Humans ; Myocardial Infarction ; physiopathology ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury

Migraine headache causes significant burdens for both the individual and society.The pathogenesis of migraine is incompletely understood until now.The clinical therapies mainly include medical treatment,surgical treatment,behavior therapy,acupuncture and so on.However,drug treatment could only relieve symptom temporary and bring many side effects for long term use including nausea,vomiting.Surgical therapy maybe becomes an efficient method for migraine headache.The authors have reviewed the pathogenesis of migraine,anatomical basis for surgical therapy and clinical application in this article.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of 6 h 99mTc-diethyl iminodiacetic acid (99mTc-EHIDA) planar hepatobiliary scintigraphy (HBS),6 h tomographic HBS and 24 h planar HBS in diagnosis on biliary atresia(BA).Methods Seventy cases(32 male,38 female) with continuous jaundice received planar and tomographic HBS in Beijing Friendship Hospital from Jan.2005 to Dec.2007.The mean age was 48.7 d (29 d-4 months).According to final diagnosis,all cases were divided into BA group (45 cases) and non-BA group (25 cases).All cases fasted at least 4 hours before HBS.The equipment was 3 head IRIX from Philips company with low energy high resolution collimator.The tracer was 99mTc-EHIDA and the radiochemistry purity was more than 95 percent.The dosage was 7.4 MBq/kg.All diagnosis demonstrated by operation pathology and clinical follow-up.All cases received HBS at 5,10,15,20,30 min and 1,6 h after tracer injection.HBS would ended if radioactivity appeared in gallbladder or intestine.These cases would received tomographic HBS and 24 h HBS if radioactivity did not appear in gallbladder or intestine at 6 h post injection.All these images were analyzed by 2 or more nuclear medicine physicians.Results There were not radioactivity appearing in gallbladder and intestine on planar and tomographic HBS of 27 cases,which suggested the BA.There were radioactivity appearing in gallbladder and intestine on planar and tomographic HBS of 30 cases,which suggested the non-BA.Positive rate of 6 h tomographic HBS was significantly higher than that of 6 h planar HBS and there was significantly difference between the 2 methods.Positive rate of 6 h tomographic HBS was significantly higher than that of 24 h planar HBS and there was significant difference between the 2 methods.Conclusions 99mTc-EHIDA HBS is a noninvasive,safety,valuable examing method and has definitely clinical value in the diagnosis on BA.The clinical value of 6 h tomographic HBS is significantly higher than that of 6 h planar HBS and 24 h planar HBS.

The culture medium and cultural conditions of solid-state fermentation of Streptomyces Menmyco-93-63 were tested in this study. The suitable medium which contains rice, sorghum, millet bran, and rice hull with the proportion of 2:2:3:3 was developed for the spore production of Streptomyces Men-myco-93-63 using single substrate screening, mixture substrate screening and orthogonal experiments, and the sporulation was up to 2.52?109 CFU/g. And then, initial charge, initial ratio of water to solid, inoculating quantity, and culture temperature impact to sporulation of Streptomyces Men-myco-93-63 were tested. The favorite cultural conditions are developed as the following: the initial charge is 15 g in 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask; initial ratio of water to solid is 1.7:1.0 (V/W, rice hull excluding), inoculating quantity is 7 mL, culture temperature is 28℃.

OBJECTIVETo identify the anatomical variability of the left spermatic vein (LSV) and determine its effect on the induction of experimental left varicocele (ELV) in adolescent rats.

METHODSWe equally randomized 30 adolescent male SD rats to groups A (LSV collaterals fully ligated and the left renal vein constricted), B (only the left renal vein constricted), and C (sham operation), observed the courses of the LSVs and measured their diameters. At 30 days after operation, we analyzed the changes in the left kidneys and the diameters of the LSVs.

RESULTSIrregular collaterals were observed in 90% of the LSVs and no abnormal changes were found in the left kidneys after surgery. The postoperative LSV diameter was remarkably increased in group A as compared with the baseline ([1.47 +/- 0.15 ] vs [0.16 +/- 0.08] mm, P < 0.01), but showed no significant difference in group B ([0.31 +/- 0.49] vs [0.15 +/- 0.07] mm, P > 0.05) and C ([0.17 +/- 0.07] vs [0.16 +/- 0.06] mm, P > 0.05), and it was significantly longer in A than in B (P < 0.01). The success rate of ELV induction was 100% in group A and 10% in group B, but no varicocele was observed in group C.

CONCLUSIONCorrect identification of the anatomical course of the LSV and ligation of its irregular collaterals are essential for the establishment of a stable and consistent ELV model.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Kidney ; pathology ; Ligation ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spermatic Cord ; blood supply ; Varicocele ; Veins ; abnormalities

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association between hyperglycemia and outcome in elderly patients with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

METHODSThis retrospective analysis was performed on 284 elderly patients (age > or = 60 years) with acute STEMI underwent primary PCI between January 2000 to April 2004 in our department. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the level of blood glucose on admission: group A, < 7.8 mmol/L; group B, 7.8 - 10.9 mmol/L; group C, > or = 11.0 mmol/L.

RESULTS(1) The proportion of female in group B and group C was greater than that of group A (33.3% vs. 26.5%, P < 0.01; 40.2% vs. 26.5%, P < 0.01). The hospital stay time of group B and group C was significantly longer than that of group A (16.0 days vs. 13.9 days, P < 0.05; 16.6 days vs. 13.9 days, P < 0.05). There were more patients with history of hypertension in group C than that in group A (72.1% vs. 54.9%, P < 0.01). (2) After PCI, the proportion of patients with TIMI myocardial perfusion grade (TMPG) 0-1 in group B and C was greater than that of group A (22.6% vs. 13.3%, P < 0.05; 34.1% vs. 13.3%, P < 0.05). The proportion of patients with TMPG 3 in group B and C was less than that in group A (74.3% vs. 84.4%, P < 0.05; 57.6% vs. 84.4%, P < 0.05). The complication rate of PCI was significantly higher in group C than in group A (42.5% vs. 20.6%, P < 0.01) and group B (42.5% vs. 26.6%, P < 0.01). IABP use was significantly more in group C than that in group A (19.5% vs. 4.9%, P < 0.01) and group B (19.5% vs. 6.4%, P < 0.01). (3) There were more patients with grade of Killip class > or = 2 in group C than that in group A (44.8% vs. 23.5%, P < 0.01) and group B (44.8% vs. 27.7%, P < 0.01). The in-hospital mortality rate (8.0% vs. 1.1%, P < 0.05) and one-year mortality rate (18.7% vs. 3.4%, P < 0.05) of group C were significantly higher than those in group A.

CONCLUSIONHyperglycemia at admission was associated with poor tissue perfusion, cardiac function and prognosis in elderly patients with acute STEMI underwent primary PCI.

Aged ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Blood Glucose ; analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; blood ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

The output and agronomic characters of 3-year-old Panax notoginseng cultured under stereo structure (upper, middle and down layers) were investigated, and the annual change of N, P and K of its planting soil were also studied. Results showed that, compared with field cultured Panax notoginseng, growth vigour and output of stereo-cultivation were significantly lower. But the total production of the 3 layers was 1.6 times of field. The growth vigor and production of P. notoginseng was in the order of upper layer > middle layer > down layer. The content of ginsenoside in rhizome, root tuber and hair root of P. notoginseng was in the order of upper layer > field > middle layer > down layer. Organic matter content and pH of stereo-cultivation soil decreased with the prolonging of planting time, which with the same trend of yield. Organic matter content of stereo-cultivation soil was significantly higher than field, but the pH was significantly lower. Contents of total and available N, P and K in stereo-cultivation soil and field decreased with the prolonging of planting time. The content of N and P were in the order of upper layer > middle layer > yield > down layer, the content of K was in the order of upper layer > middle layer > down layer > yield. Compared with field, the proportion of N and P in the organ of underground (rhizome, root tuber and hair root) of upper layer were increased, while decreased in middle and down layers. Proportion of K in underground decreased significantly of the 3 layers. In conclusion, the agronomic characters and production of stereo-cultivation were significantly lower than that of yield. But the total production of the 3 layers were significantly higher than field of unit area. And the aim of improving land utilization efficiency was achieved. Nutritions in the soil of stereo-cultivation were enough to support the development of P. notoginseng, which was not the cause of weak growth and low production. The absorbing ability of P. notoginseng to N, P and K nutrients was decreased by stereo-cultivation mode. So, improve the growth vigour of P. notoginseng from the perspective of adjusting the stereo-cultivation mode so as to improve the nutrient absorption capacity is the future direction.
Food ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Nitrogen ; analysis ; Panax notoginseng ; growth & development ; Phosphorus ; analysis ; Potassium ; analysis ; Soil ; chemistry

To study the genetic variation and evolutionary characteristics of H1N1 swine influenza virus, all the eight genes of LM were amplified by RT- PCR, cloned into pMD18-T vector and sequenced respectively. The results showed that neither insertion nor deletion was observed in nucleotides of LM. The amino acids sequence of cleavage site of HA is IPSIQSR decrease G, suggesting that LM did not have the molecular characteristics of high pathogen. HA had highly conservative N-glycosylation site at position 11, 23, 87 and 276 sites of HA1, and two more at position 154 and 213 sites of HA2. NA had highly conservative N-glycosylation site at position 58, 63, 68, 88, 146, and two more at position 44 and 235 sites, which might be one molecular characteristics of H1N1 subtype of SIV. The results of Bast showed HA gene had high homology to the strain of 'human-like' SIV (99%), while others had high homology to the 'classical' SIV. So it is inferred that HA of LM might originate from human-like linage swine influenza virus, while others might originate from 'classical' swine influenza virus.
Animals ; Cloning, Molecular ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus ; chemistry ; genetics ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; classification ; genetics ; Neuraminidase ; chemistry ; genetics ; Phylogeny ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of entecavir (ETV) as a long-term treatment in patients with lamivudine (LAM)-refractory chronic hepatitis B (CHB).

METHODSIn this phase II study of ETV-056, 32 CHB patients with resistance to LAM monotherapy were administered ETV at 1.0 mg/day and monitored over a period of 8 years. The virologic, serologic and biochemical responses were measured throughout the treatment course. Outcomes analysis was conducted according to intention-to-treat principles.

RESULTSAt baseline and treatment weeks 8, 12, 24, 48, 96, 144, 192, 240, and 420, the proportion of patients with HBV DNA less than 300 copies/ml was 0, 6.3% (2/32), 9.4% (3/32), 18.8% (6/32), 18.8%(6/32), 46.9% (15/32), 43.8% (14/32), 50.0% (16/32), 50.0% (16/32), and 62.5% (20/32). At treatment weeks 48, 96, 168, 192, 240, and 420, the proportion of patients experiencing virological breakthrough was 6.1% (2/32), 9.4% (3/32), 12.5% (4/32), 18.8%(6/32), 25.0%(8/32), and 28.1% (9/32). In the 8 year study period, 32.3% (10/31) of patients achieved HBs seroconversion and four patients achieved HBe seroconversion.

CONCLUSIONWhile treatment with 1.0 mg/day ETV for up to 8 years resulted in mild HBV DNA suppression and increase of HBeAg seroconversion, the safety profile of this therapy was good but the economic cost was high and virological breakthrough rates were high.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Antiviral Agents ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; Female ; Guanine ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Lamivudine ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Failure ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constitutes of Acantophora spicifera.

METHODCompounds were isolated by normal phase silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography, and reverse-phase HPLC, as well as recrystallization. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods.

RESULTSeven compounds were isolated from A. spicifera and their structures were identified as aplysin (1), loloilide (2), (R)-(-)-dehydrovomifoliol (3), uracil (4), thymine (5), 1-methoxy-4-(1-propenyl) benzene (6).

CONCLUSIONThe compounds were obtained from this genus for the first time. Compound 6 was firstly obtained from marine organisms.

Chromatography ; methods ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Rhodophyta ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Sesquiterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Styrenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Thymine ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Uracil ; chemistry ; isolation & purification