A growing body of evidence has indicated the important role of autophagy receptors in directing ubiquitinated or non-ubiquitinated cargos towards autophagy. Autophagy receptors bind to LC3 (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3) on phagophore and autophagosome membranes, and recognize signals on cargoes in the delivery system of autophagy. However, the diverse domains in the receptor structures determine that their roles would never be limited to autophagy. Up to date, increasing numbers of the receptor proteins have been demonstrated to serve as a molecular link or switch participating in autophagic degradation, apoptosis or cell survival signals. Here, we highlight the non-autophagic roles of these receptor proteins to draw attention to this growing research topic.
Apoptosis ; Autophagy ; Humans ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Ubiquitination

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effcacy of the staple fixation for the treatment of hamate metacarpal joint injury.

METHODSFrom May 2009 to November 2012,16 patients with hamate metacarpal joint injury were treated with staple fixation including 10 males and 6 females with an average age of 33.6 years old ranging from 21 to 57 years. Among them, 11 cases were on the fourth or fifth metacarpal base dislocation without fractures, 5 cases were the fourth or fifth metacarpal base dislocation with avulsion fractures of the back of hamatum. Regular X-ray review was used to observe the fracture healing, joint replacement and position of staple fixation. The function of carpometacarpal joint and metacarpophalangeal joint were evaluated according to ASIA (TAM) system evaluation method.

RESULTSAll incision were healed well with no infection. All patients were followed up from 16 to 24 months with an average of (10.0 +/- 2.7) months. No dislocation recurred, the position of internal fixator was good,no broken nail and screw withdrawal were occurred. Five patients with avulsion fracture of the back of hamatum achieved bone healing. The function of carpometacarpal joint and metacarpophalangeal was excellent in 10 cases,good in 5 cases, moderate in 1 case.

CONCLUSIONThe application of the staple for the treatment of hamatometacarpal joint injury has the advantages of simple operation, small trauma, reliable fixation, early postoperative function exercise and other advantages, which is the ideal operation mode for hamatometacarpal joint injury.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Carpal Joints ; injuries ; surgery ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; instrumentation ; methods ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Hamate Bone ; injuries ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Metacarpal Bones ; injuries ; surgery ; Metacarpophalangeal Joint ; injuries ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Sutures ; utilization ; Young Adult

This study is to analyze and identify the water soluble components of water buffalo horn (Bubali Cornu, WBH), and also establish a method for investigating these components. Shotgun proteomic analysis identified proteins in WBH aqueous extraction: keratin, collagen, desmoglein, etc. Ultrafiltration and LC-MS/MS were used to separate and identify the peptides in WBH aqueous extract, as a result, identified peptides were mainly derived from nonspecific degradation products of keratin and collagen, which including C-terminal peptides and non C-terminal peptides. Hypoxanthine, uridine, guanosine, and adenosine were identified by comparing with the standards. The strategy in present study could be used in analyzing water soluble components of animal horn derived TCM. It provides a reference for investigation of the material basis of animal horn derived TCM.
Animals ; Buffaloes ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Guanosine ; Horns ; chemistry ; Hypoxanthine ; Mass Spectrometry ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Peptides ; Proteomics ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Uridine

Objective:To investigate the relationship between FA,ET-1,Hcy and VEGF in patients with pregnancy induced hypertension.Methods:Selected 80 cases of patients with pregnancy induced hypertension who were treated in our hospital from January 2013 to September 2016,divided into A group (40 cases),and preeclampsia and preeclampsia B group (40 cases),60 cases of normal late pregnant women as C group,60 cases of normal non pregnant women as D group.The plasma levels of FA,ET-1,Hcy and VEGF in each group were detected,and the correlation analysis was performed.Results:The plasma levels of FA and VEGF of group B were lowest in the four groups (P＜0.05),the plasma ET-1 and Hcy levels of group B were highest (P＜0.05).The plasma FA and VEGF levels of women with pregnancy induce hypertension were lower than those of the healthy late pregnant women.The plasma ET-1 and Hcy levels were higher (P＜0.05).The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that FA,ET-1,Hcy and VEGF levels were risk factors for pregnancy induce hypertension.Conclusion:The elevation of plasma Hcy level caused by FA deficiency in pregnancy might be related to the development of the disease and the incidence of pregnancy induced hypertension syndrome,VEGF might be an important factor in the occurrence and development of pregnancy induced hypertension syndrome.

Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma has the efficacy of dissolving stasis and hemostasis and reducing swelling and easing pain. Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) is the main active component of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma, and the main components include ginsenoside Rb1, Rg1, Re, Rd and notoginsenoside R1. Injections with PNS as the medicinal material basis have become main TCM injections for the treatment of cerebral vascular diseases, with confirmed clinical efficacy. This article reviewed the research progress in pharmacological effects, clinical application and adverse reactions of PNS in treatment of cerebral vascular disease, with a purpose to provide references for further research and clinical application.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical outcome of accessory navicular fusion for treatment of the painful accessory navicular bone of type II in adults.

METHODSFrom June 2006 to June 2012, a total of 38 feet (in 35 adult patients) with painful accessory navicular with type I underwent an fusion operation of the primary and accessory navicular bones,including 26 males and 9 females with a mean age of (32.4±7.3) years old ranging from 18 to 44 years old. The course of disease ranged from 3 to 10 months. The perioperative complications and radiological outcomes were observed and recorded. The foot function before and after operation were assessed by the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) midfoot score, and the easement of the pain was evaluated by visual analog score (VAS).

RESULTSTwo patients had transient superficial inflammation of the incision, no obvious perioperative complications occurred. All patients were follow-up for (53.5±14.7) months (12 to 84 months). Bone union was confirmed on plain radiography in 32 cases (35 feet). The mean time from the operation to union was (13.7±2.3) weeks (9 to 18 weeks). Postoperative pain VAS score was improved obviosly than preoperative (V=12.14,P< 0.01). The talar-to-first metatarsal angle [(9.4±3.5)° vs (8.3±2.7)°, t=0.736, P>0.05)], calcaneal tilt angle [(17.7±2.2)° vs (18.9±3.4)°, t=0.794, P>0.05],talonavicular uncoverage angle [(14.3±3.4)° vs(12.5?4.6)°,t=0.947, P>0.05) ],and height of the first tarsometatarsal joint [(14.8±3.1) mm vs (15.9±2.8) mm,t=0.814,P>0.05)] before and after operations had no statistic difference. The AOFAS midfoot score was improced from preoperative 45.6±5.3 to postoperative 82.5±7.4 (t=3.214,P< 0.01).

CONCLUSIONFor the painful accessory navicular bone of type II in adults, if the patient has a large navicular bone and not complicated with rigid flatfoot, once the conservative treatment fails, fusion of the primary and accessory naviculars may be a successful intervention. Overall, the procedure provides reliable pain relief, definite foot function improvement, and good patient satisfaction.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foot Diseases ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Tarsal Bones ; abnormalities ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

ObjectiveTo prepare a novel etimicin-encapsuled chitosan/hydroxyapatite nano-scaffolds and offer assistances for bone defect or osteomylitis.MethodsDrug-carried chitosan nanoparticles which was prepared by ionotropic gelation were combined with nano-hydroxyapatite.The mixture were shaped in molds and then prepared into porous scaffolds by freeze-dry.The surface of one scaffold was scanned.The grinded,particles of the scaffold were detected by field emission scanning electron microscope; X-ray diffraction was used to analyze components of the scaffold and total porosity.Staphylococcus aureus was choosed as the experimental bacteria,we studied lasting antibacterial property of drug-carried bone scaffold by antibacterial experiments,long-term drug releasing experiments and accumulation drug releasing experiments.Bone mesenchymal stem cells were used to detect the histocompatibility and inductivity of etimicin-carried scaffold.ResultsFreeze-dried porous scaffold has a surface with proper pore distribution (total porosity 70.68％) and the grinded scaffold has a globular and coliformed microstructure known after scanned by electron microscope.The drug-carried scaffold has a typical wave of hydroxyapatite under X-ray diffraction.The lasting antibacterial property study indicated that the drug-carried bone scaffold had maintained an inhibition zone for more than 7 days.The long-term drug releasing experiments and accumulation drug releasing experiments show that the fictional drug-carried bone scaffold released above the bacteriostasis concentration after one week and the accumulative amount within the safety scale.The scaffold had not an inhibitory effect on bone mesenchymal stem cells.ConclusionThe etimicin-encapsuled chitosar/ hydroxyapatite nano-scaffolds has similar microstructure and components of bone tissue.It is promising in bone tissue engineering applications because of its slow-release,antibacterial properties and satisfactory histocompatibility.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and initial experience of laparoscopic pyelolithoto- my within renal sinus.Methods A total of 19 patients(14 men and 5 women)of nephrolithiasis on 21 sides underwent laparoscopic pyelolithotomy within renal sinus.Of them,9 cases with other upper urinary tract diseases were treated by laparoseopic pyelolithotomy at the same time.The patient age ranged from 16 to 67 years(mean,41 years).The calculi were 1.2 to 3.5 cm in diameter,and were found on the right side in 11 cases,left side in 6,and both sides in 2.Five cases concomitantly had ureteral calculi;of them,1 had bi- lateral ureter calculi with ipsilateral steinstrasse,2 had pyelic polyp(1 with giant hydronephrosis after open ureterolithotomy),and 1 had giant bydronephrosis with pyelolithiasis during pregnancy with double-J tube drainage.Twelve cases(13 sides)had experienced unsuccessful extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy,and 1 failed with minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy.Results The procedure was successful in all the 19 cases.The operative time ranged from 75 to 240 rain(mean,115 rain).The intraoperative blood loss ranged from 30 to 100ml(mean,50 ml).One case experienced 5-d urine leakage,and was spontaneously cured.The hospital stay was 5-9 d(mean,6 d).Double-J tube drainage was 4-6 weeks.During the follow- up(3-36 months),KUB and IVU showed no upper urinary tract stricture and no residual stones except for 1 stone of 0.7 cm in the renal lower calyx in 1 case.The kidney function was improved in all cases.Con- clusions Laparoscopic pyelolithotomy is new and minimally invasive alternative approach for renal calculi. With this procedure the urinary tract complications can be treated concomitantly,thus it can partially replace open surgery.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and clinical effectiveness of the steroid therapy with the all body and local application on hyperthyroid Graves ophthalmopathy.Methods A total of 57 patients (106 eyes)suffering from hyperthyroid Graves ophthalmopathy who hospitalized in the Department of Ophthalmology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from Mar 2008 to Oct 2011 were enrolled in the study.Of the 57 patients,there were 21 males and 36 females,aged 18 to 57(average 37.28 ± 11.63).The clinical course was from 1 month to 5 years(average 29.63 ± 15.36 months).Based on the patient's age,sex and condition,the 57 patients were randomly divided into steroid pulse therapy with all body group(group SPT,29 patients,54 eyes)and peribulbar injection of long-term steraid group(group PI,28 patients,52 eyes).The patients in group SPT were treated with 0.5-l.0 g methylprednisolone by intravenous infusion daily for 3 days,and then stopped for 7 days,the treatment was repeated once.But the total application dose of methylprednisolone was not overruned 5.0-20.0 g.After that,the patients were treated with oral prednisone 40 mg/d.The dose of prednisone was reduced gradually to 5 mg/d.The total course of group SPT was 3 months.The patients in the group PI were treated with triamcinolone acetonide in periorbital injection of 20 mg once every two weeks for 3 months.After one month treated,all patients were visited.The patients' body weights of two groups were measured before the treatment and after one month treated.The ocular signs of the patients including visual acuity,diplopia,intraocular pressure,exophthalmos and horizontal visual palpebral fissure width were observed before and after the treatment.Results In the group SPT,the average body weight [(62.83 ± 7.23)kg]after the treatment was higher than that before the treatment[(57.03 ±7.13)kg],and also higher than that of the group PI[(59.89 ± 10.67)kg,t =25.25,2.08,all P＜ 0.05]after the treatment.In the group SPT,the average intraocular pressures before and after the treatment were (13.46 ± 1.78)and (13.69 ± 1.41)mm Hg(1 nm Hg =0.133 kPa),respectively.In the group PI,the average intraocular pressures before and after the treatment were (13.52 ± 2.19) and (13.77 ± 2.03)mm Hg,respectively.There was no significant differences before and after the treatment in both gr0ups(P＞ 0.05).In the group SPT and PI,the average exophthalmos after the treatment[(18.63 ± 2.22) and (14.85 ± 2.61)mm]were lower than those before the treatment[(20.78 ± 2.24) and (20.60 ± 2.81)mm,t =9.97,29.68,all P＜ 0.05],respectively.After the treatment,the average exophthalmos in the group PI was significantly lower than that of the group SPT(t =7.79,P＜ 0.05).In the groups SPT and PI,the average averagepalpebral fissure width after the treatment[(15.00 ± 1.80) and (11.65 ± 2.45)mm]were lower than those before the treatment[(17.22 ± 1.89) and (17.44 ± 2.37)mm,t =22.74,91.24,all P ＜ 0.05].After treatment of the group PI,the average exophthalmos was significantly lower than that of the group SPT(t =8.01,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Compared with the steroid pulse therapy with all body,the peribullbar application of long-term hormone for hyperthyroid Graves ophthalmopathy is more effective,with lcss side effects and worthy of promotion.