This review introduced the anti-tumor effects of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and summarized their possible molecular mechanisms according to recent abroad literatures and our research results. Some evidence showed that the anti-tumor mechanisms of NSAIDs were different in various tumors.NSAIDs decreased the biosynthesis of PGE_2 and regulated the expressions of downstream correlated genes and proteins through restraining abnormal expression of COX-2 in certain neoplasms,which resulted in the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and proliferation as well as induced apoptosis. But in other cancer cells, NSAIDs, as activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ? (PPAR?), induced COX-2 expression, promoted the biosynthesis of cyclopentenone prostaglandins (cyPGs). cyPGs further induced tumor cell apoptosis with PPAR? dependently or PPAR? independently. Since their special mechanisms of anti-proliferation and pro-apoptosis, NSAIDs revealed significant synergistic effects with other anti-tumor treatments.

OBJECTIVETo systematically evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Shengmai Injection (SMI) on the fatality rate of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

METHODSLiterature associated with randomized controlled trials (RCT) or quasi-RCT of SMI in treating patients with AMI were retrieved by computerized searching from Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Issue 3, 2007), PubMed (1980 - 2007), EMBASE (1979 -2007.4) , OVID (1979 - 2007.4), Chinese Biological Medicine Database (1979 - 2007.4), CNKI (1980 -2007.4), VIP (1989 - 2007.4) and those in Chinese Conference Treatises in cardiovascular diseases were hand searched (update to Dec 2006). Quality of them was evaluated with the method recommended in Cochrane Reviewer's Handbook 4.2.6, and statistical analysis was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration's Rev Man 4.2.9 software.

RESULTSFour RCT (conducted in China), involving 376 AMI patients meeting the inclusion criteria were identified. All the included RCT were graded as C. The results of meta-analyses indicated that the fatality rate in the SMI treated group was cut down [RR: 0.18, 95% CI (0.04, 0.77)], but the decreasing trend become insignificant when SMI was used in combination with vasoactive agents [RR: 0.67,95% CI (0.29, 1.51)].

CONCLUSIONSAccording to the present evidence, the fatality rate can be decreased by combined use of SMI with the conventional therapy of modern medicine. However, it is necessary to do further research on whether SMI is suitable for combined use with vasoactive agent, the opportunity and method of doing that way. As the evidence obtained is not strong enough due to the rather poor quality of current studies enclosed, further studies with high-quality, large-scale trials are required for identification.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Injections ; Myocardial Infarction ; drug therapy ; mortality ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

OBJECTIVETo investigate the MRI diagnosis of bone contusion on the knee, and improve the diagnosis skill.

METHODSA retrospective analysis of 47 cases of knee bone bruise with the performance of MRI in our hospital from 2008.5 to 2009.12, including 30 males and 17 females,aged from 12 to 69 years, with a mean of 34.5 years old. Forty-seven patients suffered from post-traumatic localized pain, tenderness and(or) soft tissue swelling and dysfunction. The time interval between the accident and the MRI examination ranged from 6 h to 30 days, averaged 7 days. The patients with only bone contusion were treated with conservative and symptomatic treatment.

RESULTSA total of 47 cases showed 82 lesions, including 39 distal femur, 35 proximal tibias (including the tibial plateau),5 patellas, 3 fibula top. MRI showed irregular patchy or map-like T1WI low signal, isointensity or slightly high signal intensity T2WI, STIR fat suppression all showed obviously high signal, in which 20 patients with torn meniscus, collateral ligament injuries in 14 cases, anterior cruciate ligament injuries in 8 cases. The X-ray and CT examination of all the patients revealed no signs of fracture. The clinical symptoms and signs of all the patients significantly reduced or disappeared after treatment. Among 29 patients who were followed up from 1 to 12 months, 21 patients had abnormal MRI signal disappearing and 8 patients had abnormal signal weakened.

CONCLUSIONMRI can reveal pathological changes of bone contusion on the knee, and accurately determine ligaments around the joint and soft tissues injuries. Conventional MRI examination and fat-suppression sequence is the most valuable method of bone contusion.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Contusions ; diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Knee Injuries ; diagnosis ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

The output and agronomic characters of 3-year-old Panax notoginseng cultured under stereo structure (upper, middle and down layers) were investigated, and the annual change of N, P and K of its planting soil were also studied. Results showed that, compared with field cultured Panax notoginseng, growth vigour and output of stereo-cultivation were significantly lower. But the total production of the 3 layers was 1.6 times of field. The growth vigor and production of P. notoginseng was in the order of upper layer > middle layer > down layer. The content of ginsenoside in rhizome, root tuber and hair root of P. notoginseng was in the order of upper layer > field > middle layer > down layer. Organic matter content and pH of stereo-cultivation soil decreased with the prolonging of planting time, which with the same trend of yield. Organic matter content of stereo-cultivation soil was significantly higher than field, but the pH was significantly lower. Contents of total and available N, P and K in stereo-cultivation soil and field decreased with the prolonging of planting time. The content of N and P were in the order of upper layer > middle layer > yield > down layer, the content of K was in the order of upper layer > middle layer > down layer > yield. Compared with field, the proportion of N and P in the organ of underground (rhizome, root tuber and hair root) of upper layer were increased, while decreased in middle and down layers. Proportion of K in underground decreased significantly of the 3 layers. In conclusion, the agronomic characters and production of stereo-cultivation were significantly lower than that of yield. But the total production of the 3 layers were significantly higher than field of unit area. And the aim of improving land utilization efficiency was achieved. Nutritions in the soil of stereo-cultivation were enough to support the development of P. notoginseng, which was not the cause of weak growth and low production. The absorbing ability of P. notoginseng to N, P and K nutrients was decreased by stereo-cultivation mode. So, improve the growth vigour of P. notoginseng from the perspective of adjusting the stereo-cultivation mode so as to improve the nutrient absorption capacity is the future direction.
Food ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Nitrogen ; analysis ; Panax notoginseng ; growth & development ; Phosphorus ; analysis ; Potassium ; analysis ; Soil ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo establish a RP-HPLC method for the determination of swertiamarin, sweroside, gentiopicrin and oleanolic acid in different parts of Swertia pseudochinesis.

METHODA Zorbax SB-C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) column was used with acetonitrile-water (10:90) and methnol-water(86:14) at detection wavelengths of 238 nm, 246 nm, 274 nm and 207 nm for swertiamarin, sweroside, gentiopicrin and oleanolic acid respectively. The flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1) and the column temperature was 25 degrees C.

RESULTAll of the compounds were based--isolated. The linear ranges of swertiamarin, sweroside, gentiopicrin and oleanolic acid were 0.068 9-0.344 4(r = 0.999 2) , 0.001 1-0.014 0 (r2 = 0. 999 8), 0.001 1-0.013 4 (r2 = 0.999 9) and 0.001 1-0.008 8 mg x mL(-1) (r2 = 0. 999 6), respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe method is simple and accurate, which can be used for quality control of S. pseudochinesis.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Flowers ; chemistry ; Glucosides ; analysis ; Iridoid Glucosides ; Iridoids ; analysis ; Oleanolic Acid ; analysis ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Pyrones ; analysis ; Reproducibility of Results ; Swertia ; chemistry ; Triterpenes ; analysis

Objective:To accumulate the clinical experience of one-stage revascularization of concomitant carotid artery disease by stenting and coronary artery disease by coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).Methods:In the center, two patients with coronary disease and carotid artery disease,underwent same-day CABG and carotid artery stenting (CAS). The perioperative treatments,procedures of surgery and postoperative results were recorded.Results:The cardiac function of patients were improved.The carotid artery CTA after 6 months of operative indicated the unobstructed stenting,and nosyncope and amaurosis occured.Conclusions:One-stage CABG and CAS is a good choice for patients with coronary disease and carotid artery disease,but the hybrid theatre and good surgical technique were essential.

Objective To study the effect of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),brain natriuretic peptide (BNP),adiponectin (APN) on coronary heart disease(CHD) occurrence,clinical course and prognosis,as well as the correlation among different types of coronary heart disease.Methods A total of 528 cases were divided into control group (same period of healthy volunteers) with 250 cases and the treatment group (CHD patients) with 278 cases,and the treatment group was divided into three groups according to clinical types of coronary heart disease:acute myocardial infarction (AMI) group with 40 cases,unstable angina pectoris (UPA) group with 121 cases,stable angina pectoris (SAP) group with 117 cases.In treatment group,the serum hs-CRP concentration were detected by latex immune ratio;and the serum BNP concentration was determined by chemiluminescence microparticle immuno assay;the serum APN concentration was measured by ELISA.Results In control group and treatment group,the serum hs-CRP were (3.78 ±2.12),(7.29 ±5.98) mg · L-1,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05);the serum APN content division ratio of (81.21 ± 20.89),(1423.89 ± 1389.21) pg · mL-1,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜0.05);the serum BNP levels were (929.23 ± 312.67),(412.34 ±299.89) μg · mL-1,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜0.05).In the treatment group of coronary heart disease,hs-CRP concentration and BNP were not correlated,the difference was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).There was a negative correlation (r =-0.567) and a statistically significant (P ＜0.05) between hs-CRP and APN.No correlation and no significant difference were found between BNP and APN (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The serum hs-CRP,APN and BNP levels were closely related to the development of coronary heart disease,thus they are considered as risk factors for coronary heart disease.

Objective: To observe the clinical effect of Modified Taohong Siwu Decoction (MTSD) in treating pediatric intractable nephropathy (PIN). Methods: Ninety-five patients with PIN were divided into 2 groups at random. The 60 patients in the treated group were treated with MTSD and the 35 patients in the control group were treated with heparin. The clinical therapeutic effect and levels of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 6-keto-prostacyclin F1α (6-keto-PGF1α) before and after treatment were observed. Results: The total effective rate in the treated group was 81.7%, which was similar to that in the control group (80.0%, P>0.05). The levels of TXB2 and TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α ratio were higher in both groups of the patients as compared with those of the healthy control (P<0.01). After treatment, the two criteria were significantly improved in the two treated groups, as compared with those before treatment, the difference was significant (P<0.01), while in comparison between the MTSD treated group and the control group, no significant difference was found (P>0.05). Conclusion: MTSD has good effect in treating PIN, it could improve the metabolic unbalance of thromboxane and prostacyclin.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the clinical data and result of voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) in high-risk children with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) for better awareness of VUR, and to assess the usefulness of non-radioactive voiding ultrasonography (VUS) in the diagnosis of VUR.

METHODNinety-three high-risk children with VUR who were hospitalized from July 2007 to April 2010 were studied. The study included 58 cases of urinary tract infection (UTI) and 35 cases of fetal or postnatal hydronephrosis detected on a B ultrasound scan. The results of urinalysis, urine culture, renal function, B ultrasound and VCUG were evaluated. Part of patients underwent VUS followed by VCUG immediately.

RESULT(1) Sixty-two boys and 31 girls (aged 1 month to 11.5 years, mean age 2 years) were included. VUR was detected in 26 patients (28%) by VCUG. In terms of kidney-ureter units, VUR was detected in 36 of 186 kidney-ureter units, including 6 grade I, 3 grade II, 6 grade III, 15 grade IV and 6 grade V. (2) VUR was detected in 20 of 58 UTI patients (34.5%) by VCUG. The proportion of VUR in recurrent UTI group was 61.1%, much higher than that in first UTI group (22.5%). Thirteen of 20 VUR (65%) occurred in UTI patients under 1 year of age (M/F 10/3), with more bilateral VUR and severe grades of VUR than the older group. VUR was detected in 6 of 35 fetal or postnatal hydronephrosis patients (17.1%) by VCUG. (3) Twenty-two patients underwent both VUS and VCUG. VUR was detected in 4 patients and 6 kidney-ureter units by VCUG, while in 6 patients and 9 kidney-ureter units by VUS. Taking VCUG as the reference standard, VUS had a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 92.1%, positive predictive value of 66.7%, and negative predictive value of 100%. There was a concordance rate of 93.2% between VUS and VCUG.

CONCLUSIONIt is important to early screen VUR in UTI, fetal or postnatal hydronephrosis patients. There are more VUR, especially more bilateral VUR and severe grades of VUR, occurred in UTI patients under 1 year of age compared to older children. The incidence of VUR in recurrent UTI group was much higher than that in first UTI group. VUS is an accurate, reliable and radiation-free technique for the detection of VUR. It could be used to screen high-risk children for VUR and do the evaluation in the follow-up of VUR.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Female ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Infant ; Male ; Ultrasonography ; Urinary Tract Infections ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Urography ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging

OBJECTIVETo evaluate operative technique, patient selection and perioperative management of single-lung transplantation for a patients with end-stage emphysema.

METHODSA 56-year-old patient with end-stage emphysema underwent left-lung transplantation on September 28, 2002. The surgical technique used was similar to that mentioned in the literature. The donor lung was perfused by LPD solution with a cold ischemic time of 260 minutes. Cardiopulmonary bypass was not performed.

RESULTSThe patient weaned from a ventilator at the 93th hour after operation. Immunosuppressants included cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil and corticosteroid. Acute rejection occurred on the ninth day after operation and was cured by bolus methylprednisolone given intravenously. Lung function was improved significantly and the patient was discharged from the hospital on the 47th day after operation.

CONCLUSIONSingle-lung transplantation for patients with end-stage emphysema is effective for long-term improvement of pulmonary function.

Adult ; Emphysema ; surgery ; Graft Rejection ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Lung Transplantation ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged