Objective To study the changes of the urinary ?-1 microglobulin and urinary immunoglobulin G(IgG) and to investigate the relationship between these two proteins and the allograft function after renal transplantation.Methods Twenty-nine renal transplant recipients were included in the study.Urinary ?-1 microglobulin and urinary IgG were analyzed at d 1,7,14,21,28 after renal transplantation.The allograft function was evaluated based on the clinical manifestations,laboratory and imaging examinations,and the relationship between urinary ?-1 microglobulin,IgG and serum cretinine(SCr) were analysed. Results Urinary ?-1 microglobulin and urinary IgG correlated with SCr after renal transplantation in one month.Of all the 29 cases,14 experienced allograft function recovery(group A),and 15 failed(group B).Urinary ?-1 microglobulin decreased significantly in group A(P

AIM:To evaluate the effect of all capsule polishing with polishing mode for decreasing the occurrence of posterior capsular opacification( PCO) .
METHODS: Totally 194 eyes ( 162 patients ) were performed phacoemulsification, posterior chamber intraocular lens were implanted. One hundred eyes were performed with all capsule polishing with polishing mode;94 eyes were performed with the polishing apparatus.
RESULTS:The patients were followed up for 12mo. Six eyes ( 6. 0%) of PCO were found in the 100 eyes with polishing mode group; 15 eyes ( 16. 0%) of PCO were found in the 94 eyes with the polishing apparatus group. The difference was significant (P<0. 05).
CONCLUSION: It can decrease the occurrence of PCO by performing all capsule polishing with polishing mode.

Objective To evaluate the effects of small dose of antithymocyte globulin(ATG)and zenapax in the induction therapy for kidney transplant recipients.Methods A series of 150 cadaver-donor kidney transplant recipients were randomly divided to 3 groups,ie,small dose of ATG group(total dose,2.1 -3.0 mg/kg;n=72),zenapax group(50mg,on the first and 14th d after operation;n=15)and controls without induction therapy(n=63).Follow-up was 6 months.The rates of acute rejection,delayed graft func- tion(DGF)and pulmonary infection were statistically compared among the 3 groups.Results During a 6-month period,in ATG,zenapax and control groups,acute rejection episodes occurred in 4 cases(5.5%), 1(6.7%)and 10(15.9%),respectively;DGF occurred in 3(4.2%),0 and 8(12.7%),respectively;pul- monary infection occurred in 4(5.1%),1(6.7%)and 3(4.8%),respectively;leucocytopenia occurred in 3(4.2%),1(6.7%)and 5(7.9%),respectively;thrombocytopenia occurred in 2(2.8%),1(6.7%)and 5(7.9%),respectively.Conclusions In the early stage of kidney transplantation,small dose of ATG and zenapax can be the optimal choice for induction therapy.

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the degradation of tryptophan to kynurenine. IDO1 is highly expressed in some tumor tissues. IDO1 can deplete tryptophan in tumor microenvironment, inhibit T cell function, and mediate the immune escape of tumor cells. Thus, IDO1 is considered a potential target of tumor immunotherapy. Currently, there are several IDO1 inhibitors in clinical research studies. The mechanism of IDO1-mediated tumor immune escape and the structure of IDO1 inhibitors are summarized in this review.

Objective To analyze the clinical features of pandrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (PDR-Ab) in a hospital and compare the efficacy of different antibiotic treatments on patients with pneumonia caused by PDR-Ab.Methods Data were ret- rospectively collected from all isolated PDR-Ab strains in our hospital from February 2004 to March 2005.The clinical features and outcomes were reviewed.Results A total of 77 strains of PDR-Ab were collected, 45 of which were pathogens causing clini- cal infections (35 strains from lower respiratory tract, 6 from bloodstream, 3 from drainage fluid, and 1 from wounds).Lower respiratory tract was the most common source of PDR-Ab.More than 90% of the isolated PDR-Ab strains produced OXA-23 type?-lactamase.Cefoperazone-sulbactam plus minocyeline showed good efficacy for patients with PDR-Ab pneumonia.The total clinical cure rate was 68.4%.Bacterial eradication rate was 42.1%.The factors influencing bacterial clearance were pro- longed mechanical ventilation prior to positive culture (17.5 d vs 5.5 d).mixed infection (100% vs 12.5%) and lower GCS score (9.1?0.7 vs 13.2?2.1).Concomitant septic shock (OR=13.8) and APACHEⅡscore (OR=2.1) were independent factors of clinical outcome.Conclusions Nosocomial infections caused by PDR-Ab are not untreatable.Our analysis suggests that cefoperazone-sulbactam plus minocycline may be an effective treatment for lower respiratory tract infections caused by PDR-Ab in our hospital.

Molecular systematic techniques were applied to reveal the genetic diversity of medicinal plants and their related species in Salvia. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) as well as 5.8S rDNA sequences of 27 samples of Salvia were amplified using PCR method and sequenced. Mega 3.1 was used to analyze the genetic diversity within genus. The complete sequences of ITS plus 5.8S rDNA are about 612-617 bp. A phylogenetic tree generated by Neighbor-Joining method partly supported the morphological classification within Salvia, but incompatible results were also obtained in the treatment of phylogenetic positions of some species such as Salvia trijuga, Salvia flava var. flava and Salvia flava var. megalentha. The ITS regions of present Salria species showed considerable variation between subgenera in contrast with the conservative 5.8S rDNA sequences. The native Salvia species might have a different origin from the foreign species. The phylogenetic positions of subgenera and sections inferred by ITS analysis were comparable with that of traditional classification, while the phylogeny within sections is still doubtful due to limited information in ITS sequence and need to be further proved by other evidence. ITS analysis in this study supports the rationality of using species from Drymosphace section as substitute drug resources of Dan shen, but also reveals significant genetic differences between high mountain Dan shen species such as Salvia przewalskii with traditional Dan shen origins.
Base Sequence ; DNA, Plant ; genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal ; genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; genetics ; Genetic Variation ; Phylogeny ; Plants, Medicinal ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S ; genetics ; Salvia ; classification ; genetics ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

Sodium houttuyfonate (SH) is a derivative of effective component of a Chinese material medica, Houttuynia cordata, which is applied in anti-infection of microorganism. But, the antimicrobial mechanisms of SH still remain unclear. Here, we firstly discovered that SH effectively inhibits the three types of virulence related motility of.Pseudomonas aeruginosa, i.e., swimming, twitching and swarming. The plate assay results showed that the inhibitory action of SH against swimming and twitching in 24 h and swarming in 48 h is dose-dependent; and bacteria nearly lost all of the motile activities under the concentration of 1 x minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (512 mg x L(-1) same as azithromycin positive group (1 x MIC, 16 mg x L(-1)). Furthermore, we found that the expression of structural gene flgB and pilG is down-regulated by SH, which implies that inhibitory mechanism of SH against motility of P. aeruginosa may be due to the inhibition of flagella and pili bioformation of P. aeruginosa by SR Therefore, our presented results firstly demonstrate that SH effectively inhibits the motility activities of P. aeruginosa, and suggest that SH could be a promising antipseudomonas agents in clinic.
Alkanes ; pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Bacterial Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Biofilms ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Fimbriae, Bacterial ; drug effects ; genetics ; metabolism ; Houttuynia ; chemistry ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; cytology ; drug effects ; genetics ; pathogenicity ; Sulfites ; pharmacology ; Virulence ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of unilateral pedicle screw fixation in treating thoracolumbar fractures through paraspinal approach.

METHODSFrom January 2006 to January 2009,21 patients with single level thoracolumbar fracture without neurological symptoms were treated with unilateral pedicle screw fixation through paraspinal approach. There were 14 males and 7 females,aged from 21 to 65 years old with a mean of 36.4 years. The duration from injury to operation ranged from 6 h to 5 d with an average of 3 d. According to the classification of Denis fracture, compression fractures happedned in 12 cases and burst fractures happened in 9 cases,including 1 case with T5 fracture, 2 cases with T7 fracture, 2 cases with T10 fracture, 3 cases with T11 fracture, 8 cases with T12 fracture, and 5 cases with L1 fracture. Based on the Flankel grade, all patients were classified as grade E. Anterior vertebral body height ratio, sagittal Cobb angle, condition of internal fixation failure, visual analogue score (VAS) were evaluated.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 12 to 36 months with an average of 20.5 months. No internal fixation failure was found. Anterior vertebral body height ratios at preoperative 3 days after operation and last follow-up were 54.3 +/- 2.8, 92.9 +/- 1.5, 93.8 +/- 1.7, respectively;sagittal Cobb angle at the three timepoints were (27.8 +/- 2.5) degrees, (5.3 +/- 0.8) degrees, (6.3 +/- 1.4) degrees, respectively; the difference was statistical significant (P < 0.05). VAS was (1.2 +/- 0.4) points at last follow-up and had obviously improved (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONTreatment of thoracolumbar fractures with unilateral pedicle screw fixation through paraspinal approach is safe with the advantages of micro-trauma and less blood loss,which can not only completely retain the posterior spinal complex structure, reinforce the spinal stability, raise the reductional quality, but also improve the strength of fixation and the distribution of stress force.

Adult ; Bone Screws ; Feasibility Studies ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; instrumentation ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spinal Fractures ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore the methods and therapeutic effects of trans-fibular anterior-lateral approach combined with external fixation in the treatment of Gustilo III distal tibiofibula fractures.

METHODSFrom 2007 to 2010,9 patients including 7 males and 2 females with the mean age of 40 years(ranging from 29 to 51 years). All patients received internal fixation of fibula after debridement on the first phase, external fixator were used to fix tibia across ankle joint, and removed after successful skin graft; The second phase tibia was used to fix through the lateral incision used in phase I. Early functional exercise was encouraged ,the union condition and functional results of the ankle joint was evealuated. The criteria of the AOFAS Foot and Ankle Surgery was used to evaluate the effects.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up,and the duration ranged for 8 to 37 months(averaged 21 months). Nine patients were achieved bony union, the average healing time was 24 weeks. No plate rupture or screw loosening was found. According to the AOFAS Foot and Ankle Surgery evaluation system, 3 cases got excellent results, 4 good cases and 2 fair.

CONCLUSIONTrans-fibular anterior-lateral approach combined with external fixation for Gustilo III distal tibiofibula fractures can receive satisfactory reset, debond ankle joint eralier and imporove the clinical effects.

Adult ; Female ; Fibula ; Fracture Fixation ; methods ; Fractures, Bone ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiography ; Tibia ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To decrease the incidence of acute rejection in renal allograft recipients by monitoring of cyclosporine A (CsA) concentration at 2-hour after dosing(C2). Methods The CsA C2 and CsA trough concentration(C0) were assayed in renal allograft recipients.All patients were followed up for at least 1 year.The correlation of C0 and C2 monitoring with clinical outcomes was analyzed. Results At 1 week and 1 month post-transplantation,the incidence of acute rejection in patients with C2 in target level was 4.41% and 10.29%, respectively,but the incidence of acute rejection in patients with C2 in lower level was 42.37% and 36.20%,respectively. ConclusionBy reflecting the drug exposure of CsA more accurately,C2 monitoring is beneficial for decreasing the incidence of acute rejection after renal allograft transplantation.