventing and treatment scar contracture of hand after burn, and they can promote the recovery of hand functions.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Burns ; rehabilitation ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Contracture ; prevention & control ; Female ; Hand ; physiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recovery of Function ; Splints ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo assess the value of carbon-11 choline (CH) positron emission tomography (PET) in patients with pulmonary nodules.

METHODSFrom September 2002 to December 2004, 39 patients with pulmonary nodules were imaged with CH-PET. CH-PET data was analyzed by visual method and semiquantitative method. When pulmonary nodules with abnormal CH uptake appeared in PET scans confirmed by visual method, their maximum and mean standard uptake value (SUVmax and SUVmean) were measured using semiquantitative method. Diagnoses were confirmed by surgery or biopsy and follow-up survey.

RESULTSTwenty-four cancerous and 3 inflammatory nodules and 1 bronchogenic cyst were detected by CH-PET and were diagnosed malignant with visual method. Three bronchial alveolar carcinoma, 2 metastatic tumor from kidney and colon, 3 fibrous nodules, 1 cryptococcosis, 1 hamartoma and 1 sclerosing hemangioma showed nothing abnormal in PET scans. For identification of pulmonary nodules with CH-PET, the sensitivity was 89% (24/29), the specificity was 60% (6/10), and the accuracy was 77% (30/39). There were differences in SUV between 8 squamous cell carcinomas and 9 adenocarcinomas (Z = -2.937, -2.887, P < 0.01). In diagnosing 70 resected enlarged lymph nodes beyond 1 cm in 17 lung cancer patients, CH-PET had the sensitivity of 86% (25/29), the specificity of 90% (37/41), and the accuracy of 89% (62/70). CH-PET confirmed 7 distant metastases in 25 lung cancer patients. In 5 cases suspected brain metastases CH-PET identified 2 cases positive correctly.

CONCLUSIONSCH-PET can confirm malignant pulmonary nodules, but still there were false positive and false negative cases. CH-PET can evaluate N stage effectively in patients with lung cancer. CH-PET can depict brain metastases accurately.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carbon Radioisotopes ; Choline ; Female ; Humans ; Lung ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Lung Diseases ; diagnosis ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity