Child ; Female ; Gastric Mucosa ; pathology ; Gastritis, Hypertrophic ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; diagnosis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective effect of melatonin on residual hair follicle cells of scald rats at early stage.

METHODSEighteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into scald group, treatment group, sham group , with 6 rats in each group. The rats in scald group and treatment group were subjected to 30% TBSA partial thickness scald on the back, and were resuscitated with balanced solution after 1 hour, while those in sham group were immersed in water at 37 degrees C for 25 s to simulate scald, and did not receive fluid replacement. Rats in treatment group were intraperitoneally injected with 10 mg/kg melatonin solution at 1 minute, 8 hours and 12 hours after scald, while those in sham group and scald group were given equal volume of 1% alcohol sodium-isotonic saline instead. Tissue samples were harvested at 6, 12 and 24 post scald hours (PSH) for determination of MDA and GSH levels. Apoptosis of residul hair follicle was detected by TUNEL method and immunohistochemistry of caspase-3.

RESULTSThe level of MDA in scald group at each time point was much higher than that in sham group (P < 0.01) and treatment group (P < 0.05), and it peaked at 12 PSH. The changes in GSH were just opposite to that of MDA. Under fluorescence microscope, the residual hair follicle cells were blue, and the apoptotic cells appeared green. The apoptosis rate in scald group at 6, 12, 24 PSH was obviously higher than that in sham (P < 0.01) and treatment groups (P < 0.05), which was (20.2 +/- 3.4)% vs (4.3 +/- 2.3)% vs (10.9 +/- 3.2)%, (31.2 +/- 3.6)% vs (5.1 +/- 2.5)% vs (19.1 +/- 3.7)%, (22.4 +/- 2.7)% vs (4.1 +/- 2.4)% vs (13.1 +/- 3.4)%, respectively. The score of caspase-3 positive cell in scald group was higher than those in sham group (P < 0.01) and treatment group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThere is obvious correlation between oxidative stress and apoptosis rate of hair follicle cells in rats with partial thickness scald. Early administration of melatonin may have anti-apoptosis ability for residual hair follicle cells by attenuation of oxidative stress.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Burns ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Hair Follicle ; cytology ; metabolism ; Male ; Melatonin ; therapeutic use ; Oxidative Stress ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

In recent years, based on the phase III clinical study, postoperative chemoradiation, perioperative chemotherapy with ECF regimen and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with oral S-1 have become the standard adjuvant treatment of resectable gastric adenocarcinoma in the United States, Europe, and Japan, respectively. Since the Southwest Oncology Group in 2001 reported a large phase III randomized clinical trial INT0116, adjuvant chemoradiotherapy has become a standard treatment for gastric adenocarcinoma. With the rapid development of chemoradiotherapy technique, clinical researches for using operation combined with chemoradiotherapy to treat gastric adenocarcinoma emerged one after another, including adjuvant postoperative chemoradiation, preoperative chemoradiation, and chemoradiation combined with intraoperative radiotherapy and so on. This review will summarize the recent treatment protocol using chemoradiotherapy for resectable gastric adenocarcinoma, and comprehensively evaluate the clinical value and significance of chemoradiotherapy for resectable gastric adenocarcinoma.
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Humans ; Perioperative Care ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Stomach Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; radiotherapy ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo explore the influence factor of stress ulcer bleeding(SUB) in postoperative rectal cancer patients.

METHODSClinical data of rectal cancer patients undergoing operation in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were divided into case group and control group according to the postoperative occurrence of SUB. Univariate analysis combined with multivariate analysis were used to evaluate the influence factors.

RESULTSChronic diseases incidence of case group was higher than that of control group. Except for renal failure, the incidence of postoperative complications of case group was higher than that of control group. Univariate analysis revealed that age, chronic disease, preoperative, and postoperative complications had statistical significant differences(P<0.05). Multivariate analysis identified that age(OR=2.893, 95%CI:1.118-5.543), drinking history(OR=3.839, 95%CI:1.012-6.654), preoperative chronic disease(OR=4.646, 95%CI:1.872-8.892), intraoperative bleeding volume(OR=5.129, 95%CI:2.829-9.328), occurrence of severe complications after surgery(OR=6.576, 95%CI:4.539-13.278), postoperative application of glucocorticoid(OR=2.978, 95%CI:1.013-4.512), preoperative application of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(OR=2.126, 95%CI:1.287-7.636) were risk factors for SUB in rectal cancer patients after operation. Postoperative prophylactic use antacids(OR=0.102, 95%CI:0.017-0.196) was protective factor for SUB patients.

CONCLUSIONEffective measures should be taken for high-risk patients, in order to improve the prognosis of patients.

Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; etiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Morbidity ; Multivariate Analysis ; Postoperative Complications ; Postoperative Period ; Prognosis ; Rectal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Ulcer ; etiology

OBJECTIVETo analyze the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of radiation-induced liver injury following three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy.

METHODSA retrospective review of the MRI data was conducted in 20 patients treated between September 2000 and October 2005, who suffered liver injuries induced by 1 or 2 three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy sessions for liver neoplasm. The patients underwent MR scans with T2-weighted sequences and T1-weighted sequences in both plain and Gd-DTPA enhanced MRI. Four patients with suspected tumor relapse suggested by MRI were pathologically confirmed to have radiation-induced liver injury.

RESULTSAcute radiation-induced liver injury was represented by large patches of liver edema consistent with the irradiation volume, showing low signal intensity on T1-weighted images (T1WI) and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images (T2WI) without arterial phase enhancement after Gd-DTPA injection. Delayed radiation-induced liver injury was manifested by slightly low-intensity signal on plain T1WI and slightly high-intensity signal on T2WI without obvious arterial phase enhancement following Gd-DTPA injection but with marked enhancement during the portal-venous and delayed phases.

CONCLUSIONRadiation-induced liver injury presents characteristic MRI features, and plain and dynamic enhanced MRI can be of great value for its diagnosis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Diseases ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiation Injuries ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; Radiotherapy, Conformal ; adverse effects ; methods ; Sensitivity and Specificity

OBJECTIVEInadequate postnatal nutritional support is an important factor contributing to growth failure, which leads to poor neurological outcome. In this study, co-word analysis was used to investigate the research on nutrition of premature infants over the last six years in China, describe the research trend in this field in China, and provide possible directions for future research.

METHODSA literature search was performed in January 2013 using the CNKI database and the key words "preterm infant" and "nutrition". A total of 772 articles were retrieved. Then high-frequency key words were extracted using Excel 2010 to create a co-occurrence matrix. Finally, a visualized network was built using Ucinet 6.0.

RESULTSThe knowledge domain map of research on nutritional support for premature infants in China showed that the major topic of relevant research is still the combination of parenteral nutrition and enteral nutrition, with the goal of maintaining appropriate growth rates in premature infants. Researchers have paid much attention to the adverse effects of parenteral nutrition. Feeding intolerance is still the main problem in nutritional support, especially enteral nutrition, for premature infants.

CONCLUSIONSA visualized network of current research on nutrition of premature infants in China has been created, and a knowledge domain map has been drawn to reflect the hot topics in this field of study over the last six years.

Enteral Nutrition ; Humans ; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; physiology ; Parenteral Nutrition

OBJECTIVETo compare the effects of different contrast media on the renal function in children, and to investigate the prophylactic efficacy of hydration.

METHODSSixty patients on whom either intravenous pyelography (IVP) or enhanced CT scan was required were divided into high osmolality contrast media (HOCM) group (n = 27) and low osmolality contrast media (LOCM) group (n = 33), and each group was randomly subdivided into hydration group (HG) and non-hydration group (NHG). In HOCM group, HG had 14 cases and NHG had 13 cases; while in LOCM group, HG had 18 cases and NHG had 15 cases. A 1/5-tonic solution at a dose of 20 ml/kg was intravenously given immediately after the exposure to a contrast medium within 3 hours in the HG, while the NHG cases were not given any infusion.

RESULTSThere were no significant difference between HG and NHG in baseline serum creatinin (SCr) and creatinin clearance (Ccr). After exposure, in HOCM group, SCr of NHG (59.71 +/- 12.49) micromol/L significantly increased as compared with baseline (49.91 +/- 6.09) micromol/L (P < 0.05), while Ccr (97.81 +/- 15.10)ml/(min x 1.73 m(2)) decreased compared with baseline (71.33 +/- 7.51) ml/(min x 1.73 m(2)) (P < 0.05). No significant changes of SCr and Ccr were observed in the HG before (48.37 +/- 7.11) micromol/L, (99.81 +/- 15.41) ml/(min x 1.73 m(2)) and after (49.63 +/- 6.84) micromol/L, (88.29 +/- 12.75) ml/(min x 1.73 m(2)) (P > 0.05) the exposure to contrast medium. Contrast medium-associated nephropathy (CAN) was found in 3 cases in NHG (23.1%, 3/13) but none in HG (P > 0.05). In the LOCM group, there was no significant difference in SCr and Ccr before and after the exposure to the contrast media. The incidence of CAN was 6.7% (1/15) in the NHG and 11.1% (2/18) in the HG (P > 0.05). The average increase of SCr in HOCM group was significantly higher than that in LOCM group (Z = -2.42, P < 0.05). The average decrease of Ccr in HOCM group was significantly higher than that in LOCM group (Z = -2.83, P < 0.05). The SCr and Ccr of the 6 CAN cases in both HOCM and LOCM groups returned to baseline level within 2 weeks.

CONCLUSIONS(1) Children can develop reversible CAN after the exposure to high or low osmolality contrast medium. (2) The high osmolality contrast medium seemed to have more serious toxicity in renal function than low osmolality contrast medium. (3) The prophylactic use of hydration can effectively prevent CAN in patients who will expose to high osmolality contrast medium. (4) Children can develop reversible CAN after the exposure to low osmolality contrast medium even after hydration.

Child ; Contrast Media ; adverse effects ; Creatinine ; blood ; Fluid Therapy ; Humans ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Kidney Diseases ; chemically induced ; prevention & control ; Kidney Function Tests ; Osmolar Concentration

Objective To investigate suitable condition for extraction of the active components from Ajuga nipponensis (A. nipponensis). Methods Orthogonal experimental design was used to determine the optimal extraction parameters for ecdysterones and flavonoids. Finally, the hepatoprotective abilities of A. nipponensis extracts were evaluated by CCl

OBJECTIVETo investigate the change in neuropeptide substance P (SP) in the burn wound skin in scalded rats.

METHODSThe SP distribution density in the rat skin samples from the burn wound, peri-wound area and remote area of scalded rats were determined by immunohistochemistry technique. The mRNA expression of SP was observed by in situ hybridization.

RESULTSThe distribution density of SP in the skin samples from the above three areas decreased obviously since 15 mins postburn, dropped to the lowest level during 6 - 12 postburn hou (PBH), and then recovered thereafter. Comparatively, the recovery in peri-wound area occurred earlier. In addition, there was emigration of macrophage-like large cells with positive SP immunoreactivity from local blood vessels in the dermal layer of the burn wound and peri-wound areas. The large cells were closely related to the local SP-containing nerve fibres at 12 PBHs. Intensified staining of the cells was identified at 24 PBHs with the disintegration of the cells into pieces with release of large amounts of positive SP immunoreactive granules, followed by disappearance of the cells at 48 PBHs. It was indicated by in situ hybridization that the preprotachykinin A (PPTA) mRNA encoding and synthesizing SP was expressed in various cells at 6 PBHs.

CONCLUSIONSP might be synthesized and released from cutaneous nerve ending or from local inflammatory cells after skin burn injury.

Animals ; Burns ; metabolism ; pathology ; In Situ Hybridization ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Skin ; metabolism ; Substance P ; metabolism ; Wound Healing ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo establish a long-term in vitro culture of the fibroblasts obtained from burn wounds.

METHODSSkin samples were harvested from normal volunteers and the deep partial thickness burn wound in burn patients on the 5th, 10th, 21st, 28th and 35th postburn days (PBDs). The non-dermal tissue was removed from the samples and primed by chlorhexidine solution in concentration of 2.5 g/L. The skin sample was then digested by trypsin-EDTA in concentration of 1.25 g/L and was centrifuged before the cells were harvested and cultured. When the cells grew nearly to form sheet, multiple passage culture, freezing storage and revivification were carried out with routine methods. The cell morphology was continuously observed during the culture. And the cell doubling time was calculated.

RESULTSThe wound-origin fibroblasts exhibited higher purity and better activity. The cellular growth features and gross morphology kept stable during primary and secondary culture, and during freezing storage and after revivification. The cells kept their activity above 80% of their original after many times of revivification.

CONCLUSIONThe establishment of the in vitro culture of fibroblasts from burn wounds might be useful in the exploration of the pathogenesis and therapeutic measures of scars.

Burns ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Culture Techniques ; methods ; Cell Division ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Cryopreservation ; Factor VIII ; analysis ; Fibroblasts ; chemistry ; cytology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Time Factors