Purpose: This study aimed to provide basic data for the future development of school-based sexuality education and school nurse placement policies by examining the sexuality education experience in middle schools according to levels of school nurse placement and identifying factors influencing on adolescent sexual risk behaviors. Methods: This study examined data from the 2018 14th Korean Youth Risk Behavior Survey. The raw data from 30,229 middle school students enrolled in 400 schools were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, independent t test, and complex sample logistic regression analysis. Results: It is found that, in Korea, school nurse placement rates varied by region from 37.9% to 114.8%, resulting in different levels of sexuality and alcohol prevention education (p < .001). Sexuality and alcohol prevention education lowered the likelihood of sexual risk behaviors by 0.54 and 0.87 times, respectively. The experience of drinking alcohol increased a student's likelihood of committing sexual risk behaviors by 4.40 and 3.57 times, respectively, whereas the experience of using a drug increased the risk by 9.42 and 5.00 times, respectively. Personal factors (e.g., gender and academic achievement) and socioenvironmental factors (e.g., school type and perceived economic status) were also found to influence on the sexual risk behaviors of adolescents, although, not to the same degree as sexuality education or health risk behaviors. Conclusion To protect students' sex-related health equity, more elaborate support policies are needed to ensure adequate placement of school nurses able to provide professional sexuality and related health education.

Purpose: This study aimed to provide basic data for the future development of school-based sexuality education and school nurse placement policies by examining the sexuality education experience in middle schools according to levels of school nurse placement and identifying factors influencing on adolescent sexual risk behaviors. Methods: This study examined data from the 2018 14th Korean Youth Risk Behavior Survey. The raw data from 30,229 middle school students enrolled in 400 schools were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, independent t test, and complex sample logistic regression analysis. Results: It is found that, in Korea, school nurse placement rates varied by region from 37.9% to 114.8%, resulting in different levels of sexuality and alcohol prevention education (p < .001). Sexuality and alcohol prevention education lowered the likelihood of sexual risk behaviors by 0.54 and 0.87 times, respectively. The experience of drinking alcohol increased a student's likelihood of committing sexual risk behaviors by 4.40 and 3.57 times, respectively, whereas the experience of using a drug increased the risk by 9.42 and 5.00 times, respectively. Personal factors (e.g., gender and academic achievement) and socioenvironmental factors (e.g., school type and perceived economic status) were also found to influence on the sexual risk behaviors of adolescents, although, not to the same degree as sexuality education or health risk behaviors. Conclusion To protect students' sex-related health equity, more elaborate support policies are needed to ensure adequate placement of school nurses able to provide professional sexuality and related health education.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the relationships among job characteristics, knowledge sharing, organizational culture, and organizational commitment in occupational health nurses (OHN) and clinical nurses (CN) to identify factors that might influence organizational commitment. It aimed to contribute to the improvement of knowledge management in health care organizations, including industrial workplaces and hospitals. METHODS: A convenience sample of 188 nurses, specifically 100 OHN and 88 CN, was selected. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-tests, correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: OHNs had a significantly higher education level and current work experience; higher proportion of participants with contract employment status, day work shift, less turnover experience, good lifestyle; and higher scores on organizational culture (3.3±0.61) and organizational commitment (3.1±0.60). Additionally, the correlations among organizational commitment, job characteristics, knowledge sharing, and organizational culture ware higher (r=.38~.57) among OHNs as compared to those among CNs. Further, the organizational commitment of OHNs was significantly influenced by knowledge sharing, organizational culture, working hours, and salary (R²=.32), while that of CNs was influenced by organizational culture and life event stress (R²=.11). CONCLUSION: There is a need to develop measures to enable nurses to contribute to the improvement of knowledge management in health care organizations as major human resources, by including interventions for the major factors leading to between-group differences in organizational performance.
Delivery of Health Care ; Education ; Employment ; Humans ; Knowledge Management ; Life Style ; Occupational Health* ; Organizational Culture* ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits

Background: Hypertrophic scarring represents an aberrant response to wounds in certain individuals, manifesting with symptoms such as itching, tenderness, pain, and pigmentation. This study aimed to investigate the impact of a silicone-based gel on the healing of hypertrophic scars, particularly those originating from deep tissue wounds. Methods: A rat model of wound healing and scarring was established, and 12 rats were randomly assigned to three groups: Dermatix Ultra group, SFG-100 silicone-gel group, and non-treated group. Rats in the treated groups (Dermatix Ultra and SFG-100 silicone-gel) received twice-daily applications for 8 weeks. Histologic analysis, including biopsy, was conducted to evaluate the scar elevation index, epidermis thickness, and the number of granulation veins. Results: Overall, both the Dermatix Ultra and SFG-100 silicone-gel groups exhibited improvements in hypertrophic scar healing, accompanied by a significant reduction in skin pigmentation. Histopathologically, scars in both treated groups displayed a notable decrease in scar elevation index, epithelial thickness, and collagen disorganization compared to the non-treated group. However, no significant difference was observed between the Dermatix Ultra and SFG-100 silicone-gel groups. Conclusion The results suggest that SFG-100 silicone-gel is an effective therapeutic agent for hypertrophic scars. Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying its efficacy and to optimize its application for clinical use.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between nutrient intakes and blood parameters of cardiovascular function in 40 female college students on self-selected diet in Chungnam. Anthropometric measurements, analysis of dietary intakes and blood composition were conducted. Serum levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, CK-MB, and LDH were measured by biochemical analyzer. The results were summarized as follows. The mean age of the subjects was 22.5+/-7.2 years. The weight, height and BMI were 52.4+/-7.2kg, 161.3+/-5.7cm and 20.2+/-2.4, respectively. Daily energy and lipid intakes were 1634.2+/-437.7kcal and 46.8+/-17.0g. And the ratio of carbohydrate, protein, and lipid to energy intake was 59.2 : 14.5 : 26.3. Serum concentrations appeared to be 61.1+/-24.2mg/dl(triglyceride), 141.2+/-33.0mg/dl(total cholesterol), 64.8+/-20.1mg/dl(HDL-cholesterol), 64.1+/-25.4mg/dl(LDL-cholesterol), 7.2+/-3.2IU/iota (CK-MB), 107.9+/-23.4IU/iota (LDH). In the relation between nutrient intakes and serum parameters, vitamin B1 intake showed positive correlation with triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, and CK-MB, respectively(p<0.001, p<0.05, p<0.05). Vitamin B2 intake had positive correlation with triglyceride(p<0.05). And vitamin C intake had negative correlation with HDL-cholesterol(p<0.05). From these results, it is suggested that the intakes of micro nutrients such as vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C have relation with cardiovascular function in female college students. However, further systematic research is needed to investigate the functions of micro nutrients in healthy persons for prevention of chronic diseases.
Ascorbic Acid ; Cholesterol ; Chronic Disease ; Chungcheongnam-do* ; Diet ; Energy Intake ; Female* ; Humans ; Riboflavin ; Thiamine ; Triglycerides

Background: This study focuses on the development of a hydrogel wound patch incorporating natural extracts, designed to function as a sun patch. By maintaining a moist environment and delivering bioactive compounds, the patch promotes wound healing while also providing cooling and ultraviolet (UV) protection. This dual-purpose approach enhances skin recovery and shields damaged areas from external stressors. The study aims to optimize the formulation and evaluate its efficacy for both therapeutic and cosmetic applications. Methods: Hydrogel solutions prepared using acrylamide, glycerol, and carboxymethyl cellulose were enriched with extracts from Saururus chinensis, Styrax japonicus, and Centella asiatica. The enriched solutions were processed into patches and tested for their adhesion, cooling effects, and UV protective abilities. Additionally, the wound healing efficacy was evaluated in a mouse model. Results: The hydrogel patches demonstrated comparable adhesion properties, effective skin cooling, and high UV protection rates similar to those of commercially available products. In the mouse model, the patches significantly improved wound closure and tissue regeneration in the experimental group as compared to the control group. Conclusion The study confirms that hydrogel sun patches enriched with natural extracts have the ability to effectively promote wound healing and offer substantial UV protection and cooling benefits, demonstrating their potential medical and cosmetic applications.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence of falsely elevated risk of ovarian malignancy algorithm (ROMA) in a group of women with pathologically confirmed endometrioma and to investigate the associated factors. METHODS: One hundred premenopausal women surgically diagnosed with ovarian endometrioma were selected. Preoperative clinical, laboratory, and surgical characteristics were compared between the elevated-risk group (ROMA-premenopausal value, ≥7.4%) and normal-risk group (ROMA-premenopausal value, <7.4%). RESULTS: Elevated ROMA was observed in 15 women (false positive rate, 15%). Excluding one woman with known chronic renal failure, we compared the characteristics of 99 women between the elevated-risk group (n=14) and the normalrisk group (n=85). None of the clinical and surgical variables distinguished the two groups. Serum level of CA 125 >82.3 U/mL and serum level of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) >46 pmol/L could predict an elevated ROMA test with a statistical significance. When serum level of HE4 ≤46 pmol/L, none of the women showed an elevated ROMA test, regardless of serum level of CA 125; however, 55.6% of the women showed an elevated ROMA test when serum level of HE4 >46 pmol/L and CA 125 ≤82.3 U/mL and all women showed an elevated ROMA test when serum level of HE4 >46 pmol/L and CA 125 >82.3 U/mL. CONCLUSION: The incidence of falsely elevated ROMA was 15% in the group of women with pathologically confirmed endometrioma. Interpretation of the ROMA results should be cautious when serum level of HE4 >46 pmol/L and CA 125 >82.3 U/mL in women with suspicious ovarian endometrioma.
Endometriosis* ; Epididymis ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Male ; Roma

Citrus junos seeds (CS) have been traditionally used for the treatment of cancer and neuralgia. They are also used to manufacture edible oil and cosmetic perfume. A large amount of CS shells without oil (CSS) are discarded after the oil in CS is used as foods or herbal remedy. To efficiently utilize CSS as a by-products, it needs to be studied through chemical analysis. Therefore, we developed an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)–diode array detection (DAD) method for simultaneous determination and quantitative analysis of five components (two flavonoids and threes limonoids) in CSS. A Waters Acquity UPLC HSS T3 column C18 (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.8 μm) was used for this separation. It was maintained at 40 oC. The mobile phase used for the analysis was distilled water and acetonitrile with gradient elution. To identify the quantity of the five components, a mass spectrometer (MS) with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source was used. The regression equation showed great linearity, with correlation coefficient ≥ 0.9912. Limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) of the five compounds were 0.09 – 0.13 and 0.26 – 0.38 μg/mL, respectively. Recoveries of extraction ranged from 97.45% to 101.91%. Relative standard deviation (RSD) values of intra- and inter-day precision were 0.06 – 1.15% and 0.19 – 0.25%, respectively. This UPLC–DAD method can be validated to simultaneously analyze quantities of marker flavonoids and limonoids in CSS.

In order to assess inhibitory potentials of white rose petal extracts (WRPE) on the activities of enzymes related to dermal aging according to the extraction conditions, three extraction methods were adopted. WRPE was prepared by extracting dried white rose (Rosa hybrida) petals with 50% ethanol (WRPE-EtOH), Pectinex(R) SMASH XXL enzyme (WRPE-enzyme) or high temperature-high pressure (WRPE-HTHP). In the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-1, although the enzyme activity was fully inhibited by all 3 extracts at 100 microg/mL in 60 min, partial inhibition (50-70%) was achieved only by WRPE-EtOH and WRPE-enzyme at 50 microg/mL. High concentrations (> or =250 microg/mL) of all 3 extracts markedly inhibited the elastase activity. However, at low concentrations (15.6-125 microg/mL), only WRPE-EtOH inhibited the enzyme activity. Notably, WRPE-EtOH was superior to WRPE-enzyme and WRPE-HTHP in the inhibition of tyrosinase. WRPE-EtOH significantly inhibited the enzyme activity from 31.2 microM, reaching 80% inhibition at 125 microM. In addition to its strong antioxidative activity, the ethanol extract of white rose petals was confirmed to be effective in inhibiting skin aging-related enzymes. Therefore, it is suggested that WRPE-EtOH could be a good candidate for the improvement of skin aging such as wrinkle formation and pigmentation.
Aging ; Ethanol ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 ; Monophenol Monooxygenase ; Pancreatic Elastase ; Pigmentation ; Skin Aging* ; Skin*

PURPOSE: To report a case of progressive outer retinal necrosis treated by combined intravitreal foscarnet and ganciclovir. CASE SUMMARY: A 11-year-old male with a history of chemotherapy and cord blood transplantation due to precursor T-cell leukemia developed Herpes zoster lesion on his forehead and rapidly progressing peripheral retinal necrosis without vasculitis in the right eye. Varicella-Zoster virus was confirmed in his cerebrospinal fluid using polymerase chain reaction (PCR); and the patient was diagnosed with progressive outer retinal necrosis. Despite combined treatment with intravenous acyclovir and foscarnet and intravitreal foscarnet, retinal necrosis progressed to retinal detachment and total retinal necrosis. During follow-up, new retinal necrosis was observed in his left eye. The patient was started on combined intravenous and intravitreal foscarnet and ganciclovir; retinal necrosis in the left eye regressed and posterior pole was spared. With subsequent oral valganciclovir and intravitreal foscarnet and ganciclovir, the remaining retina was preserved with maintained vision.
Acyclovir ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Child ; Drug Therapy ; Fetal Blood ; Follow-Up Studies ; Forehead ; Foscarnet* ; Ganciclovir* ; Herpes Zoster ; Herpesvirus 3, Human ; Humans ; Leukemia, T-Cell ; Male ; Necrosis* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Retina ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinaldehyde* ; Vasculitis