AIM: To conclude the characteristics of flash visual evoke potentials (FVEP), and pattern visual evoke potentials (PVEP) of the healthy school-age children.And to compare the two methods, in order to find the association of them, and to find the impact of sex, age, and the other biological variables.METHODS: A total of 101 healthy children were recruited (age from 5 to 14.4y, mean 8.27y).Each of them was underwent FVEP and PVEP examinations.Then the results were statistically analyzed by SPSS 13.0.RESULTS: The curves of PVEP are simple and stable, while FVEP waveforms are variable.The latency of P100 of females is shorter than males.However there was no significant difference for FVEP in sex control.To compare the parameters between the two hemispheres, the amplitude of P100 of left eyes were higher than the right side.FVEP showed no difference in the two hemispheres either.There was no significant difference for age-dependent decreased in neither PVEP nor FVEP.And in a regression analysis of the FVEP and PVEP, we could not find the inner connection of the two methods.CONCLUSION: Based on our research, there were no significant differences in age level or sex control in the period of school-age children.And there is no inner connection of the two methods.The differences between the PVEP and FVEP results might be due to the origin of these two responses.And these two stimuli should be used in a complementary manner not as alternative examinations.

Objective:To develop a catalytic system for the asymmetric Morita-Baylis-Hillman ( MBH) reaction of conjugated ni-troalkene with activated aldehyde, and screen out the chiral catalysts with high activity and enantioselectivity. Methods: Totally 21 chiral organocatalysts were applied in the asymmetric MBH reaction ofβ-nitrostyrene with ethyl glyoxylate, and the ee value was deter-mined by chiral HPLC. The effects of temperature, solvent and substrate ratio on the catalytic reaction were investigated. Results: In the presence of cinchona alkaloid catalyst (DHQ)2AQN, β-nitrostyrene reacted with ethyl glyoxylate in toluene at 0℃ affording the MBH adduct in 60% yield with good enantioselectivity (up to 56.9% ee). Conclusion: The bis-cinchona alkaloids with aromatic bridging group are the efficient catalysts for the asymmetric MBH reaction ofβ-nitrostyrene with ethyl glyoxylate, and moderate isolated yield and enantioselectivity are obtained.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Blotting, Western ; Brain ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hypoxia, Brain ; metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; Myelin Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; metabolism ; Nogo Proteins ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Time Factors

Child ; Humans ; Polysomnography ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Tonsillectomy ; methods

Purpose:To determine the efficacy of paclitaxel in human bladder cancer lines and to investigate the mechanism by which paclita xel induce apoptosis in human bladder cancer cells. Methods:BIU-87, 5637, T24 and EJ bladder cancer cell lines wer e cultured by techniques of cell culture in vitro. The cytotoxic activity an d apoptosis induction abilities of paclitaxel were analyzed by MTT and Annexin- V assay as well as DNA cytometry , respectively. The effects on the cell cycle w ere assessed by flow cytometry of propidium iodide. The expressions of Bcl-2, B ax, p53 and Caspase3 proteins were determined by flow cytometry immunofluorescen ce. Results:Paclitaxel dose-dependent inhibition of cell prolifera tion was seen.Paclitaxel induced G_2/M arrest (71.29% and 64.57%) which was maximal in 5637 and EJ cell lines. While paclitaxel at 1?g/ml concentration ex posure to 5637 12h, 14h and 48h respectively, the apoptosis rates of the respect ive times were 5.0%, 12.9%, 27.6%. The expression of genes p53 and Bcl-2 was no t influenced, whereas the expression of Bax and Caspase3 had increases time-dep endently after exposure to paclitaxel. The analysis of Annexin-V showed a drama tic dose-dependent increase of apoptosis. Conclusions:Paclitaxel inhibited bladder cancer cells prolifera tion and had more effect on those cells whose grade was lower and doubling time was longer. Paclitaxel could block G_2/M arrest, and induce apoptosis by th e path of Bcl-2/Bax in bladder cancer cell lines.

A novel biosensor for aflatoxin B1 detecting has been reported. The biosensor electrode for AFB1 detecting was assembled by immobilized aflatoxin-oxidoreductase using open-ended multi-walled carbon nanotubes as matrix. Its linear range was between 0.16?M and 3.2?M. And if the specific anti-aflatoxin B1 antibody and aflatoxin oxidoreductase were both immobilized on the electrode with Multi-Walled carbon nanotubes, the detection limit of the modified electrode could be 16 nM with a 10 times improved sensitivity. The aflatoxin enzyme biosensor assembled this way strode one step forward its practical application.

Trypanosoma is a human parasite severely affecting poor tropical areas.However,current frontline drugs for Trypanosoma treatment have severe side-effects with decreased effectiveness.Based on the fact that aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase is a bonafide drug target for several microorganisms,including bacteria and fungi,it is plausible that it may also be effective target of Trypanosoma.The Trypanosoma brucei leucyl-tRNA synthetase(tbLeuRS)was cloned,expressed and purified to develop an in vitro enzymatic assay system.The assay conditions were further optimized for the effective screening of tbLeuRS inhibitors thus establishing an anti-Trypanosoma drug screening system targeting tbLeuRS.The results indicated that this system can be employed for the effective screening of anti-Trypanosoma drugs with satisfactory specificity.In addition,this system can also be used for compound optimization,as well as IC50 testing.Using this system a series of compounds are identified that are effective Trypanosoma inhibitors without toxicity to human cells.Therefore,targeting tbLeuRS may represent a new venue for the development of anti-Trypanosoma drugs.

More and more studies have revealed that the level of serum prostate specific antigen(PSA) has little value for early diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa). For example, negative prostate biopsies are as high as 70%-80% for patients with serum PSA ranging between 4 ng/mL and 10 ng/mL. However, the negative results cannot exclude the existence of cancer. In the studies of the early diagnosis of PCa, investigators focused on seeking biomarkers that have higher sensitivity and specificity. Recently, PSA derivatives, HPC1, PCA3, TMPRSS2: ETS, GSTP1, AMACR, GOLPH2, EPCA, sarcosine, and the combination of multiple biomarkers are widely discussed. In this article, we have reviewed their recent development and the prospective value of the combination of multiple biomarkers, which may be helpful for the early diagnosis and the prognostic monitoring of patients with PCa.
Antigens, Neoplasm ; metabolism ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Early Diagnosis ; Endoribonucleases ; metabolism ; Glutathione S-Transferase pi ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Membrane Proteins ; metabolism ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion ; metabolism ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; Racemases and Epimerases ; metabolism ; Sarcosine ; metabolism

A rapid, sensitive and convenient LC-MS/MS method was developed for the determination of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in human plasma. d2-γ-Aminobutyric acid (d2-GABA) was synthesized as internal standard (IS). After extraction from human plasma by protein precipitation with acetonitrile, all analytes were separated on a Luna HILIC column (100 mm x 3.0 mm, 3 μm) using an isocratic mobile phase of water: acetonitrile: formic acid (20 : 80 : 0.12) with a flow rate of 0.5 mL x min(-1). Acquisition of mass spectrometric data was performed in multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM) in positive electrospray ionization using the transitions of m/z 104 --> 69 for GABA and m/z 106 --> 71 for d2-GABA. The method was linear in the concentration range of 5.00 to 1 000 ng x mL(-1). The intra- and inter-day precisions were within 9.9%, and accuracy ranged from 99.1% to 104%, within the acceptable limit across all concentrations. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of GABA tablets in healthy Chinese volunteers.
Chromatography, Liquid ; Humans ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; blood

Objective To assess the long-term surgical outcomes,patient's satisfaction and functional results of correction for patients with penile curvature by 16-dot minimal tension plication.Methods Between August 2004 and December 2010,92 patients with penile curvature underwent surgical correction of penile curvature by 16-dot minimal tension plication.Of them,86 patients (53 patients with congenital penile curvature and 33 patients with Peyronie's disease (PD)) were reached for long-term follow-up.Indications for operation included patients with 30 to 90 degrees of penile curvature,penile length greater than 10 cm and patients who had one or more symptoms,such as difficulty or inability to vaginal penetration and partner discomfort during sexual intercourse.Patients were excluded from study if they had severe penile curvature (greater than 90 degrees),hourglass deformities or large plaques.Preoperative evaluation included international index of erectile function 5 (IIEF-5) questionnaire score,pain on erection and physical examination.Patients were recommended daily low dose phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitors 2 weeks after surgery and maintained for 2 to 3 months.At follow-up,recurrence rate,complications,erectile function,patients and partner's satisfaction with the surgery were assessed.Results The mean time of follow-up was 79 months (range,35-107 months).Of 86 patients who had been reached for long-term follow up,82 patients (95.3％) and 77 partners (89.5％) reported overall satisfaction after the surgery.Complete penile straightening was achieved in 79 patients (91.8％).Slight residual curvatures were observed in 7 patients,but did not affect their sexual intercourse.Postoperative penile length shortening (median penile length loss 1.3 cm) was noted in 35 patients (40.7％),which did not affect their sexual intercourse.In addition,no de novo erectile dysfunction was observed,and sexual function was significantly improved evidenced by the IIEF-5 scores,especially in the patients who had received PDE-5 inhibitors for 2 to 3 months.There were no surgery-related complications,such as hematoma,urethral injury,or infection.Conclusion The longterm results demonstrate that correction of penile curvature using 16-dot plication is a simple and safe method to achieve cosmetic and functional satisfaction in patients with mild to moderate penile curvature.