Animals ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; chemically induced ; physiopathology ; Monocrotaline ; adverse effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Thrombomodulin ; metabolism

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Troponin I ; metabolism

Background Hypertension,ischemia and hypoxia induce the increase of glutamate level in eye tissue and furthermore produce excitatory damage and apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs).At present,the study on the protection of traditional Chinese medicine on glutamate-induced retinal excitatory damage is lack.objective Present study was to explore the protective effects of Huoxue huayu decoction,a Chinese herbal recipe,on RGCs in acute ocular hypertension model. Methods Fony-five healthy clean Wistar rats were divided into three groups randomly.The acute ocular hypertension models were established in 40 Wistar rats by injecting the normal saline solution into the anterior chamber to elevate the intraocular pressure for 60 minutes.Huoxue huayu decoction of 4 ml was administered intragastrically once per day in 20 model rats.Other matched 5 normal Wistar rats served as normal control group.The rats were sacrificed on 1,3,7 and 14 days after modeling and the retinas were isolated for the histopathologieal and uhrastructure examination.Expression of glutamate transporter in the retina of acute ocular hypertension and normal rat retina were detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.The utilization of animals followed the Association for Research in vision and Ophthalmology. Results After acute ocular hypertension.the retina thickness attenuated and the numbers of RGCs decreased under the light microscope in 1,3,7 and 14 days after modeling in comparison with normal control rats.The degradation of the organelle and edema as well as changes of cell nuclei were seen in model rats under the transmission electron microscopy.The expression of glutamate transporter mRNA in model group and glutamate transporter group was rapidly elevated in the first day (P<0.05),descended at the third days(P<0.01)and returned to the normal level 7 days later(P>0.05).Conclusion Huoxue huayu decoction can protect the retina against RGCs damage in the acute ocular hypertension by elevating the expression of glutamate transporters in retina.

A growing body of evidence has indicated the important role of autophagy receptors in directing ubiquitinated or non-ubiquitinated cargos towards autophagy. Autophagy receptors bind to LC3 (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3) on phagophore and autophagosome membranes, and recognize signals on cargoes in the delivery system of autophagy. However, the diverse domains in the receptor structures determine that their roles would never be limited to autophagy. Up to date, increasing numbers of the receptor proteins have been demonstrated to serve as a molecular link or switch participating in autophagic degradation, apoptosis or cell survival signals. Here, we highlight the non-autophagic roles of these receptor proteins to draw attention to this growing research topic.
Apoptosis ; Autophagy ; Humans ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Ubiquitination

Objective To analyze the clinical features of pandrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (PDR-Ab) in a hospital and compare the efficacy of different antibiotic treatments on patients with pneumonia caused by PDR-Ab.Methods Data were ret- rospectively collected from all isolated PDR-Ab strains in our hospital from February 2004 to March 2005.The clinical features and outcomes were reviewed.Results A total of 77 strains of PDR-Ab were collected, 45 of which were pathogens causing clini- cal infections (35 strains from lower respiratory tract, 6 from bloodstream, 3 from drainage fluid, and 1 from wounds).Lower respiratory tract was the most common source of PDR-Ab.More than 90% of the isolated PDR-Ab strains produced OXA-23 type?-lactamase.Cefoperazone-sulbactam plus minocyeline showed good efficacy for patients with PDR-Ab pneumonia.The total clinical cure rate was 68.4%.Bacterial eradication rate was 42.1%.The factors influencing bacterial clearance were pro- longed mechanical ventilation prior to positive culture (17.5 d vs 5.5 d).mixed infection (100% vs 12.5%) and lower GCS score (9.1?0.7 vs 13.2?2.1).Concomitant septic shock (OR=13.8) and APACHEⅡscore (OR=2.1) were independent factors of clinical outcome.Conclusions Nosocomial infections caused by PDR-Ab are not untreatable.Our analysis suggests that cefoperazone-sulbactam plus minocycline may be an effective treatment for lower respiratory tract infections caused by PDR-Ab in our hospital.

Objective To evaluate the effect of continuous adenosine infusion on mesentery microcirculation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in rats with asphyxia. Methods Rat model of asphyxia was established in 22 healthy Wistar rats. The animals were then randomly divided into normal saline group (group A, n=10), epinephrine group (group B, n=6) and epinephrine plus adenosine group (group C, n=6). After a 3-min asphyxia without intervention, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was started. The cardiac compression was carried out with an electric cardio-pulmonary resuscitation machine (200 times/min). Respiration was restored and maintained with a ventilator with tidal volume of 4ml, breathing rate 50times/min and FiO2 100%. After a 4-min CPR, rats in group A and group B were given normal saline and epinephrine (bolus of 90?g/kg) respectively, and in group C epinephrine (bolus of 90?g/kg) plus 70?g/kg adenosine were given. Electric defibrillation would be initiated if there was ventricular fibrillation. The reperfusion rate of mesentery arterioles and venules, diameter of blood vessels and relative blood velocity were observed. Results The reperfusion rate of mesentery arterioles and venules was significantly higher in group C than in group B (P

1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; drug therapy ; Hypoxia ; pathology ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Rats ; rho-Associated Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors

Objective To study the expression of Rho kinase and its functional activation in lung tissue from hypoxic pulmonary hypertension(HPH) rat model,and the effects of fasudil on HPH.Methods Seventy-two male Spraque-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control group,hypoxic model group,and fasudil-intervention group[group with hypoxia and fasudil for 15 mg/(kg?d)],respectively.Mean pulmonary arterial pressure(mPAP) and right ventricle hypertrophy index(RVHI) were measured.Expression of Rho kinase mRNA and protein were examined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and Western blot,respectively.The phosphorylation of binding subunit of myosin phosphatase(MBS)-a substrate of Rho kinase was detected by Western blot and defined,as the mark of functional activation of the kinase.Results The expression of Rho kinase mRNA in hypoxic model group was markedly upregulated even before the onset of the third day after the experiment(HPH),and it was much lower in rats of fasudil group than that of hypoxic model group.The phosphorylation of MBS was significantly higher in hypoxic model group than that in control group,and it was positively correlated with the mPAP and RVHI(all P

Objective To detect the expression of tenascin-C(TN-C)and tenascin-X(TN-X)in the embryonic heart of rats,investigate their role during the heart development.Methods Sixty-four Spraque-Dawley female rats and 20 male rats were put into the same cage,when vaginal suppository was found,the femate was pregnant 0.5 day(ED 0.5),then executed the pregnant rats on ED 12.5,ED 15.5 and ED 19.5,got out the hearts.Semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)was used to detect the TN-C and TN-X mRNA expression in the rat hearts aged embryonic day 12.5(ED 12.5),ED 15.5 and ED 19.5.The protein expression of TN-C and TN-X in the embryonic hearts was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results TN-C mRNA was highly expressed in ED 12.5 embryonic hearts(0.683 7?0.043 1),the expression of TN-C mRNA of ED 15.5(0.454 3?0.038 8)and ED 19.5(0.250 5?0.038 4)embryonic hearts decreased,they were different from the expression of ED 12.5(Pa

Objective To investigate the effect of ligustrazine on the expression of platelet-derived growth factor-?(PDGF-?) receptor and extracellular signal regulated kinase(ERK1/2) induced by angiotensin Ⅱ(AngⅡ) in cardiac myocytes,and explore the mechanism of therapeutic.Methods Cultured cardiac myocytes of neonatal rats were treated with 10-7 mol/L AngⅡ as Ang Ⅱ group,10-7 mol/L AngⅡ plus 10 mg/L ligustrazine as ligustrazine group,the normally cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes as control group.Protein synthesis was measured by -leucine incorporation,and the expression of PDGF-? receptor and ERK1/2 was detected by Western blot.SPSS 11.0 software was used to analyze the data.Results There were significant differences among 3 groups(F=20.71 P