The stress resistance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae industrial strains for molasses to high-concentration ethanol,high temperature,high osmotic pressure,furfural toxicity,phenol toxicity,acetic acid toxicity and G418 toxicity were analyzed by the spot dilution growth assays in this paper. The results showed that the stress resistances among these industrial strains were obviously different. The strains AS2.1189 and AS2.1190 are more resistant to the tested stress factors than any others .The strain 396 is the most resistant to the acetic acid toxicity and G418 toxicity,and the strain 2610 is the most resistant to the high temperature.

BACKGROUND:Some studies have demonstrated that there is a clear correlation between osteocyte differentiation and leptin. Animal experiments have also confirmed that leptin indirectly inhibits the formation of osteoblasts through the central nervous system, but it also has some influences on the anabolism in bone microenvironment of osteoblasts. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the variation of serum leptin levels in older female patients with osteopenia, and the relationship between serum leptin levels, bone mineral density and related biochemical indexes of bone turnover. METHODS: The older female patients, aged≥ 60 years, who had lived in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for more than 30 years, were selected. Among these patients, 74 had osteoporosis, 111 had osteopenia, and 191 had normal bone mass. Serum leptin levels, bone alkaline phosphatase and other indicators of the patients were detected using enzyme-linked immunoassay method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the normal group, the body mass index value and leptin level were significantly lower in the osteoporosis group (P < 0.01) and in the osteopenia group (P < 0.05). The bone mineral densities of al parts of patients in the osteoporosis group were lower than those in the osteopenia and normal groups (P < 0.01), and the bone mineral density value of patients in the ostopenia group was significantly lower than that in the normal group (P < 0.01). The serum leptin levels of older female patients with osteoporosis were significantly positively correlated with the bone mineral density value of the anteroposterior lumbar spine and the left hip bone (r=0.870,r=0.468,P < 0.01). The serum leptin levels of older female patients with osteopenia were significantly positively correlated with the bone mineral density value of the anteroposterior lumbar spine and the left hip (r=0.477, r=0.467,P < 0.01). The serum leptin levels of older female patients with osteoporosis were significantly positively correlated with body mass index (r=0.502,P < 0.01). These results suggest that reduced levels of serum leptin may play an important role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and osteopenia in older female patients in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.

Objective:To improve stress analysis in stress-intensive regions of human periodontal tissue. Methods:Based on coarse analysis on the finite element(FE) model including human teeth and periodontal tissue, the submodel method was introduced to analyze the stresses in interested region such as apical. Results:Submodel analysis showed same stress distribution as FE model while more precision of stress value was obtained by submodel because refined mesh was used.Conclusion:More accurate stresses measurements in local regions can be obtained by submodel method.

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that there is a certain correlation between blood lipid levels and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women, but their correlation in men is an open question, which has been less reported. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the relationship between blood lipid levels and bone mineral density in Han and Uygur men with hypertension in Urumqi of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, as wel as correlation of blood lipid levels with osteoporosis and osteopenia and difference between ethnics. METHODS: A total of 193 male patients with hypertension were categorized into Uygur (n=73) and Han (n=120) groups. Each group was subdivided into osteoporosis or osteopenia group and non-osteoporosis group. Bone mineral density and blood lipid level were analyzed and compared between groups. The correlation between osteoporosis and risk factors was analyzed using logistic regression method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In Uygur hypertension men with osteoporosis or osteopenia, total cholesterol level was positively correlated with the bone mineral density of the femoral neck (r=0.43,P=0.01) and Ward's area (r=0.42, P=0.01); while there were no relationships between blood lipid levels and bone mineral density in Han hypertension men. When a Logistic regression analysis was performed, only total cholesterol level was found to be associated with the presence of osteoporosis or osteopenia after adjustment for body mass index, age and ethnics (OR=1.48,P=0.03). The blood lipid level is associated with bone mineral density in Han and Uygur men with hypertension from Urumqi of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, which can affect the presence of osteoporosis.

Thirty assistant general practitioners (GPs) of Jiading District Shanghai were trained for clinical skills and communication skills by using standardized patients (SP) in outpatient department from January to April 2014.The scores of clinical skills and communication skills were evaluated and compared before and two months after training.The results showed that the score of clinical skills [(72 ± 5) vs (56 ± 7), t=7.871, P＜0.05] and communication skills [(71 ±4) vs (45 ±5), t =9.573, P＜0.05] were significantly improved after training.After training, the scores of medical history taking [(36 ±5) vs (28 ± 6), t =4.352], clinical thinking [(17 ± 2) vs (14 ± 3), t =3.974], health education [(3 ± 1) vs (2 ± 1), t =3.090] and medical record v,riting [(13 ± 1) vs (8 ±2), t =5.317] were significantly higher than those before training (all P ＜ 0.05).But there was no difference in reception time management [(4 ± 0) vs (4 ± 0), t =1.025] before and after training (P ＞ 0.05).After training, the scores and the proportions of the trainees qualified for building physician-patient relationship [(20 ± 3) vs (15 ± 4), t =4.056],collecting information and providing feedback [(22 ±4) vs (13 ±3), t =4.682], understanding complaints from patients' perspective [(5 ± 2) vs (3 ± 2), t =3.107], sharing information and obtaining informed consent [(19 ± 4) vs (11 ± 5), t =4.322] and closing consultation [(6 ± 2) vs (3 ± 1), t =2.987] were higher than before training (all P ＜ 0.05).The results indicate that training by using SP can effectively improve the clinical skills and communication skills of assistant GPs.

Objective To study the kidney histological categories of isolated hematuria in children.Methods Twenty-three children with isolated hematuria were performed renal biopsy under real time ultrasound guidance utilizing menghini style negative pressure biopsy device after local anesthesia or general anesthesia.The renopuncture tissue was directly sent by the mail-boxes to the remote pathologic service.All of the biopsies were examined by light microscopy,electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry.Results Biopsies were classified as measangial proliferative glomerulonephritis(MsPGN)(8 cases),minimal change nephropathy(MCN)(5 cases),IgA nephropathy(IgAN)(4 cases),thin basement membrane nephropathy(TMN)(3 cases),Alport′s syndrome(AS)(1 case),focal segmental glomerulosclerosis(FSGS)(1 case)and IgM nephropathy(IgMN)(1 case).Conclusions In this series,MsPGN,MGA,IgAN are the most common biopsy diagnosis.TMN and Alport′s are account for some proportion.A few IgMN and FSGS may also present as isolated hematuria.

Objective To present a method to treat soft tissue defects with bone exposure after the distal tihial fracture.Methods Twenty-six patients who had suffered from the distal tibial fracture complications leading to exposure of the bone or fixation material sought medical help in our department.The internal fixation material was removed and radical revision of dead and infected tissue was carried out in all cases.Five of the 26 cases were treated using a free microvascular muscle flap and the mesh skin graft by one stage.Twenty-one of them were re- paired with the same method by two-stage.Results Follow-ups were 10 to 24 months.The microvascular re- construction was successful in 22 patients.Two of the 26 cases had partial necroses of the skin graft,and the other two cases had delayed wound healing.All the fractures united.Conclusion Microvascular free muscle flap re- construction of the leg is regarded as a reliable method to treat legs with massive soft-tissue defects or defects with bone exposure and chronic infection or fistulation at the distal leg.

Objective To report the clinical results of minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO) in treatment of type C fractures of distal femur.Methods A retrospective study was conducted to an- alyze 14 consecutive cases of distal femoral fractures who had been treated with MIPPO in our department from April 2002 to February 2005.According to AO/ASIF classification,there were three cases of type C1,six cases of type C2,and five cases of type C3.At first,the fractures of articular surface were directly reduced and fixed with spongy screws.Next,the condylar fractures were indirectly reduced and fixed with buttress or LISS (less invasive stabi- lization system) plates through transarticular approach.Results Follow-ups,ranging from 10 to 32 months for 12 cases,revealed that they all reached union.The time for their bony union was 10 weeks to 12 months (mean,4.6 months).Their functional recovery was evaluated according to criteria by Kolmert and Wulff.Four cases were rated as excellent,five as good,two as fair and one as poor.The total satisfactory rate was 75%.Conclusion MIPPO is a safe and effective procedure for the type C fractures of the distal femur with the benefits of limited invasion to soft tissues and a high rate of bone union.

Objective: To reconstruct adenovirus vector of breast eukaryotic initiation factor 4E and to observe its effect on the metastasis ability of breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Methods: eIF-4E gene was constructed into adenovirus vector pAD-X by gene recombination technique, which was transformed into 293 packaged cell for high titer adenovirus. Real-time PCR was applied to detect eIF-4E gene expression. eIF-4E siRNA was applied and then transwell cabin assay was used to observe changes of invasion and motor ability of MCF-7 cells transfected with reconstruction adenovirus. Result:The finding of digestion was coincided with expected. eIF-4E gene over-expression was detected in transfected MCF-7 cells with real-time PCR. And the invasion and motor abilities of transfected MCF-7 cells were more significantly inhibited in transwell cabin assay (respectively p

Objective To investigate the effects of small RNA interference targeting mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) expression on paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats.Methods Human embryonic kidney cells HEK-293 were culturedin vitro. The mTOR small interfering RNA (mTOR-siRNA) expression plasmid transfection lentivirus was constructed, and non-specific sequence plasmid with no homology to mTOR gene was set as the control. Seventy-two healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into normal saline (NS) control group, paraquatmodel group, mTOR unrelated sequence group, and mTOR-siRNA group, with 18 rats in each group. Paraquat poisoning animal model was reproduced by intraperitoneally injecting 20% paraquat solution 15 mg/kg, while the NS control group was intraperitoneally injected the same volumes of NS. Rats in the mTOR unrelated sequence group and mTOR-siRNA group were injected 1×109 TU/mL lentivirus solution 50μL into the airway, respectively, while in the NS control group and paraquat model group were injected the same volumes of NS. At 7, 14 and 28 days after treatment, 6 rats in each group were sacrificed respectively for lung tissue, the pathological changes and fibrosis of lung tissues were observed under light microscope. The levels of hydroxyproline (HYP) in lung tissues were determined by alkaline hydrolysis. The mRNA and protein expressions of mTOR in lung tissues were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western Blot.Results Under light microscope, there was no obvious pathological changes in the lung tissues in the NS control group, while in the paraquat model group and mTOR unrelated sequence group, lung tissue in rats were damaged, there were a lot of inflammatory cell infiltration, a large number of matrix collagen and fibrous tissues hyperplasia, and gradually increased with time, and it was consistent with paraquat-induced lung tissue fibrosis process. The pathological and fibrotic changes in lung tissue of mTOR-siRNA group were obviously reduced after silencing mTOR gene. The levels of HYP and the expression levels of mTOR mRNA and mTOR protein of lung tissues in the paraquat model group and mTOR unrelated sequence group were continuously increased in time-dependent manner, and they were significantly higher than those in the NS control group at all of the time points, but no significant difference was found between mTOR unrelated sequence group and paraquat model group. In mTOR-siRNA group, silencing mTOR gene could inhibit paraquat poisoning induced HYP increase in lung tissue, and the expressions increase in mTOR mRNAand mTOR protein, the values were close to the levels of NS control group, and the significant difference was found as compared with paraquat model group at 7 days or 14 days, and the change was maintained to 28 days [7 days: HYP (μg/mg) was 1.13±0.06 vs. 1.25±0.07; 14 days: HYP (μg/mg) was 1.19±0.09 vs. 1.29±0.12, mTOR mRNA (2-ΔΔCt) was 0.99±0.11 vs. 1.94±0.12, mTOR protein (gray value) was 0.39±0.08 vs. 0.75±0.09; 28 days: HYP (μg/mg) was 1.28±0.06 vs. 1.40±0.05, mTOR mRNA (2-ΔΔCt) was 1.15±0.13 vs. 2.85±0.15, mTOR protein (gray value) was 0.45±0.10 vs. 0.86±0.12, allP < 0.05].Conclusion Lentivirus-mediated mTOR-siRNA could effectively inhibit the expressions of mTOR in lung tissues of paraquat-poisoned rats, and reduce the damage and fibrosis of lung tissues caused by paraquat.