Bronchi ; Bronchoscopy ; Child ; Foreign Bodies ; surgery ; Humans ; Magnets ; Male

Objective To investigate the effects of fosinopril sodium pre-treatment combined with ischemic postconditioning on rat serum and myocardial oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines post ischemia/reperfusion. Methods Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group ( n = 15 ) , ischemia/reperfusion group ( 30 minutes in situ occlusion of the left anterior descending artery followed by 1 hour nitrotetrazolium blue chloride staining, SOD content was examined by colorimetric method, MDA content was detected using thiobarbituric acid method, serum levels of Interleukin-1α (IL-lα), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α) were examined by radioimmunoassay, IL-lα, IL-6 and TNF-α levels of myocardial tissue were detected by ELISA. Results Compared with I/R group, myocardial enzymes and infarction size were significantly decreased ( P < 0. 05, P < 0.01) , serum SOD content was increased and MDA content was decreased (allP<0.01), serum and myocaidial levels of IL-1α, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly reduced (P<0. 05,P<0.05, P<0.01) in IPoC group. Compared with IPoC group, fosinopril sodium pretreatment further reduced infarction size and myocardial enzyme CK-MB ( P < 0.05 ) , increased SOD content ( P < 0. 05 ) while reduced serum IL-6 and myocaidial tissue TNF-a (P <0. 05, P <0.01). Conclusion Pretreatment with fosinopril sodium enhanced the protective effect of IPoC on rat myocardium underwent I/R injury, possibly by reducing oxidative stress and early inflammatory reaction.

Objective To explore the relationship between physical activity(PA) and the risk of colon cancer. Methods Cohort studies on physical activity and risk of colon cancer were identified by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, Chinese Bio-medicine and Chinese Wanfang databases from January 1979 to December 2009. Results from the individual studies were synthetically combined in our study. Inverse variance weighting was used in fixed effects model and the random effects estimate was based on the DerSimonian-Laird method. Variance-weighted least squares method was used for trend test of summarized dose-response data. Results A total of 28 studies were included in our analysis. An inverse association between physical activities and the risk of colon cancer was observed with the relative risks (RR) as 0.75 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.66-0.86] in males and 0.85(95%CI: 0.76-0.95)in females, respectively. However, the findings from those documents with high quality showed significant and borderline significant associations between PA and colon cancer in both males (RR=0.74, 95% CI: 0.61-0.90) and females (RR=0.99, 95% CI: 0.95-1.02). Meanwhile, the dose-response trend was not observed either in males (P=0.142) or in females (P=0.417). For men, the pooled RRs differed by subsites were 0.62(95%CI:0.45-0.85) and 0.74 (95%CI:0.56-0.99)for highest level PA, compared with lowest level PA in proximal colon and distal colon cancer,respectively. For women, the pooled RRs were 0.84 (95%CI: 0.69-1.01 ) in proximal colon and 0.75(95%CI: 0.53-1.05)in distal colon cancer, respectively. Conclusion These results added to the evidence for the protective effects in colon cancer among men and women.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the elective method and the clinical experience of using appendix in situ in continent urinary diversion.

METHODS26 continent urinary diversions have been performed since 1990. Among them, 11 cases underwent the intussuscepted technique and other 15 cases underwent embedded technique.

RESULTSThe continent rate was 100% at the daytime among all the case, while intermittent incontinence occurred in 3 cases at night, which happened in the intussuscepted group. Other complications included catheterization difficulty in 3 cases, appendix perforation in 1 case, which happened in the embedded group, traction of the appendix into abdominal cavity in 1 case, and prolapse of the intussusepted appendix in 3 cases.

CONCLUSIONSThe embedded technique shows better results than the intussuscepted technique in term of continence. The embedded technique, using appendix in situ as an efferent loop, shows the advantages of easily performing, timesaving, better outcome in continence and less complication. We believe the technique of appendix in situ as an efferent loop is an ideal modality in urinary diversion operation.

Adult ; Aged ; Appendix ; surgery ; Cystectomy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; surgery ; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic ; surgery ; Urinary Diversion ; methods ; Urinary Reservoirs, Continent

To study the drug-drug interaction of morinidazole and warfarin and its application, a sensitive and rapid liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the determination of R-warfarin/S-warfarin in human plasma. In a random, two-period crossover study, 12 healthy volunteers received a single oral dose of 5 mg racemic warfarin in the absence and presence of morinidazole. Blood samples were collected according to a pre-designed time schedule. R-warfarin, S-warfarin and methyclothiazide were extracted with ethylether : methylenechloride (3 : 2), then separated on a Astec Chirobiotic V (150 mm x 4.6 mm ID, 5 microm) column using 5 mmol x L(-1) ammonium acetate (pH 4.0) - acetonitrile as mobile phase at a flow-rate of 1.5 mL x min(-1). The mobile phase was splitted and 0.5 mL x min(-1) was introduced into MS. A tandem mass spectrometer equipped with electrospray ionization source was used as detector and operated in the negative ion mode. Quantification was performed using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). The resolution of warfarin enantiomers is 1.56. The linear calibration curves for R-warfarin and S-warfarin both were obtained in the concentration range of 5 - 1 000 ng x mL(-1). Intra- and inter-day relative standard deviation (RSD) for R-warfarin and S-warfarin over the entire concentration range across three validation runs was both less than 10%, and relative error (RE) ranged from -4.9% to 0.7%, separately. The method herein described is effective and convenient, and suitable for the study of metabolic interaction between morinidazole and warfarin. The results showed that coadministration of warfarin with morinidazole did not affect the pharmacokinetics of either R-warfarin or S-warfarin.
Anticoagulants ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Drug Interactions ; Humans ; Nitroimidazoles ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Stereoisomerism ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Warfarin ; blood ; pharmacokinetics

OBJECTIVETo explore the method of constructing tissue-engineered skin using melanocytes and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in vivo.

METHODSMelanocytes were isolated from human foreskin. BMSCs were isolated from human bone marrow. Both of them were co-cultured at a ratio of 1:10, and then were implanted into the collagen membrane to construct the tissue-engineered skin, which was applied for wound repair in nude mice. The effectiveness of wound repair and the distribution of melanocytes were evaluated by morphological observation, in vivo 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, dihydrochloride (DAPI) fluorescent staining tracing, HE staining, S-100 immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy.

RESULTSThe wounds were satisfactorily repaired among the nude mice. The melanocytes were distributed in the skin with normal structure, as confirmed by DAPI fluorescent staining tracing, HE staining, S-100 immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy.

CONCLUSIONMelanocytes and BMSCs, after proper in vitro culture at an appropriate ratio, can construct the tissue-engineered skin with I type collagen membrane.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cells, Cultured ; Coculture Techniques ; Collagen Type I ; Humans ; Melanocytes ; cytology ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Skin ; injuries ; Skin, Artificial ; Tissue Engineering

In the research and development of new drugs, it is very important to investigate the in vitro metabolism of candidate drugs. Traditional models such as liver microsomes have many limitations, while the in vitro model of recombinant human drug metabolizing enzymes is considered as an important and useful approach because of its convenient access, stable activity and low cost. In this study, six major human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) genes (UGT1A1, 1A3, 1A4, 1A6, 1A9 and 2B7) were cloned from human liver cDNA and heterologously expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and baculovirus-infected insect cell. UGT1A1, 1A3, 1A6 and 1A9 were successfully expressed in yeast and showed glucuronidation activity against a variety of different structural types of substrates, but their activities were low. All six UGTs were successfully expressed and exhibited significantly improved glucuronidation activity when Trichopolusia ni cells BTI-TN5B1-4 (High Five) were used as the host. The recombinant human UGTs expressed in insect cells can catalyze the glucuronidation of their specific substrates, and the glucuronidation products were synthesized at milligram-scale with yields of 13%-66% for the first time, of which the structures were identified via MS, ¹H NMR, and ¹³C NMR spectroscopic analysis. Above all, the recombinant human UGTs yeast and insect cell expression systems constructed in this study can be used for in vitro metabolism evaluation in the early stage of new drugs research and development, and also provide a new tool for the synthesis of glucuronide metabolites.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association between anthropometry and risk of breast cancer among pre-and post-menopausal women in urban Shanghai.

METHODSA total of 73 461 female residents aged 40 to 70 years in urban Shanghai were recruited in a prospective cohort study (the Shanghai women's health study) during 1997 through 2000, and were actively followed up biennially. During mean follow-up period of 5.66 years, 432 incident cases of breast cancer were identified in the cohort. Cox regression model was used to estimate the adjusted relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

RESULTSAfter adjustment for some potential confounding factors, baseline weight, body mass index(BMI), waist-to-hip ratio(WHR) and weight gain since age 20 were positively associated with the increased risk of breast cancer among postmenopausal women. The positive association between height and breast cancer was found among premenopausal women. Among them, those with height taller than 161 cm at age 20 experienced 1.84 fold increased risk (95% CI: 1.30-2.61) of breast cancer compared to their counterpart with height shorter than 157.1 cm. Women who were either much heavier or lighter than average at age 20 were at reduced risk. Further analyses mutually adjusted for BMI and WHR did not substantially alter the positive association for both BMI and WHR. After further adjustment for BMI, weight gain since age 20 was significantly associated to an increased risk for postmenopausal breast cancer (RR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.09-2.37).

CONCLUSIONSWeight gain and central obesity seemed to be strong predictors for the risk of breast cancer among postmenopausal women. Controlling weight and decreasing fat around waist were effective means to prevent postmenopausal breast cancer and height might serve as a risk factor for premenopausal breast cancer.

Adult ; Aged ; Anthropometry ; Breast Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Postmenopause ; Risk ; Urban Population ; Weight Gain

This study was purpose to examine the effect of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and Tween 80 on the growth and viability of stromal cells (BMSC), colony-forming units for granulocytes and macrophages (CFU-GM) and bone marrow endothelial cell line (BMEC) from murine bone marrow in vitro, and to analyze the concentration-effect relationship. The colony yields of colony-forming units fibroblastic (CFU-F) and CFU-GM were assessed in the murine bone marrow cell cultures at various concentrations of DMSO or Tween 80 and in the control groups. The MTT assay and trypan blue exclusion were used to determine the cell viability and percentage of survival in BMSC and BMEC cultures with or without either of these organic solvents. The results showed that the colony yields of both CFU-F and CFU-GM were decreased significantly (p<0.05 or <0.01) at the concentrations (v/v final) of 2% DMSO or 0.005%-0.01% Tween 80 respectively, as compared with control. The cell viability and percentage of survival of BMSC and BMEC cultures were significantly reduced (p<0.05 or <0.01) at 0.5%-1.0% DMSO or 0.002%-0.005% Tween 80, as compared with control. With the increase of volume fractions of these solvents, the decreased percentages of corresponding measurements were increased by degrees. It is concluded that when the concentration of DMSO or Tween 80 goes to a certain level in cell culture medium, either of the organic solvents has an inhibitory action or/and cytotoxicity on the growth and viability of BMSCs, CFU-GM and BMECs. The growth inhibition and cytotoxic response are more significant at higher concentrations of these solvents.
Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide ; pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; Female ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Progenitor Cells ; cytology ; Male ; Mice ; Polysorbates ; pharmacology ; Solvents ; pharmacology ; Stromal Cells ; cytology

Accurate mass measurements of 20 drugs were conducted using MassWorks software on a TSQ Quantum Ultra mass spectrometer. All Q1 scan mass spectral data were collected in profile mode with full width at half-maximum (FWHM) set at 0.7 Da. The mass errors of all 20 drugs (molecular weight between 135 and 810) were within the range from -22.4 x 10(-6) to 36. 1 x 10(-6), among them 90% of the drugs achieved a mass accuracy better than 10 x 10(-6). The new method can provide accurate mass measurements on unit mass resolution mass spectrometers.
Molecular Weight ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; analysis ; Software ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; methods