Objective To explore the causes and treatment of gastrointestinal complications after anterior approach for thoracolumbar fracture and dislocation.Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out in 153 cases with thoracolumbar fracture and dislocation undergone anterior approach from Jan- uary 1999 to October 2003.Postoperative gastrointestinal complication was seen in 15 cases including sev- en with dynamic intestinal obstructions,three with stress ulcer,three with intestinal bacteria imbalance, one with tuberculosis peritonitis resulted from dissemination of primary tuberculosis,and one with acute relapse of chronic appendicitis.Results All patients were effectively cured by using corresponding methods in regard of different causes.Conclusions(1)Gastrointestinal complications following ante- rior approach for thoracolumbar fracture and dislocation are mainly resulted from following causes,ie,se- rious primary trauma,primary gastrointestinal vegetative nerve injury or that caused by surgical operation, intraoperative contusions of abdominal viscera,postoperative retroperitoneal hematoma,acute lesion of gastric mucous membrane as well as imbalance of intestinal flora.(2)Correct treatment of primary trau- ma,meticulous operation,reasonable utility of antibiotics and appropriate management can effectively prevent and control gastrointestinal complications.

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the degradation of tryptophan to kynurenine. IDO1 is highly expressed in some tumor tissues. IDO1 can deplete tryptophan in tumor microenvironment, inhibit T cell function, and mediate the immune escape of tumor cells. Thus, IDO1 is considered a potential target of tumor immunotherapy. Currently, there are several IDO1 inhibitors in clinical research studies. The mechanism of IDO1-mediated tumor immune escape and the structure of IDO1 inhibitors are summarized in this review.

Objective To evaluate abdominal imaging in AIDS.Methods The imaging examinations(including US,CT and MR)of 6 patients with AIDS associated abdominal foci were analysed retrospectively.All the cases were performed US,and CT scan,of which 4 performed enhanced CT scan and 1 with MR.Results Abdominal tuberculosis were found in 4 patients,including abdominal lymph nodes tuberculosis(3 cases)and pancreatic tuberculosis(1 case).The imaging of lymph nodes tuberculosis typically showed enlarged peripheral rim enhancement with central low-attenuation on contrast-enhanced CT. Pancreatic tuberculosis demonstrated low-attenuation area in pancreatic head and slightly peripheral enhancement.Disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma was seen in 1 case:CT and MRI scan demonstrated tumour infiltrated along hepatic portal vein and bronchovascular bundles.Pelvic tumor was observed in 1 case:CT scan showed large mass with thick and irregular wall and central low attenuation liquefacient necrotic area in the pelvic cavity.Conclusion The imaging findings of AIDS with abdominal foci is extraordinarily helpful to the diagnosis of such disease.Tissue biopsy is needed to confirm the diagnosis.

AlM:To investigate the changes of retinal histology and oxidative stress in diabetic retinopathy and its reversal by pyruvate in diabetic rats.
METHODS: Eighty Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups:control group ( 20 rats ) , model group ( 30 rats ) and treatment group ( 30 rats ) . After streptozotocin ( STZ) induced diabetes mellitus in the model group and the treatment group, the treatment group received 2%pyruvate in diet and drinking. The changes of body weight and blood glucose were observed and the changes of glutathione peroxidase ( GSH-PX ) , malonie dialdehyde ( MDA) , and Na+-K+-ATPase levels of retinal tissue and retinal ultrastructure were investigated in three groups at 12wk after occurrence of diabetes.
RESULTS: Compared with control group, the body weight of the model group were significantly decreased, the activities of GSH-PX and ATP in the retina of diabetic rats were significantly lower, the MDA was signigicantly higher and significant changes occurred in retinal ultrastructure. Compared with model group, the blood glucose of the treatment group had no significant changes. However, the activities of GSH and ATP in the retina of diabetic rats were higher, the MDA was lower and the retinal ultrastructure was comparatively mild.
CONCLUSlON:Pyruvate can alleviate oxidatie stress reaction, improve the energy metabolism of retina, and delay the development of retinopathy.

This study was to improve the way for selecting ura5 mutants of Cryptoccocus neoformans Cap59 capsule-deficient strains.They were induced by Diethyl Sulfate. Ura5 mutants were screened by 5-fluoroorotic acid counter selection method. Using the new method, we obtained two ura5 mutants of Cryptoccocus neoformans Cap59 capsule-deficient strain.A easy method that was used to screen ura5 mutants of Cryptoccocus neoformans has been established.

Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Lung ; diagnostic imaging ; Pneumoconiosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods

Objective To explore the temporal and spatial expression pattern of tenascin-c(tnc) and tenascin-w(tnw) in zebrafish early development,to further explore the role of tenacsin in zebrafish embryo development,and the association between them.Methods Zebrafish embryos at 2 hours post fertilization(hpf),4 hpt,8 hpt,10 hpf,24 hpt,48 hpr,72 hpf and 7 days post fertilization(dpf) were collected to extract RNA for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and fix the embryos at different stages for in situ hybridization.Temporal and spatial expression pattern of tnc and tnw on different stages of zebrafish early development was observed.Results tnc and tnw all expressed in zebrafish from 24 hpf to 7 dpf,but did not expressed from 2 hpf to 10 hpf.Tnc expressed at pharyngeal arch,notochord,somite in 24 hpf,then weakly expressed at somite,but highly expressed at otic vesicle,pectoral fin and hindbrain in 48 hpf,and tnc was expressed at hindbrain,pharyngeal and notochord and disappeared at somite and pectoral.tnw expressed at hindbrain,midbrain and otic vesicle in 24 hpf,expressed at somite,notochord,hindbrain,otic vesicle and pharyngeal in 48 hpf.In 72 hpf,tnw expressed weakly at somite and notochord.Conclusions Zebrafish tnc and tnw have special temporal and spatial expression pattern,and share partial overlapping expression pattern.

Objective To explore the expression pattern of tenascin-c(tnc)gene in zebrafish embryo abnormal development which was induced by ethanol,and to further understand the function of tnc gene in embryo develepment.Methods Zebrafish were treated with ethanol at different concentration from 100 to 500 mmol/L,and embryos at 24 and 48 hours were collected and fixed,then tnc expression pattern was observed by in situ hybridization and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results The result of RT-PCR showed that ethanol at 100 and 200 mmol/L could increase the expression of tnc,while the result of in situ hybridization showed that,while ethanol at 300 mmol/L and above decrease the expression of tnc in presumptive position at 24 hours,and ethanol at 100 mmol/L and above caused increase expression of tnc in zebrafish heart.Conclusions tnc is increased when treated with 100 and 200 mmol/L ethanol and is presented in the abnormal development of hearts of zebrafish,which can promote the normal development of embryos in some degrees.The expression pattern of tnc in pathologic state is highly conserved in all vertebrate,and in adult and embryos as well.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the intra- and postoperative hemorrhage of percutaneous nephrolithotomy via the standard nephrostomy tract.

METHODSA retrospective analysis was conducted among 1578 patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy. During the operations, all the nephrostomy tracts were dilated to F24 size after successful puncture. The stones were shattered and removed by EMS lithotrity system.

RESULTSAll the patients showed intra- and postoperative hemorrhage, and in 121 cases, blood transfusion was needed. In 18 patients, the operation had to be terminated for severe hemorrhage. The 8 patients with repeated bleeding were managed and cured by blood transfusion and medication. In another 2 cases, severe hemorrhage was found to result from false aneurysms by renal arteriography and managed by superselective embolization.

CONCLUSIONPercutaneous nephrolithotomy through standard nephrostomy tract is safe and does not increase the risk of bleeding with careful operation.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Blood Loss, Surgical ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrostomy, Percutaneous ; methods ; Postoperative Hemorrhage ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

Norovirus ; chemistry ; Receptors, Virus ; physiology ; Viral Structural Proteins ; chemistry ; immunology ; Viral Vaccines ; immunology