The relevant literatures of Siwu series decoctions--Taohong Siwu decoction for treating primary dysmenorrea of gynecology blood stasis syndrome were summarized including the clinical application, pharmacological effects, bioactive components and metabolic characteristics. On this basis,research on the bioactive components and formulation rule were discussed, to provide reference for modern traditional Chinese medicine formula study.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Dysmenorrhea ; drug therapy ; Female ; Humans

Objective To identify the important risk factors for type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and develop effective strategies to address the problem of T2DM.Our study aimed to evaluate the association between apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genetic polymorphism and type 2 diabetes,and to provide clues for the etiology of T2DM.Methods Based on the criteria of inclusion and exclusion,we extracted,pooled,analyzed and assessed the case-control studies of ApoE polymorphism and T2DM published in PubMed,Web of Science,Medline,WanFang,VIP,and CNKI databases by R soft-ware (version 3.4.3).We used Random-effect models when heterogeneity was present in between-study,and fixed-effect models otherwise.Results We had 59 studies covering 6,872 cases with T2DM and 8,250 controls,and compared the alleles and genotypes of ApoE between cases and controls.When we conducted a comparison between ApoE ε4 and ε3 alleles,we produced a pooled OR of 1.18 (95％ CI:1.09-1.28;P ＜ 0.001).ApoE ε2/ε2 genotype displayed a possible association with T2DM (OR =1.46;95％ CI:1.11-1.93;P =0.007),ε3/ε4 genotype showed a 1.11-fold risk (OR =1.11;95％ CI:1.01-1.22;P =0.039) and ε4/ε4 genotype had a 1.71-fold risk of developing T2DM (OR =1.71;95％ CI:1.33-2.19;P ＜ 0.001) when they were compared with ε3/ε3 genotype.Conclusions There is an association between ApoE polymorphism and T2DM:allele ε4 and genotypes (ε2/ε2,ε3/ε4,and ε4/ε4) are associated with the increased risk for the development of T2DM,and they may be risk factors for T2DM.

OBJECTIVETo analyse the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of carotid body tumor (CBT).

METHODSSeven patients with CBT had been hospitalized between 2003 and 2006. The clinical data was analyzed retrospectively. The preoperative evaluation included angiography in 7 patients. Most of them had an asymptomatic cervical lateral mass. Only one patient had the hoarseness and buckling and was given radiation therapy alone. Six of seven patients with carotid body tumour underwent surgery. Simple tumor excision was accomplished in 4. Carotid artery resection with the tumor was required in 2 patients and in the both, interposition of a 7 mm polytetrafluoroethylene graft was performed . During the resection, temporary carotid shunt was required in the two patients.

RESULTSAll tumors by surgery were identified as carotid paragangliomas without evidence of malignancy. There was no mortality and no hemiplegia. After surgery, temporary cranial nerve dysfunction was noted in one case. In the follow-up period of 2 months to 2 years, no recurrent disease occurred. The patient's tumor who accepted radiotherapy was in the stable stage under the half year follow up, and the follow up would be further continued.

CONCLUSIONSWith non-invasive investigation and arteriography it was possible to obtain an early and precise diagnosis. The surgical management was the major treatment of these tumors. The pattern of operation should be chosen according to the relation of tumor and carotid. The decision to perform simple tumor excision or additional arterial resection was based on diagnostic preoperative and after the arterial resection the polytetrafluoroethylene graft would be used for carotid reconstruction.

Adult ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation ; Carotid Body Tumor ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies

Angelicae Sinensis Radix-Chuanxiong Rhizoma has the effects of nourishing and tonifying blood, activating blood and dissipating blood stasis, regulating menstruation and analgetic, which is commonly used Chinese medicine pair (CMP) in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinic. It might be an independent formula, and is also usually used in many gynecological formulae and modern TCM prescriptions. This paper mainly analyzed and summarized the compatibility theory, bio-active constituents, compatibility effects and action mechanism, and clinical applications of the CMP, which can provide a basis for the depth research and development of the CMP.
Animals ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Drug Interactions ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods

The total effect of Chinese medicine pair (CMP) was not the simply addition of two single herbs, but the interaction of their different components. Therefore, the research on the bio-active components of CMP is the basis of CMP compatibility study, and has important significance for revealing the compatibility effect and action mechanism, and creating traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) new drugs. This paper summed up the latest research progress of CMP on the basis of the bio-active components variation regularity of CMP from chemical solutions and content changes in vitro and the actions of CMP on bodies in vivo, in order to further drive the modern basic and applied research of CMP, and to reveal the scientific essence of CMP compatibility.
Animals ; Drug Compounding ; Drug Interactions ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Pharmacokinetics

Objective To clarify the clinical features,therapeutic strategy and prognosis of lipid storage myopathy (LSM).Methods The clinical data and therapeutic effects of 42 LSM patients were summarized retrospectively.All patients were followed up to evaluate their prognosis.Results Data of short-term therapeutic results of all the 42 patients were available.Thirty-three cases were placed in low- doses prednisone and 9 cases in riboflavin.All patients showed marked and quick improvement of symptoms within one month.Among thirty-two patients followed up for more than one year,26 cases had a full recovery and 6 remained to have intolerance to heavy exercise.Thirteen patients had relapses of muscle weakness in various degrees and most of which were induced by exertion,exposure to coldness and upper respiratory tract infection.In 5 patients the symptoms were recurred for more than one time.Among 13 cases with relapses, 7 had family history.Conclusions Our data suggest that LSM is a treatable disease and well responsive to low-doses prednisone.The disease tends to recur,especially in patients with family history.Glutaric aciduria type Ⅱ should be considered in LSM patients who are responsive well to riboflavin,indicating drug therapeutic strategy for LSM should be based on the etiology of the disease.

Objective To investigate the clinical,neuroimaging and myopathological features of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes(MELAS).Methods The clinical manifestations,neuroimaging and myopathological features of 31 patients with MELAS diagnosed in our Neuromuscular Center in the recent 7 years were retrospectively analyzed.A3243G point mutations were analyzed by RFLP method in 10 patients.Results ①Clinical features:There were 18 male patients and 13 female patients.The age of onset ranged from 3 to 43 years,averaging 21.9 years.The averaged duration was 4.9 years.Thirteen patients in this group had family history of maternal inheritance pattern.The main clinical manifestations included short stature(26 patients),recurrent headache and vomiting(24 patients), muscle weakness(22 patients),epileptic seizure(21 patients),cognitive decline(19 patients),visual disturbance(17 patients),sensorineural deafness(16 patients),ataxia(6 patients),psychiatric symptom (8 patients),external ophathalmoplegia(2 patients)and diabetes mellitus(9 patients).The serum CK level was slightly elevated in 6 patients,and the fasting blood lactic acid was increased in 15 of the 18 detected patients.②Neuroimaging features:The stroke-like lesions were mostly confined to cerebral cortex, including temporal lobe(24 patients),occipital lobe(21 patients),parietal lobe(12 patients)and frontal lobe(4 patients).Three patients had deep white matter involvement.Migrating stroke-like lesions were confirmed in 4 patients by repeated cranial CT/MRI examination.In addition,cerebral atrophy(17 patients)and bilateral basilar ganglion calcification(11 patients)were found.③Myopathological features: Scattered ragged red fibers(RRF)in various number were found in all the patients by MGT staining.Other founding included strongly SDH-reactive blood vessel(27 patients),COX enzyme deficiency(19 patients), and mild to moderate lipid storage in RRF(20 patients).④MtDNA analysis showed 9 patients with A3243G point mutation in all the detected 13 patients.Conclusion The clinical and neuroimaging features may offer important clue to the diagnosis of MELAS,but a definite diagnosis of MELAS relies on the myopathology and mtDNA mutation analysis.

Objective To determine the expression of membrane-bound B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) protein and its mRNA in vitro of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE),and to investigate the role of interferon-?(IFN-?) on the expression of BLyS.Methods PBMCs were obtained from 25 SLE patients (mean age of 31+14) and 20 healthy volunteers (mean age of 28?10).They were randomized into IFN-?(5 ng/ml) group and control group.PBMCs were col- lected at 0,6,12 and 24 h for BLyS mRNA assessment using semi-quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR).PBMCs were also collected at 72 h for membrane-bound BLyS protein detection using flow cy- tometry (FACS) and direct immunofluorescence.Results①The expression of BLyS mRNA and membrane- bound protein in PBMCs was significantly higher in individuals with SLE compared with healthy controls (P＜0.05);②IFN-?enhanced BLyS mRNA expression in PBMCs in both healthy controls and SLE patients,with the greatest effect at 6 h (stimulated vs unstimulated,0.42?0.19 vs 0.25?0.14,P＜0.01;0.59?0.28 vs 0.44?0.21,P＜0.01 );③IFN-?also increased the expression of membrane-bound BLyS protein in both healthy con- trols and individuals with SLE (FACs,mean fluorescence intensity,4.5+3.0 vs 3.7~2.6,P

The microsatellite (SSLP) marker RM262,which is tightly linked to the blast resistance gene Pi-d(t) in rice, provides means to conduct marker-aided selection in a rice breeding program. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of this marker to select the blast resistance gene, Pi-d(t), in two crosses for rice blast resistance breeding. The products with amplified the microsatellite primers were polymorphic between the three varietes examined. To examine the power of the identified microsatellite marker in predicting the Pi-d(t) locus, we determined the genotypes of the two F2 populations at the Pi-d(t) locus by performing progeny testing for the disease respones. The results indicated an accuracy of more than 98 % in identifying the resistant plants in both populations. Therefore the microsatellite marker can be utilized in marker-assisted selection and breeding for new varieties with blast resistance.

This study was aimed to detect the mutations and microsatellite instability (mtMSI) in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop region in bone marrow cells of acute leukemia (AL) patients, and to analyze their relationship with the pathogenesis of AL. 19 cases of newly diagnosed AL were enrolled in this study. Through extracting mtDNA, the D-loop region was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the sequences of PCR products were detected by the pros- and cons-direct sequencing methods. The sequencing results were compared with the revised Cambridge reference sequence (rCRS) and the relevant database (MITOMAP database, GenBank database, mtDB database). The results showed that the mutation rate of mtDNA D-loop region in AL was 79% (15/19). 215 variations (35 mutations, 180 SNP) and a kind of mtMSI in the D-loop region were detected. A new type of mutation nt150 C-CT was found. Also, there was no significant difference in the number of mutations between patients with different ages and different types of AL (AML, B-ALL). It is concluded that there is high frequency of mutations in the mtDNA D-loop, and the mutations may be associated with the pathogenesis of AL.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Child ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia ; genetics ; Male ; Microsatellite Instability ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Young Adult