Sanqi (Panax notoginseng) is a valuable unique herb, and is also one of the very fast developed varieties of traditional Chinese medicines in recent years with increasing role in traditional Chinese medicine industry. This paper summarized the main experience, industry development and present situation, pointed out the main problems existing in the industry development. On this basis, we put forward the targets and measures for the development of the Sanqi industry in to provide decision-making reference for the sustainable development of the Sanqi industry in China.
China ; Drug Industry ; economics ; trends ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; economics ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; economics ; trends ; Panax notoginseng ; chemistry ; growth & development

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and clinical outcomes of second sacral alar-iliac (S2AI) technique utilized in patients with tuberculosis of Lumbosacral spine.Methods 24 cases (15 male,9 female,aged 36-73 years old,average 47.1 years) of tuberculosis of Lumbosacral spine were collected for surgery using spinal and pelvic fixation system (S2AI or IS) between January 2014 and May 2016.Lumbosacral pain and restricted movement were noticed in all cases,of which 9 cases with radiating pain of lower limb and 7 cases with intermittent claudication,2 cases with saddle anesthesia.Formal anti-tuberculosis medicine treatment was given for at least 2-3 weeks before operation.All patients with lumbosacropelvic fixation were compared by recording with ESR/CRP,preoperatively,postoperatively and the last following-up.The clinical effect oswestry disability index (ODI) score,visual analogue scale (VAS),ambulatory status,SF-36 scale and related complications of 2 groups were also compared.Results The average follow-up period was average 23.4 months in the two groups.The results show that operative time,blood loss,drainage time,hospitalization days and fusion time were not statistically significant;the recording of ESR,CRP,ODI,VAS scores and ambulatory status scores between S2AI and IS groups showed no significantly different,preoperatively,postoperatively and the last following-up.Comparisons within each group were improved at postoperatively and the last following-up related to preoperatively;The difference of the SF-36 scales in each group was statistically significant between preoperatively and the last following-up;There was no statistically difference in recurrence,sinus,pseudarthrosis between two groups,but The S2AI technique was associated with lower rates of symptomatic screw prominence compared to the IS technique.Conclusion Application of S2AI screw technique in the treatment of lumbosacral tuberculosis can achieve solid fixation and satisfactory clinical effect,and reduce the complications of traditional IS screws,which is an alternative method of posterior structure reconstruction of lumbosacral tuberculosis.

With the significant and continuous growth of the research and application of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) all over the world, the demand for medical information services has been increasing correspondingly. However, the barriers of accessing and utilizing non-English literature, and the barrier of language have blocked English speaking clinicians and researchers of CAM from obtaining high quality and authoritative medical evidence from the non-English medical resources. This article, with introducing the UCLA Information Center for East-West Integrative Medicine, will demonstrate a new collaborative mode of integrative medicine information service between China and the US, and discuss the perceived challenges.
China ; Complementary Therapies ; Information Services ; Information Storage and Retrieval ; Integrative Medicine ; Language ; United States

OBJECTIVETo study effects of different interval year on Panax notoginseng plant soils middle and micro element content.

METHODThe dynamic change of Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu, Zn, B from Mabai, Matang, Gumu and Panlong were determined under different planting patterns (new soil, interval 5 years soil and continuous cropping soil).

RESULTAll the micro elements (except Ca, Mg) of interval 5 years soil and continuous cropping soil were significantly higher than those of new soil. All the middle and micro elements (except B) of interval 5 years soil were significantly higher than those of the continuous cropping soil. Planting patterns had remarkable influence on the content of Mn, Cu, B, but not Zn Ca, Mg. Cu, Ca under the 3 planting patterns, and Zn under the continuous cropping pattern did not show significant quarter changes. B content increased with the elongation of implantation time. Zn in new soil and interval 5 years also increased with prolonging of planted time. Mg, Mn and Cu content reached to peak value on April next year, and reached to minimum on the end of this experiment. Compared with new soil, the proportion of Mn, Cu in total elements increased by 29%, 114%, Mg, B decreased by 18%, 38%, Zn and Ca changed slightly of interval 5 years soils; In continuous cropping soil, Mn, Cu and B increased by 50%, 120%, 22%, respectively, but Zn, Ca, Mg had no significant change.

CONCLUSIONContinuous cropping pattern could not induce the deficient of soil middle and micro elements, and thereafter might not result in continuous cropping obstacles. But the imbalance proportional of soil middle and micro elements in P. notoginseng plant soils may be one of the main reasons for continuous cropping obstacles.

China ; Kinetics ; Panax notoginseng ; growth & development ; Soil ; chemistry ; Time Factors ; Trace Elements ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study effects of different interval year on Panax notoginseng plant soils macro element content.

METHODThe dynamic change of total N, P, K and available N, P, K in soil from Mabai, Matang, Gumu and Panlong was determined under different planting patterns (new soil, interval 5 years soil and continuous cropping soil).

RESULTContents order of soil total N, P and available N, P were interval 5 years soil > continuous cropping soil > new soil. No significant quarter change on soil total N was found, but the other three showed inverted "v" curve, and the peak value appeared on April 2010. Content of soil total K did not change significantly, but the available K content order was new soil > continuous cropping soil > interval 5 years soil, the quarter change was similar as soil available N or P. The soil total N, P, K and available N, P, K were different of the 4 monitoring sites under the 3 interval planting modes. There was a significant correlation between soil total P and available P under all these 3 interval planting modes, but N and K. The propitiation of N-P-K of new soil, interval 5 years soil and continuous cropping soil were 1: 0.4: 2.4, 1: 0.4:1.4, 1:0. 4:2.0, respectively.

CONCLUSIONContinuous cropping pattern induce the accumulation of P, but deficient of K. The imbalance proportion of N, P and K was one of the incentives of continuous cropping induced obstacles. Strengthen the research of optimum proportion of soil N, P and K, and then eliminate continuous cropping obstacles by means of formulated fertilization is the future research direction.

Agriculture ; methods ; Breeding ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Fertilizers ; analysis ; Nitrogen ; analysis ; metabolism ; Panax notoginseng ; chemistry ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Phosphorus ; analysis ; metabolism ; Potassium ; analysis ; metabolism ; Quality Control ; Soil ; chemistry

Objective： A prospective randomized trial was performed to evaluate the contribution of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods： The patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma were treated with either radiotherapy alone (RT group) or neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus radiotherapy (CT/RT group). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy consisting of 2-3 cycles of cisplatin (20 mg/m2 on Day 1 to Day 5), bleomycin (7 mg/m2 on Day 1 and Day 5), and 5-FU (500 mg/m2 on Day 1 to Day 5) followed by radiotherapy was given to CT/RT group. All patients were treated in a uniform definitive-intent radiation therapy in two groups. Results： From 1992 to 1993, 457 patients were enrolled and 440 patients (221 in RT group, 219 in CT/RT group) were assessable. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 62％ for CT/RT group and 55％ for RT group (P=0.1335)； The 5-year relapse free survival rate was 48％ versus 58％ , respectively (P=0.0539). The 5-year free local recurrence (FLR) rate was 82％ for CT/RT group, 74％ for RT group (P=0.0412). There was no significant difference in free distant metastasis (FDM) between two treatment groups (CT/RT group, 79％ ; RT group, 75％ ; P=0.4177). Subgroup analyses showed that neoadjuvant chemotherapy improved local control in patients with T3-4 disease, and had no effect in preventing distant metastases in patients with N2-3 disease. Conclusion： Despite improving FLR and RFS, neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiatherapy failed to gain other survival benefit or reduce distant metastases in patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The indication for neoadjuvant chemotherapy is proposed.

OBJECTIVETo develop a method for detection of coxsackie B virus type 1-6 by RT-PCR.

METHODSA pair of primers were designed to amplify all types of coxsackie B virus 1-6 efficiently. The PCR product was hybridized in micro-wells in which 6 type specific oligonucleotide probes had been coated respectively, colorimetric detection was performed to discriminate the types of coxsackie B virus.

RESULTSThis method was shown to be concordant with the IgM ELISA, 71.7% of anti-coxsackie B positive cases could be detected by RT-PCR.

CONCLUSIONThe RT-PCR method can type coxsackie B virus efficiently and provides a tool for clinical diagnosis and epidemiological investigation.

DNA Primers ; Enterovirus B, Human ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Enterovirus Infections ; diagnosis ; virology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin M ; blood ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods

The output and agronomic characters of 3-year-old Panax notoginseng cultured under stereo structure (upper, middle and down layers) were investigated, and the annual change of N, P and K of its planting soil were also studied. Results showed that, compared with field cultured Panax notoginseng, growth vigour and output of stereo-cultivation were significantly lower. But the total production of the 3 layers was 1.6 times of field. The growth vigor and production of P. notoginseng was in the order of upper layer > middle layer > down layer. The content of ginsenoside in rhizome, root tuber and hair root of P. notoginseng was in the order of upper layer > field > middle layer > down layer. Organic matter content and pH of stereo-cultivation soil decreased with the prolonging of planting time, which with the same trend of yield. Organic matter content of stereo-cultivation soil was significantly higher than field, but the pH was significantly lower. Contents of total and available N, P and K in stereo-cultivation soil and field decreased with the prolonging of planting time. The content of N and P were in the order of upper layer > middle layer > yield > down layer, the content of K was in the order of upper layer > middle layer > down layer > yield. Compared with field, the proportion of N and P in the organ of underground (rhizome, root tuber and hair root) of upper layer were increased, while decreased in middle and down layers. Proportion of K in underground decreased significantly of the 3 layers. In conclusion, the agronomic characters and production of stereo-cultivation were significantly lower than that of yield. But the total production of the 3 layers were significantly higher than field of unit area. And the aim of improving land utilization efficiency was achieved. Nutritions in the soil of stereo-cultivation were enough to support the development of P. notoginseng, which was not the cause of weak growth and low production. The absorbing ability of P. notoginseng to N, P and K nutrients was decreased by stereo-cultivation mode. So, improve the growth vigour of P. notoginseng from the perspective of adjusting the stereo-cultivation mode so as to improve the nutrient absorption capacity is the future direction.
Food ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Nitrogen ; analysis ; Panax notoginseng ; growth & development ; Phosphorus ; analysis ; Potassium ; analysis ; Soil ; chemistry

Light intensity, gas temperature, soil temperature and gas exchange parameters were determined of three years old Panax notoginseng planted on different layers seedbed and different location (left, middle, right) of the same layer in greenhouse. Result show that diurnal variation of light intensity, gas temperature and soil temperature showed that upper layer > middle layer > lower layer; different locations of the same layer showed that light intensity of upper layer was not different among different locations; light intensity of middle and lower layer in right and left were the same, and significantly higher than those in the middle position; the gas temperature of each layer all with less different of each location; soil temperature of 12 cm depth is the lowest, and was gradually increased to the upper and lower surface; net photosynthetic efficiency of P. notoginseng showed that upper layer > middle layer > lower layer; there were significant correlation between soil temperature, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration and photosynthetic rate were correlated with light intensity significantly; transpiration rates had notable correlation with light intensity and gas temperature. All above indicated that net photosynthesis rate of P. notoginseng was affected by light intensity directly, gas temperature and soil temperature indirectly. Inconclusion, stereoscopic cultivation of P. notoginseng was practicable in present study. The planting quality of P. notoginseng under stereoscopic cultivation could be improved by ameliorate the structure of seedbed to enhance the light intensity of middle and lower layer. Increase the thickness of the seedbed to decrease the temperature difference of soil. Further the management of ventilation facilities of greenhouse to control the gas temperature.
Carbon Dioxide ; metabolism ; Light ; Panax notoginseng ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Photosynthesis ; Soil ; Temperature

Compartments of soil microorganism and enzymes between stereoscopic cultivation (three storeys) and field cultivation (CK) of Panax notoginseng were carried out, and the effects on P. notoginseng agronomic characters were also studied. Results show that concentration of soil microorganism of stereoscopic cultivation was lower than field cultivation; the activity of soil urea enzyme, saccharase and neutral phosphatase increased from lower storey to upper storey; the activity of soil urea enzyme and saccharase of lower and upper storeys were significantly lower than CK; agronomic characters of stereoscopic cultivated P. notoginsengin were inferior to field cultivation, the middle storey with the best agronomic characters among the three storeys. The correlation analysis showed that fungi, actinomycetes and neutral phosphatase were significantly correlated with P. notoginseng agronomic characters; concentration of soil fungi and bacteria were significantly correlated with the soil relative water content; actinomycete and neutral phosphatase were significantly correlated with soil pH and relative water content, respectively; the activities of soil urea enzyme and saccharase were significantly correlated with the soil daily maximum temperature difference. Inconclusion, The current research shows that the imbalance of soil microorganism and the acutely changing of soil enzyme activity were the main reasons that caused the agronomic characters of stereoscopic cultivated P. notoginseng were worse than field cultivation. Thus improves the concentration of soil microorganism and enzyme activity near to field soil by improving the structure of stereoscopic cultivation is very important. And it was the direction which we are endeavoring that built better soil ecological environment for P. notoginseng of stereoscopic cultivation.
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Panax notoginseng ; growth & development ; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases ; metabolism ; Soil ; chemistry ; Soil Microbiology ; beta-Fructofuranosidase ; metabolism