Objective To investigate the clinical features of moyamoya disease complicated with Graves′disease and the efficacy of extra-and intra-cranial revascularization. Methods The clinical data of 4 patients with moyamoya disease complicated with Graves′disease were analyzed retrospectively. Among them,three were females and one was a male. Their mean age was 32 ± 7 years. After medical treatment, their thyroid function was normal. The patients were treated with superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass grafting. Results (1) Three patients showed cerebral infarction and one showed frequent transient ischemic attack. DSA confirmed that 2 patients had unilateral moyamoya disease and 2 had bilateral moyamoya disease. Head MRI revealed brain infarcts. (2) The thyroid function was normal after drug treat-ment,the symptoms of moyamoya disease were stable in 3 cases. One patient had high metabolic symptoms, such as high fever and accelerated heart rate within one week after procedure. The patients were followedup for 6 to 18 months,one was good,3 were excellent,and there was no recurrence of Graves′disease. Postoperative head MRI revealed that the 4 patients did not have new brain infarcts. MRA showed that the arterial filling in cerebral sulci in the ischemic lesion areas was obviously improved compared with that before procedure. Retrograde filling of the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery M2-M3 segment was observed in 2 patients. Postoperative single photon emission computed tomography perfusion imaging revealed that the ischemic perfusion lesions on the operated sides were obviously improved compared with those before procedure. Conclusion When complicated with Graves′ disease,the symptoms of moyamoya disease will aggravate. It manifests as acute and chronic cerebral ischemia. After controlling the symptoms of hyperthyroidism,most cerebral ischemic symptoms can be alleviated. Superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass grafting may establish an effective collateral circulation and improve the clinical symptoms.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of unilateral pedicle screw fixation in treating thoracolumbar fractures through paraspinal approach.

METHODSFrom January 2006 to January 2009,21 patients with single level thoracolumbar fracture without neurological symptoms were treated with unilateral pedicle screw fixation through paraspinal approach. There were 14 males and 7 females,aged from 21 to 65 years old with a mean of 36.4 years. The duration from injury to operation ranged from 6 h to 5 d with an average of 3 d. According to the classification of Denis fracture, compression fractures happedned in 12 cases and burst fractures happened in 9 cases,including 1 case with T5 fracture, 2 cases with T7 fracture, 2 cases with T10 fracture, 3 cases with T11 fracture, 8 cases with T12 fracture, and 5 cases with L1 fracture. Based on the Flankel grade, all patients were classified as grade E. Anterior vertebral body height ratio, sagittal Cobb angle, condition of internal fixation failure, visual analogue score (VAS) were evaluated.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 12 to 36 months with an average of 20.5 months. No internal fixation failure was found. Anterior vertebral body height ratios at preoperative 3 days after operation and last follow-up were 54.3 +/- 2.8, 92.9 +/- 1.5, 93.8 +/- 1.7, respectively;sagittal Cobb angle at the three timepoints were (27.8 +/- 2.5) degrees, (5.3 +/- 0.8) degrees, (6.3 +/- 1.4) degrees, respectively; the difference was statistical significant (P < 0.05). VAS was (1.2 +/- 0.4) points at last follow-up and had obviously improved (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONTreatment of thoracolumbar fractures with unilateral pedicle screw fixation through paraspinal approach is safe with the advantages of micro-trauma and less blood loss,which can not only completely retain the posterior spinal complex structure, reinforce the spinal stability, raise the reductional quality, but also improve the strength of fixation and the distribution of stress force.

Adult ; Bone Screws ; Feasibility Studies ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; instrumentation ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spinal Fractures ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

Aim The purpose of this study was to compare the differential expression of 15-lipoxygenase isoenzymes in the pulmonary arteries between normoxia and hypoxia and to explore their roles in the formation of hypoxic pulmomary vasoconstriction. Method Eighteen SD rats were randomly divided into two groups(n=9):the normoxic control group breathing fresh gas and the hypoxic group breeding in animal hypoxic incubator.Immunohistochemical method,in situ hybridization and Western blot were employed to determine certain 15-lipoxygenase isoenzymes which involved in the process of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction.Results ①In normoxic control group,the expression of 15-LO-1 protein was detected in the pulmonary arteries;but the expression of 15-LO-2 protein wasn’t detected.②The expression of 15-LO-1 protein in hypoxic group was much stronger than that in normoxic group (P

Nerve growth factor is one of the most important factors playing an important role in regulating the growth, development and survival of the neuron. The purified NGF from human placenta has been reported, the tissue from which can be isolated the NGF is very limited. It is important for basic research and clinic application to expression hNGF by genetic engineering. By polymerase chain reaction,gene fragment encoding the mature part of ?-NGF was amplified using the DNA of human placenta as template. The fragment was sequenced and inserted into expression vector pET-15b, and the recombinant expression vector pET15b-NGF was transformed into E.coli BL21(DE3)pLysS. After inducing with IPTG the NGF was higher expressed up to 25% of the total cell proteins. The expression product was purified with metal chelate affinity chromatography on Ni-IDA agarose under denaturing condition. The purity of rNGF was higher than 90% and yield of rNGF was 4.56mg/L expressing bacteria. SDS-PAGE revealed the NGF expression product had a Mr 16kDa. Western-blot displayed the recombinant product had strong immunological activity with rabbit anti-human ?-NGF polyclonic antibodies. The expression products were dealed with solubilizing inclusion bodies and refolding protein. The test of nerve fiber growth of chicken embryo DRG neurons displayed rNGF had biological activity.

ObjectiveTo Compare the clinical results between microscope and loupes which used in microsurgical discectomy.MethodsA prospective randomized controlled trial of 93 patients who had undergone microsurgical discectomy from January 2007 to December 2010 was performed.Clinical results were assessed by comparing the following parameters between patients who had undergone the surgery by microscope and loupes:length of stay,hospitalization cost,operative time,estimated blood loss,Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score and JOA recovery rate,Odom's standard.ResultsForty-nine patients underwent surgery by microscope,and forty-four patients underwent surgery by loupes.Eighty patients received outpatient or telephone follow-up.The follow-up period was 6.17 to 52.90 months with an average of (29.64±13.05) months,and the follow-up rate was 86.02％.According preoperative data,the two groups didn't differ with respect to age,gender,level of radiculopathy,or preoperative JOA score and JOA recovery rate.No statistically significant differences were identified in postoperative JOA score and JOA recovery rate,length of stay,hospitalization cost,length of follow-up,or relapse rate.Statistically significant differences were identified in operative time,estimated blood loss,and follow-up JOA score and JOA recovery rate.Conclusion Microscope can provide relatively more clear and comfortable vision for the surgery.It can short the operative time,decrease blood loss,reduce the potential risk of nerve injury,and retain more normal tissue,which can ensure better clinical results.

OBJECTIVETo design a new 3-dimensional anatomical locking plate internal fixation on the basis of anatomic character of acetabulum for treating complex acetabular fractures except the posterior wall and posterior column fracture, and to investigate its advantages and disadvantages.

METHODSFive fresh adult cadavers and 40 biopsy specimens of pelvic cavity were collected. The length and radian of iliopectineal crest and pecten pubis,the distance from acetabular index to iliopectineal crest were measured to guide the research and development of the 3-dimensional anatomical locking plate internal fixation for complex acetabular fractures through the ilioinguinal approach or combined with Stoppa approach.

RESULTSThe average lengths of iliopectineal crest of male and female were (54.12+/-5.42) mm and (58.24+/-6.60) mm;and the radians were (64.26+/10.28)degrees and(60.32+/-12.26)degrees. The lengths of bow pubic were(122.21+/-8.02) mm and(126.52+/-7.84) mm;and the radians were (66.24+/-13.10)degrees and(63.25+/-12.10) degrees. The distance from acetabular index to iliopectineal crest of male and female were (18.6 + 2.2) mm and (18.9+/-2.5) mm. The 3-dimensional anatomical locking plate was used to treat compound acetabular fractures through ilio-inguinal groove incision or combined with Stoppa incision,including dislocated acetabular fractures at quadratic district,but not including paries posterior and columma posterior fractures.

CONCLUSIONThe self-designed 3-dimensional anatomical locking plate internal fixation has the characteristics of operational convenience, accurate fixation, mini operational trauma,short operational time and low operational risk,therefore it is especially suit for the complex acetabular fractures except the posterior wall and posterior column fracture which is difficult to be solved by contentional internal fixation.

Acetabulum ; injuries ; Bone Plates ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans ; Male

Objective To establish the chick embryo chorioallantioc membrane(CAM)as a model for in vivo research on endometriosis.The model was used to investigate the mechanism of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)antibody for treatment of endometriosis.Methods Human endometrial fragments were explanted onto the CAM.Then anti-VEGF antibody was used for the endometriosis-like lesions after transplantation of human endometrial fragments.The CAM models were treated respectively as control groups and experimental groups.The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotin- deoxyuridine triphosphate(dUTP)nick end labeling(TUNEL),proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) and microvessel density(MVD)were used in vivo for analysis of anti-angiogenesis.Results The apoptosis intensity of anti-VEGF antibody treated groups(6.7?0,9,6.9?0.8)was significantly higher than that of the control groups(5.0?0.9,5.4?1.1;P

There are two serious obstacles to tumor immunotherapy. Firstly, the immune response of the tumor is seriously reduced due to immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (ITM) and low immunogenicity of tumor. The second obstacle is the dense and complex heterogeneous structures, which seriously prevent the nanoparticles (NPs) from penetrating deeper into tumor tissue. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) induced by doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective method to enhance tumor immune activity. However, interferon-γ (IFN-γ) secreted by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) after ICD induction would increase the expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and enhance ITM. IDO1 siRNA would reduce the expression of IDO1 protein, regulate the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment and regulate ITM, so as to enhance the ICD effect of DOX. In this paper, a novel charge conversional, particle size reduction and highly penetrable NPs based on a pH sensitive copolymer poly(ethylene glycol)-poly-L-lysine-2,3-dimethylmaleic anhydride (mPEG-PLL-DMA, PLD) and polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers to achieve deep delivery of tumor tissue. DOX and IDO1 siRNA were encapsulated to achieve efficient tumor immunotherapy. Preparation and cell level experiments showed that PLD material had significant pH sensitivity. Results of 3D tumor penetrable experiment in vitro showed that adding the pH sensitive material PLD significantly improved the permeability of the preparation. In addition, 4T1 tumor model was established for BALB/c mice and all animal experiments were displayed in according with the requirements of the Animal Experiment Ethics Committee of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University. The results of in vivo efficacy experiments and tissue experiments evaluated that IDO1 siRNA significantly improved the ICD effect owing to DOX, so as to significantly inhibit tumor growth.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the predictive value of elevated fibrinogen and high-sensitivity C-reaction protein (hs-CRP) level on cardiovascular events in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD).

METHODSFrom January 2002 to November 2002, 185 patients (aged 47 - 85 years) with stable CAD referred for coronary angiography were enrolled and divided into control-F (fibrinogen level < or = 4.0 g/L, n = 104) and elevated-F (fibrinogen level > 4.0 g/L, n = 81), or control-hs (hs-CRP < or = 3.0 mg/L, n = 99) and elevated-hs (hs-CRP> 3.0 mg/L, n = 86). Exclusion criteria included cardiomyopathy, New York Heart Association class IV congestive heart failure, recent myocardial infarction or coronary artery revascularization and cancer. During three years follow-up, cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, stroke and other vascular events were assessed.

RESULTSA total of 21 cardiovascular nonfatal events and 10 cardiovascular deaths were observed. Cardiovascular events was significantly higher in patients in elevated-F group than that in control-F group [23.46% vs. 11.54%, cholesterol-, body mass index-, smoking-, and hypertension-adjusted relative risk 1.97, 95% CI (1.68 to 2.40), P < 0.05] and in elevated-hs group than in control-hs group [24.42% vs. 10.10%, adjusted relative risk 2.32, 95% CI (1.76 to 2.89), P < 0.05]. The relative risk of cardiovascular events for patients with fibrinogen > 4.0 g/L and hs-CRP > 3.0 mg/L was 3.84 (P < 0.05), 95% CI (2.80 to 4.99) compared with patients with fibrinogen < or = 4.0 g/L and hs-CRP < or = 3.0 mg/L.

CONCLUSIONBoth fibrinogen and hs-CRP are independent important predictors of cardiovascular nonfatal and fatal events in patients with stable CAD. Combination of elevated fibrinogen and hs-CRP increased their predictive value for cardiac events.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; C-Reactive Protein ; metabolism ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease ; blood ; pathology ; Female ; Fibrinogen ; metabolism ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical usage of percutanious retrograde acetabular anterior horn screw fixation.

METHODSFrom June 2006 to November 2011,27 patients with anterior horn accetabular fractures were treated with percutaneous retrograde screw. There were 20 males and 7 females with an average age of 35 years (ranged,20 to 61). According to Tile classification,type A was in 5 cases,type B was in 18 cases and type C was in 4 cases. The intra-operative blood loss volume, fractured reduction and screw location were observed.

RESULTSPostoperative X-ray and CT scan showed good reduction. According to the standard of Matta, 10 cases got excellent results, 15 good and 2 poor. All fractures healed and no complications such as neurovascular injuries and femoral head necrosis were found.

CONCLUSIONPercutanious retrograde acetabular anterior horn screw technique have advantages of little trauma, less blood loss volume, reliable fixation, which can be effectively used in clinic.

Acetabulum ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; surgery ; Adult ; Bone Screws ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Fractures, Bone ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiography