As a heritable regulation , epigenetics can regulate gene expression by other ways without changing the DNA sequence ,and change cell or individual phenotypes .DNA methylation is an issue in the field of epigenetics research.Recently,many studies have been demonstrated that the methylation of repetitive DNA ,spe-cific gene and CpG island and loss of imprinting play an important role in tumor occurrence .As the development of technological approaches to DNA methylation ,we have a more comprehensive understanding on methylation pat-terns.As specific markers,abnormal methylation sites in the genome can be used in the diagnosis ,treatment and prognosis predictor of disease .For tumor development caused by DNA methylation ,the application of demethylat-ing drugs have achieved good effect in clinical treatment .

Objective To investigate question comprehension and production among agrammatic aphasics, and to explore the mechanisms of any dysfunction in questioning.Methods Twenty aphasics were recruited in this study.According to the Chinese Agrammatism Battery,10 were classified as agrammatic (the agrammatic group) and 10 as non-agrammatic (the non-agrammatic group).Ten normal subjects served as a control group.All the subjects were tested in terms of their comprehension and production of questions using a set of general and what-where-who- why questions (wh-questions).Results No significant difference was found between the two experimental groups with regard to the correct comprehension and production of both general and wh-questions.However,there was a sig- nificant difference in correctness between comprehension and production.The performance of the agrammatic aphasics was worse than that of the non-agramatics and the normal subjects.Conclusion The impaired question comprehen- sion and production of Chinese agrammatic aphasics has its own characteristies which can form a basis for rehabilita- tion planning and outcome prediction.

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical result and assess clinical value of cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty with a novel cerclage cable technique for treatment of unstable intertrochanteric hip fractures in senile patients.

METHODSForty-eight consecutive patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures were treated in our hospital from March 2001 to March 2006 (Evans type III in 11 cases, Evans type IV in 25 cases and Evans type V in 22 cases). All the cases were evaluated by Zuckerman functional recovery score (FRS) and operative risk assessment software 1 (ORAS1), which were based on the patients' physical and laboratory examinations preoperatively. Seventeen cases (19 hips) were treated with cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty. There were 5 male cases (5 hips) and 12 female cases (14 hips, including 2 patients who suffered from additional slight injuries and resulted in contralateral hip fracture and were treated with the same procedure 3 months after the first operation). The average age was 85 years (78-95 years). All the operations were carried out under general anesthesia, through Southern incision and lateral approach by the same orthopaedic surgeon. All prostheses consisted of Link SPII femoral stem and bipolar femoral head. All patients were followed up for more than 30 days.

RESULTSThe operative risks of all the 17 cases (19 hips) were calculated by ORAS1 preoperatively. The average preoperative FRS was 81.7 (80.7-82.7). The average predictive value of operative morbidity was 10% (7%-15%). The average predictive value of mortality was 2.97% (2.1%-3.2%). The average operation time was 1.5 hours. The average blood transfusion was 400 ml. There were no operative or anesthetic complications and no deaths within 30 days after operation. Sitting up was permitted 3 to 4 days after operation, and partial weight bearing was permitted 5 to 7 days after operation. Patients were allowed to walk with a walker 10 days after operation. The average FRS was 78.7 at 30 days postoperatively. No patient died during at least one year follow-up.

CONCLUSIONSAlthough the value of the technique of cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty in the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric hip fracture is not widely recognized, we have consistently achieved satisfactory results with strict preoperative risk assessment, strict indication selection and systematic postoperative rehabilitation.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; methods ; Bone Cements ; Female ; Hip Fractures ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Treatment Outcome

PURPOSE: This study was designed to assess the protein levels of transformation/transcription domain-associated protein (TRRAP) in invasive ductal breast carcinomas, and investigated the association between TRRAP and the clinicopathological features of breast cancer. METHODS: We examined TRRAP protein expression in 470 breast cancer tissues and normal breast tissues by tissue microarray to study the correlation between TRRAP expression and clinicopathological features. This was analyzed using the chi-square test. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and log-rank tests were applied to analyze the survival status. Cox regression was applied for multivariate analysis of prognosis. RESULTS: The data demonstrated that expression of TRRAP was significantly lower in breast carcinomas (36.6%) than in corresponding normal breast tissues (50.8%). In addition, TRRAP protein levels negatively correlated with tumor size, and indicated poor differentiation, increased nodal involvement, and low p53-positive rates. Analysis of survival revealed that lower TRRAP expression correlated with shorter survival time. Univariate analyses identified TRRAP and progesterone receptor as independent protective factors for breast cancer prognosis. However, Ki-67, tumor size, and nodal involvement appeared to be independent risk factors. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate a significant correlation between TRRAP protein levels and adverse prognosis in breast cancer. Therefore, TRRAP could be a prognostic biomarker for breast cancer. In addition, TRRAP is also a predictive biomarker of breast cancer treatment.
Biomarkers ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Multivariate Analysis ; Prognosis ; Receptors, Progesterone ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo construct Epithelia Membrane Protein 1 gene-deficient in human fetal nucleus pulposus model by lentivirus-mediated RNA interference for building a platform for illustrating the biomechanisms role of EMP-1 during human intervertebral disc degeneration.

METHODSThe lentivirus vector with shRNA targeting EMP-1 mRNA was transected into 293FT cells by liposome. Then the lentivirus supernatant was obtained and used for infecting human fetal nucleus pulposus. The expression of GFP was observed under fluorescence microscope after 48 h. The viral particles were collected at 72 h after transfection. The efficacy of gene interference was tested by Western blot and Real-time RT-PCR. Analysis the results of the fluorescent microscope scenes and get the average values of EMP-1/GAPDH by detected the interference efficiency of various interference DNA sequences with western blot and semi quantitative RT-PCR methods.

RESULTSThe lentivirns with high titer were obtained and the EMP-1 gene deficient cell strains were obtained. Semi quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot proved the average values of EMP-1/GAPDH decreased from 0.46 to 0.32 and 0.5 to 0.25 (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONLentivirus packaging technology can be mastered skillfully. EMP-1 gene-deficient cell models are successfully established.

Fetus ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc ; metabolism ; Lentivirus ; genetics ; Neoplasm Proteins ; genetics ; RNA Interference ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; genetics ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo discuss the treatment of advanced cancer of abdominal cryptorchidism.

METHODSThe combined method, including preoperation chemotherapy + surgery + postoperation radiotherapy and chemotherapy, was used to treat 12 cases of the advanced cancer of abdominal cryptorchidism and the effects were evaluated.

RESULTSThe patients recovered smoothly without complications of operation. The side effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy was very slight. Eleven out of 12 cases were followed up. All 11 cases survived and had no recurrence.

CONCLUSIONThe results of combined method to treat advanced cancer of abdominal cryptorchidism is very perfect.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cryptorchidism ; complications ; pathology ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Testicular Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; etiology ; radiotherapy ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the validity of intraoperative magnetic MEP (motor evoked potentials) monitoring in a spinal-cord-menaced surgery.

METHODS32 rabbits were employed in weight-drop spinal cord contusion model. After anesthetized with a combination of Ketamine and Droperidol the spinal cords were surgically exposed with the dura intact, and the contusion injuries were delivered except the rabbits in control group. The MEPs were recorded and the relationship between the variation of the MEPs and the residual locomotor capacity after spinal cord injury was analyzed.

RESULTSThe 6 rabbits in mild-spinal-cord-injury group experienced transient attenuation of their TMS-MEPs, and the locomotor capacity remained intact (scores of 5) in almost all rabbits (5 of 6) when assessed 24 hours later; In the moderate-spinal-cord-injury group the 8 rabbits lost their TMS-MEP immediately after the weight-drop contusion, but they regained them partly in 1 hour one after another and scored 4 or 5 in the assessment of muscle power next day except for one score of 2; 8 rabbits had their spinal cords impaired severely in the contusion procedure and lost their TMS-MEP too but without recovery, their locomotor capacity outcomes were very poor, 5 of them had no response to transcranial magnetic stimulation next day, and in the other 3 rabbits we only found some polyphase waves with variant latency and lower amplitude which did not resemble common compound muscle action potential (CMAPs) evoked by TMS.

CONCLUSIONSMyogenic TMS-MEPs was very sensitive to the spinal cord injury and should be a valid technique for intraoperative monitoring, and a slight change of them, even if a transient lose, should be unnecessarily related to a severe movement disorder. The warning threshold for a given patient should depend on the malady itself.

Acute Disease ; Animals ; Brain ; physiopathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Evoked Potentials, Motor ; physiology ; Female ; Male ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; Prognosis ; Rabbits ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; physiopathology ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA expression and the biological behaviors of prostate carcinoma (PCa).

METHODSThe expression of COX-2 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR method in 32 samples of PCa and the COX-2/GAPDH value was determined. Seven normal prostate tissues were served as control.

RESULTSThe expression of COX-2 mRNA in normal tissue of 7 control cases was all negative. There was statistical correlation between the COX-2/GAPDH and the Gleason scores of PCa. There also showed statistical correlation between the COX-2/GAPDH and the stages of PCa.

CONCLUSIONCOX-2 mRNA play an important role in occurrence and progression of the PCa. COX-2 is a tumor marker which may be the possible prognostic factor of PCa.

Adult ; Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Prostate ; metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Objective To estimate correlation between phonetically balanced maximum(PB max)and pure tone auditory threshold in auditory neuropathy(AN)patients.nethods 0ne hundred and six ANpatients were identified using multipie criteria including PB max,a metric for speech recognition,pure tone auditory threshold.acoustic emission test.distortion products otoacoustic emission(DPOAE) and auditory brainstem response(ABR).SPSS statistical software was used to estimate the Pearson's correlation between PB max and pure tone auditory threshold and to test whether pure tone auditory threshold,or auditory configuration had a significant impact on PB max.Results Even the patients had the same or similar values for pure tone auditory threshold or auditory configuration.varied values of PB max were found in two hundreds and twelve ears for 106 patients.Analysis of the data for 106 patients revealed a negative correlation(r=-0.602,P<0.01) between PB max and pure tone auditory threshold,i.e.hearing loss at a mild relates to a lower PB max.By using analysis of variance(ANOVA)method,it Was found that both pure tone auditory threshold and auditory configuration had a significant(P<0.01)impact on the patients' PB max.Conclusions This analysis implicated the promise and potential of pure tone auditory threshold and auditory configuration for predicting PB max of the AN patients,and improving the diagnosis of AN.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical effectiveness of three localization methods, including methylene blue, metal clips and intraoperative colonoscopy in laparoscopic colorectal surgery.

METHODSA retrospective analysis was performed to review the clinical data of 64 patients who underwent the laparoscopic colorectal operations in Cancer Hospital of Fudan University from December 2009 to June 2012. Three methods of tumor localization were used perioperatively, including 23 cases of methylene blue, 20 of metal clips and 21 of colonoscopy.

RESULTSOperations were successfully performed in this cohort and there were no deaths or complications. In methylene blue group, intraoperative colonoscopy was performed in two cases because of the inability to visualize blue dye on the serosal surface of the intestinal wall, another 2 cases were converted to open operation because of methylene blue diffusion and inability to identify resection margin. Intraoperative colonoscopic localization was required for 3 cases of sigmoid colon or upper rectal tumor because of inaccurate tumor localization by metal clips. Poor operative exposure due to obvious bowel distension prompted the conversion to open surgery in 2 cases of colonoscopy localization group, and the accurate position of the lesion was not found in another 2 cases due to long pedunculated adenoma.

CONCLUSIONSColorectal tumor can be localized effectively by endoscopic methylene blue tattooing at a maximum of 2 tumors before operation and the method of 4-point positioning can significantly improve the accuracy of colorectal tumor localization. Tumor localization preoperatively on the day of surgery by metal clip is accurate for the right or left colon cancer. Intraoperative colonoscopy can localize tumor accurately and rapidly for rectosigmoid or descending tumor, and the incidence of bowel distension can be significantly reduced. Localization method should be considered according to the tumor location and surgical procedure.

Adult ; Aged ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome