To clarify the origin and application development of the traditional Chinese medicine " Zi-hua Qianhu" and " Qianhu", the medicinal literatures of past dynasties and modern researches were analysed. The plant Angelica decursivum was used as a substitute for traditional Chinese medicine "Angelica sinensis Radix" for a long historical period, it is used incorrectly for traditional Chinese medicine "Qianhu" due to origin research in modern times. The plant origin of "Qianhu" is Peucedanum praeruptorum. There are significant differences in clinical applications and chemical composition of the two drugs. The same efficacy description of "Zi-huaQianhu" and "Qianhu" could not stop "Zi-huaQianhu" used as "Qianhu" in practical application. Therefore, we need to further research for the plant A. decursivum, delimit its medicinal attribution.
Angelica ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; history ; pharmacology ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Pharmacopoeias as Topic ; history ; Phytotherapy ; history

To clarify the origin and development of the traditional Chinese medicine "Duhuo" and "Qianghuo" with medicinal literatures. Medical literatures of past dynasties were analysed and combined with the modern material. The "Duhuo" in Herbal writing Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing include traditional Chinese medicine "Duhuo" and "Qianghuo", "Qianghuo" was separated from "Duhuo" due to the distinguish of clinical application. The origin of "Qianghuo" is Notopterygium incisum and N. forbesii, However, The origin of "Duhuo" is very complex, Angelica pubescens f. biserrata as authentic "Duhuo" was used from Song Dynasty. "Qianghuo" was originated from "Duhuo".
Angelica ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Apiaceae ; chemistry ; growth & development ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; Geography ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Research ; Species Specificity

Objective To investigate the regulation and the mechanism of Melatonin in calcium overload of pancreatic acinar cell in acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP). Methods Fifty-four Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were equally divided into three groups:sham-operation group (SO group),ANP group (created with retrograde cholangiopancreatography injection of sodium taurocholate) and MT group (ANP model made after intra-peritoneal injection MT for 30 mins).Rats were sacrificed at 1,4 and 8hours after operation and pancreas tissues were underwent pathological examination.The free calcium concentration of pancreas tissues was determined by fluorescence minitoring method; and the expression of CaMK Ⅱ in pancreas tissues at mRNA and protein level was tested by real-time PCR and Western Blot.Results Pancreatic pathological injury in ANP groups was progressively severe as time extended,which was obviously ameliorated in MT group compared with ANP group (the t value of compared pathological score at 1,4 and 8 hour was:-7.95,-9.72 and -7.69,all P=0.00).Compared at same time point,the free Ca2+ concentration of pancreas tissues in ANP group was significantly higher than that of SO group (the t value of 1,4 and 8 hour was 13.09,18.58 and 16.56,all P=0.00).It was a little bit higher in MT group compared with that of SO group,however was significantly lower than that of ANP group (the t value of 1,4 and 8 hour was -10.03,-11.75 and -11.02,all P =0.00).Compared with SO group,the expression of CaMK Ⅱ at mRNA and protein level significantly increased in ANP group; MT significantly inhibited its expression.Conclusions The expression of CaMK Ⅱ may be inhibited by MT interfere,and then lower the calcium overload in pancreatic acinar cell,which play a role in pancreas tissue protection.

Adult ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Streptococcal Infections ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Streptococcus suis ; pathogenicity

As an important part of Chinese medicinal materials, uncommon-territorial herbs are also the most complex parts in the herbal medicine markets. Through years of investigation on the key markets of Chinese herbal medicine, the meaning of uncommon-territorial herbs, their historical evolution, origin and characteristics were clarified in this paper, and some countermeasures were put forward for its development.
Biological Evolution ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; history ; Herbal Medicine ; history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; history ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; growth & development

Six heavy metals, including As, Cu, Hg, Cd, Pb and Cr in Panax notoginseng were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) combined with wet digestion method. The samples of P. notoginseng were collected in 12 different regions, including Yunnan and Guangxi Province. Green Standards of Foreign Trading Medicinal Plants & Preparations was used as the standard to evaluate the pollution status of As, Cu, Hg, Cd, Pb and Cr in P. notoginseng. The results showed that content of As and Cd exceeded the limit of the standard and the percentage was 32.4% and 29.7%, respectively, while Cu, Hg and Pb were all bellow the limit. The SPSS 16.0 software was used to analyze the data. The occurrence of contained heavy metals has been discussed.
China ; Drug Contamination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Metals, Heavy ; analysis ; metabolism ; Panax notoginseng ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Soil Pollutants ; analysis ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE: To study the suspected autosomal STR loci mutation cases. METHODS: A total of 227 suspected autosomal STR loci mutation cases were selected from Center of Forensic Sciences, Beijing Genomics Institute. The allelic mutation cases were screened and the number of mutation of each STR loci was statistically analyzed. The CPI value was calculated in order to study the characteristics and rules of the mutations. RESULTS: In the 227 suspected mutation cases, 3 cases were excluded paternity, and 228 mutations were observed at 18 STR loci in the rest of the cases. The average number of STR mutation loci was 1-2. The maximum of mutation step was 4. After using 20A amplification kit, the CPI values in 3 non-parentage cases were all less than 10(4). After using 20A and 10G amplification kits, the CPI values were all larger than 10(4) in all standard parents-child triplet cases and in 99.45% of diad cases. CONCLUSION The allelic mutation of STR loci is relatively common in forensic cases. By increasing the number of the required STR loci and supplementing the samples of the triplet, the identification errors could be decreased to a great extent when suspected autosomal STR loci mutation occurs.
DNA Fingerprinting ; Female ; Forensic Medicine ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Loci ; Humans ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Mutation ; Paternity ; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic ; Retrospective Studies

Climate in China has fluctuated greatly for last two thousand years. Also, the temperate-subtropical transition zone, as well as the distribution boundaries of subtropical biology and growth of suitable areas appear north-south lapse. In historical period, significant climate change will also be bound to the changes of the medicinal organism distribution suitable areas. The past dynasties herbal herbs have documented origin in detail, especially genuine medicinal materials producing areas. In this paper, Alisma orientale and Citrus aurtantium as examples, were used to elaborate the impact of climate change fluctuations on genuine producing area by evolution and change of genuine producing areas. The results showed that medicinal species were more sensitive to climate change such as A. orientale and C. aurtantium, its main producing areas or genuine producing area from north to south shifted in the Ming and Qing dynasties, consistent with the characteristics of climate change in China in last two thousand years. Factors prompted producing areas southward are not only low temperature and cold damage, and temperature and humidity have often synergistic effect. The human activities are more likely to exacerbate the impact.
Alisma ; growth & development ; Citrus ; growth & development ; Climate Change ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo investigate one-stage repairing upper lip defects with an island flap based on the inferior labial arterial arch.

METHODSAn island flap pedicled with the inferior labial arterial arch was used to repair upper lip defects. The size of the wedge-shaped flap ranged from 1.5 cm x 1.5 cm to 1.5 cm x 2.0 cm. Since 1993, fifteen patients with upper lip defects have been treated with this method.

RESULTSAll the flaps survived with satisfactory function and appearance.

CONCLUSIONSThe island flap of the inferior labial arterial arch is effective and applicable in repairing severe secondary deformities of congenital bilateral cleft lips.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Arteries ; transplantation ; Cleft Lip ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Lip ; abnormalities ; blood supply ; Male ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Surgical Flaps ; Young Adult

Objective:To use polyamidoamine(PAMAM)dendrimer as gene delivery system for survivin gene anti- sense oligodeoxynucleotide(asODN)transfection for inhibition of HepG2 cancer cell growth.Methods:The first to the fifth generation of PAMAM and asODN were used to prepare a complex:PAMAM-asODN.The morphology of PAMAM- asODN was observed using agrose electrophoresis and atomic force microscope(AFM).PAMAM-asODN was then used to transfect HepG2 cells and cells transfected with asODN served as control.The transfection efficacy of PAMAM-asODN into HepG2 cells was observed under confocol microscope,the surviving mRNA expression was analyzed by RT-PCR,and the inhibition of HepG2 cell growth was determined by MTT assay.Results:Agrose electrophoresis showed strong complexing action between PAMAM and asODN and they formed a complex with a diameter of 25 nm.Confocol microscope showed the transfection efficacy of PAMAM-asODN was higher than that of asODN.RT-PCR showed a decreased expression of sur- vivin mRNA in PAMAM-asODN transfected cells.MTF results demonstrated that the growth of HepG2 cell was obviously inhibited after transfection of PAMAM-asODN and the inhibition rate increased with culture time,concentration of com- plex,the generation of PAMAM.PAMAM-asODN at 6.0?mol/L G4.0 resulted in a 55% inhibition of HepG2 cells 96 h after culture.Conclusion:PAMAM dendrimers can efficiently mediate the entry of survivin asODN into HepG2 cells,re- sulting in inhibition of HepG2 cells.PAMAM might be a promising gene carrier for potential molecular therapy of cancer.