Purpose: : This study aimed to identify the factors influencing physical restraint-related practice among nurses working in the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: : The participants consisted of 169 ICU nurses in three general hospitals in B and U cities. Data were collected from December 2021 to January 2022 through a structured selfadministered questionnaire. Demographic characteristics, physical restraint-related practice, Person-centered Critical Care Nursing (PCCN), work environment, and attitudes toward physical restraint use were measured. For data analyses, hierarchical multiple regressions were conducted using SPSS/WIN 25.0. Results: : Clinical careers in the ICU, better work environments, higher PCCN levels, and more positive attitudes toward physical restraint use were associated with a better practice of physical restraints, which together explained 35.5% of the total variance of the outcome. Conclusion : Our findings suggest that to promote a safe physical restraintrelated practice among ICU nurses, it is important to improve the nursing environment, prepare guidelines for applying PCCN, and provide education for endorsing positive attitudes toward the use of physical restraints.

A 62-year-old woman without vascular risk factors presented with left-sided weakness and numbness. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain depicted acute right hemispheric infarcts in the cortical and subcortical white matter. Initial MR angiography (MRA) showed large thrombus at the right carotid bifurcation. Valvular atrial fibrillation (vAF) with severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) was found on two-dimensional echocardiography. Serial follow-up computed tomography angiography (CTA) or MRA at 3, 9, and 15 days after anticoagulation alone showed complete resolution of the thrombus with no neurological deterioration. Our case suggests that prompt institution of anticoagulantion alone may result in radiologic resolution of the thrombus with improvement in patient’s clinical status.
Carotid Arteries

The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of masticatory muscle activity and various oral condition factors, and to analyze their associations in order to improve the prevention and diagnosis of masticatory musclerelated diseases. This study included 30 Korean females (mean age of 20 years, age range of 19–21 years). Participants were instructed to complete a self-written questionnaire on factors that may affect their muscle activity. Surface electromyography was used to measure the activity of the masseter and temporalis muscles. We also observed the buccal mucosa ridge, tongue indentation, tooth cracks and fractures, and mandibular tori in the oral cavity. Spearman correlation analysis and the nonparametric Mann–Whitney U test were applied to the data. When subjects had temporomandibular disorder, the right temporalis muscle exhibited significantly lower activity (P<0.05). Those who had received orthodontic treatment within the previous 2 years showed significantly lower activity of the left masseter muscle (P<0.05). Those who had a left buccal mucosa ridge exhibited lower activity of the left masseter muscle and higher activity of the right temporalis muscle compared with those without such a ridge (P<0.05). Participants with no tongue indentation showed significantly higher activity in the left masseter muscle (P<0.05). These results indicate that there are relationships between masticatory muscle activity and various factors related to the oral condition.

Adult ; Cheek ; Female ; Head ; Humans ; Male ; Muscles ; Tongue

OBJECTIVES: Although the coating of surface sealants to dental composite resin may potentially reduce bacterial adhesion, there seems to be little information regarding this issue. This preliminary in vitro study investigated the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) on the dental composite resins coated with three commercial surface sealants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Composite resin (Filtek Z250) discs (8 mm in diameter, 1 mm in thickness) were fabricated in a mold covered with a Mylar strip (control). In group PoGo, the surfaces were polished with PoGo. In groups PS, OG, and FP, the surfaces polished with PoGo were coated with the corresponding surface sealants (PermaSeal, PS; OptiGuard, OG; Fortify Plus, FP). The surfaces of the materials and S. mutans cells were characterized by various methods. S. mutans adhesion to the surfaces was quantitatively evaluated using flow cytometry (n = 9). RESULTS: Group OG achieved the lowest water contact angle among all groups tested (p < 0.001). The cell surface of S. mutans tested showed hydrophobic characteristics. Group PoGo exhibited the greatest bacterial adhesion among all groups tested (p < 0.001). The sealant-coated groups showed statistically similar (groups PS and FP, p > 0.05) or significantly lower (group OG, p < 0.001) bacterial adhesion when compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The application of the surface sealants significantly reduced S. mutans adhesion to the composite resin polished with the PoGo.
Bacterial Adhesion ; Composite Resins ; Flow Cytometry ; Fungi ; In Vitro Techniques* ; Streptococcus mutans* ; Streptococcus* ; Surface Properties ; Water

Cadaver dissection is an effective method for learning structure and function of the human body. However, division of health science is conducting an anatomy lecture lean toward theory because it is impossible to operate their own practice program. This study was performed to propose a customized anatomy practice program plan that reflects needs of students majoring dental hygiene. A survey was conducted to 138 students majoring dental hygiene at D university. We used a structured questionnaire to analyze general characteristics of a subject, opinions about cadaver dissection, educational method and the demands of a program. Then we acquired frequency, mean, standard deviation, and correlation coefficient value. Furthermore, we also performed independent t-test and variance analysis (ANOVA) by using R program (version 3.2.2). A majority of students responded positively in items of necessity, satisfaction and comprehension of cadaver dissection. Dissection using cadaver marked a highest response (48.6%) among the methods of anatomic education. As for an appropriate time required for education, 72 students (52.2%) responded 30 minutes for an orientation time and 46 students (33.3%) for an observation time. Students also responded head and neck area and skeletal system to be the top priority for observation. In order to operate systemic cadaver dissection program, practical institutions should provide an active system. Contents of a necessity and procedure of cadaver donation should be included in preliminary education, with a thoughtful consideration to minimize negative psychological response of students during educational process. In observation, we should organize program focused on head and neck region and a three-dimensional structure of skeletal system. We expect our study to provide useful information in composing cadaver dissection program for dental hygiene students in the future.
Cadaver* ; Comprehension ; Education ; Head ; Human Body ; Humans ; Learning ; Neck ; Oral Hygiene*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was conducted to identify the impact of Symptom Severity and Symptom Interference on Sleep Disturbance among cancer patients. METHODS: This study was conducted from October 8th to October 25th, 2012. One hundred eight cancer patients were recruited from S city in Korea. The instruments used in this study were the Symptom Severity, Symptom Interference and the Sleep Disturbance scales for patients with cancer. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression with the SPSS/WIN 20.0 program. RESULTS: The Sleep Disturbance for cancer patients showed a significant relationship with Symptom Interference and cancer stage. The significant factors influencing Sleep Disturbance were Symptom Severity and Symptom Interference. They explained 40.5% of the variance in stage IV. CONCLUSION: Patients with cancer experienced Symptom Severity and Symptom Interference which led to a negative effect on Sleep Disturbance. The results suggest that intervention programs to reduce Symptom Severity, Symptom Interference could improve Sleep Disturbance for cancer patients.
Humans ; Korea ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; Weights and Measures

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the effects of preparedness towards delegation, critical thinking disposition, and communicative competence on job satisfaction among comprehensive nursing care service ward nurses and general ward nurses. Methods: The participants in this study were 218 nurses from two university hospitals. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires and were analyzed using SPSS Statistics/WIN 21.0, including descriptive statistics, x 2 test, Fisher's exact test, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression analysis. Results: For comprehensive nursing care service ward nurses, the significant influencing factors on job satisfaction were age (β=-.37, p=.041), marital status (β=.35, p=.001), critical thinking disposition (β=.29, p=.003), and communicative competence (β=.28, p=.002) with the explanatory power was 39.0% (F=12.00, p<.001). On the other hand, for general ward nurses, the significant influencing factors on job satisfaction were advanced degree (β=.29, p=.047), critical thinking disposition (β=.23, p=.040), and communicative competence (β=.42, p<.001) with the explanatory power was 33.0% (F=11.78, p<.001). Conclusion The results of this study suggest the importance of developing and applying education programs to improve critical thinking disposition and communicative competence of nurses. This would enhance the comprehensive nursing service and increase overall nursing manpower resources. In addition, further studies are needed to improve nursing work environments and to develop strategies for enhancing preparedness towards delegation, which would increase the job satisfaction of nurses in the comprehensive nursing care service wards.

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is a peptide involved in the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. CRF is distributed not only along the HPA axis but also throughout pain-relevant anatomical sites. CRF elicits potent antinociception at the three main levels of pain transmissions: namely, the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral sensory neurons. The widespread distribution of CRF receptors 1 and 2 in the brain offers several targets wherein CRF could alter pain, some of which may be independent of the HPA axis. In this study, we assessed the expression of CRF and its receptors, CRF receptor type (CRFR)1 and CRFR2, in the spinal dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in a rat model of neuropathic pain induced by spinal nerve injury (SNI). CRF was expressed in a few DRG neurons and primary afferent fibers in the dorsal horns of nasmall yi, Ukrainianve rats, and the CRF-positive neurons in DRG and fibers in the spinal dorsal horn were found to have increased after SNI. CRFR1 was not expressed in DRG or the dorsal horn and CRFR2 was expressed weakly in the small neurons in DRG in the nasmall yi, Ukrainianve rats. After SNI, CRFR1 was expressed in the activated microglia in the ipsilateral dorsal horn, and immunoreaction for CRFR2 was increased in the contralateral DRG following SNI. Consequently, it has been suggested that the increased expression of CRF and CRFR2 in DRG neurons and primary afferent fibers in dorsal horn, and CRFR1 in the activated microglia, may be involved in the mediation of stress responses as well as in microglial activation in the neuropathic pain state following SNI.
Animals ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Brain ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Diagnosis-Related Groups ; Ganglia, Spinal ; Horns ; Microglia ; Negotiating ; Neuralgia ; Neurons ; Rats ; Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Sensory Receptor Cells ; Spinal Cord ; Spinal Nerve Roots ; Spinal Nerves

Anatomy is an essential subject for dental hygienists. As such, in order to form academic systems for dental hygiene program, we cannot ignore research related to basic dental hygiene, which is related to the main competency of a dental hygienist. This research focused on the operation status of the curriculum related to gross anatomy of the head and neck led by the department of dental hygiene and was performed in order to propose a new direction regarding academics. This research analyzed the offering status of the anatomy curriculum using shared information, released by both the Association of Korean Dental Hygienist and the homepage website of the national dental hygiene, as a foundation. In addition, we conducted a survey of 21 (25.6%) professors out of 82 dental hygiene institutions in the nation. The fill-in survey was composed in order to obtain knowledge on each department's offering and operation system of the anatomy curriculum, general characteristics of professor and demand for the anatomy education. The SPSS 20.0 Program was used to analyze all of the materials with the exception of operation statuses of anatomic curriculums constructed via open questions. Nationally, the subject related to the gross anatomy was opened in Semester 2 during the first year 56.2% of the time, and the oral anatomy class recorded the highest percentage of 45.3%. The general trend of the professors who participated in this research was the highest recording of 85.0% for holders of dental hygiene license. Those who acquired doctoral degrees were found to be 17 individuals (85.0%) and 45.0% majored in health science. The operation methods of anatomic practices were revealed to be models, drawings, and audiovisuals while external practices failed to meet even the half-point of the study. The consensus opinion has indicated the need for a integrated education with clinical subjects, cadaver practices, developments of educational media, and standardization of anatomic terminology. Standardization of educational contents and systemization of practices are necessary for the improvement of anatomic studies of students studying dental hygiene. Cultivating anatomy specialists and sharing activities between academia are required for long-term development. We expect this research to contribute to overall quality improvement and the dental hygiene profession through the establishment of majors.
Cadaver ; Consensus ; Curriculum ; Dental Hygienists ; Education* ; Head ; Humans ; Licensure ; Neck ; Oral Hygiene* ; Quality Improvement ; Specialization