The purpose of this study was to investigate the association among food intake frequency, nutrient intake, anthropometric measurements, and serum lipids in 100 women and 85 men aged 40-74yrs residing in Jeonju City. Food intake frequency and nutrient intake were obtained from one-day dietary recalls. The results were as follows : The mean height, body weight and BMI were 161 cm, 62.5 kg, and 24 kg/m2 respectively. The mean of SBP and DBP were 118 mmHg, 77 mmHg respectively. The mean of TC and TG were 185.5 mg/dl, 153 mg/dl respectively. The mean daily energy and carbohydrate intake was 85. 7%, 91% of RDA for Koreans respectively and that protein intake was 118.5% of RDA. The TC levels of subjects less than 75%, 75-125%, more than 125% of RDA energy were 176 mg/dl, 192 mg/dl, 185 mg/dl respectively(p<0.01). The TC levels less than 75%, 75-125%, more than 125% of RDA protein were 180 mg/dl, 190 mg/dl, 175 mg/dl respectively(p<0.05). TC levels less than 75%, 75-125%, more than 125% of RDA fat were 181 mg/dl, 193 mg/dl, 194 mg/dl respectively(p<0.05). Of the subjects, 18% ate mushrooms. The BMI of the mushroom eaten was 24 and that of non-mushroom eaten was 25(p<0.05). Of the subjects, 28% consumed milk and milk produce. The mean level of TC and TG in milk and milk products eaters were 181 mg/dl, 131 mg/dl and that of non milk and milk products eaters were 197 mg/dl, 159 mg/dl(p<0.001, p<0.05). Of the subjects, 58% ate fish. The HDL-C of the fish eaten was 50 mg/dl and that of non-fishes eaten was 45 mg/dl(p<0.05).
Adult* ; Agaricales ; Body Height ; Body Mass Index ; Eating* ; Female ; Humans ; Jeollabuk-do ; Male ; Milk

We studied the effects of soy isoflavone supplements on bone metabolism marker (serum osteocalcin, urinary deoxypyridinoline) and urinary mineral excretion (urinary Ca, Mg, Zn) in 47 postmenopausal women. There were 24 participants in the treatment group and 23 in the control group. The treatment group consumed isoflavone extract capsules daily (which contained 90 mg of soy isoflavones) for 12 weeks. The study compared before and after isoflavone intake in the following areas: Physical examination, diet survey, bone metabolism marker and urinary mineral excretion. The average age of the treatment group was 64.6 years and that of the control group was 66.5 years. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of height, weight and body mass index. Both groups maintained a regular diet pattern in terms of their average daily nutrient intake. There were no significant differences between the treatment group (23.9 mg) and the control group (25.4 mg) in terms of daily isoflavone intake based on diet. The analysis of bone metabolism marker changes in the treatment group after 12 weeks of taking the isoflavone supplements demonstrated significant differences in the following: Serum osteocalcin (13.7 ng/mL in befor versus 6.8 ng/mL in after) and urinary deoxypyridinoline (5.9 nmol/mmol Cr in befor versus 4.5 nmol/mmol Cr in after). The subjects in the treatment group showed no significant difference in urinary Ca excretion. But the subjects showed a significant difference in urinary Mg (131.9 mg/day in befor versus 115.6 mg/day in after) and Zn (400.5 microgram/day in befor versus 310.2 microgram/day in after) excretion in the isoflavone treatment group at the levels of p<0.001, p<0.01, respectively. No changes were made in the intake of minerals. The composition of serum osteocalcin and urinary deoxypyridinoline, and indicators of bone metabolism, including the excretion Mg and Zn, significantly decreased. As a result, bone mineral loss was lessened.
Body Mass Index ; Capsules ; Diet ; Diet Surveys ; Female ; Humans ; Metabolism* ; Minerals ; Osteocalcin ; Physical Examination

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between obesity and, erythrocyte SOD ( superoxide dis-mutase) activity and serum antioxidant mineral ( Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn and Se) concentrations of adolescents. Subjects were assigned to one of two groups such as obese ( BMI > or =25, 32 boys, 24 girls) and normal group ( 18.5 < BMI < 23, 27 boys, 30 girls) . Subjects were evaluated based on anthropometric measurements, 24-hr dietary recalls and blood analysis. The mean age of the total subjects was 13.8 years. The mean weight ( p < 0.001) , BMI ( p < 0.001) and body fat ( p < 0.001) of obese were higher than those of normal group. There was no significant difference in nutrient intake between obese and normal groups. SOD activity of obese group was not significantly different from normal groups, in both males and females. However, in the males, serum Cu concentration of obese were significantly lower than those of normal group. In the females, Serum Mn concentration of obese were significantly lower then those of normal group. In the correlation analysis, BMI of the subjects had significantly negative correlations with serum Cu, Zn and Mn. To su-mmarize the results, increase of obesity may lead to decrease of serum antioxidant minerals such as Cu, Zn and Mn.
Adipose Tissue ; Adolescent* ; Erythrocytes ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Minerals ; Obesity ; Superoxides

To elucidate the relationship among the levels of nutrients intake, bone mineral density (BMD) and the urinary biochemical markers of bone metabolism, this survey is conducted with 225 postmenopausal women over 50 years of age. The urinary biochemical markers including deoxypyridinoline (DPD) and Ca excretion were measured. Bone mineral densities of lumbar spine (L2-L4), femoral neck, ward's triangle and trochanter were measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and the nutrient intake data obtained by 24 hr recall method. Mean age of all subjects was 64.8 years old, and the BMDs of the subjects were 0.86 g/cm2 (lumbar spine), 0.60 g/cm2 (femoral neck), 0.49 g/cm2 (trochanter), and 0.41 g/cm2 (ward's triangle). The results were compared among 3 groups with different nutrient intake levels classified by the percentage of Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for Koreans as follows: low < 75% DRIs, 75% DRI < or = adequate < 125% DRIs, high > or = 125% DRIs. Bone mineral density of adequate protein intake group was significantly higher than those of low and high protein intake groups (p < 0.05). Urinary DPD excretion was lowest in protein and calcium adequate intake groups (p < 0.05, p < 0.05), respectively. In relation to urinary Ca excretion, it is revealed to be considerably lower in the groups taking protein and vitamin C adequate intake (p < 0.05, p < 0.05). The percent DRI of protein and calcium were positively correlated with the BMD of the femoral neck after adjusted age (p < 0.05, p < 0.05). These results showed that there are probably some relationships between nutrient intake levels and urinary biochemical markers. For postmenopausal women with adequate nutrition expecially protein, calcium and vitamin C, has an important role to postpone bone resorption and to prevent the decrease of bone density.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Ascorbic Acid ; Biomarkers ; Bone Density* ; Bone Resorption ; Calcium ; Female ; Femur ; Femur Neck ; Humans ; Metabolism ; Recommended Dietary Allowances ; Spine

To delineate the relationship between the nutrient intake from diet and the serum biochemical markers of bone metabolism, 56 postmenopausal women of 50 to 77 years of age were recruited. The biochemical markers including osteocalcin, calcium, phosphorus, estradiol and free testosterone were measured in fasting blood. Bone mineral density(BMD) was measured also by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and the nutrient intake of earth individual subject was estimated by 24-hour recall of 3 days. The age of the subjects was 64.8 +/- 7.7 years, and the BMDs of the subject were 0.86 +/- 0.26g/cm2(Lumbar spine), 0.60 +/- 0.10g/cm2 (Femoral neck), 0.49 +/- 0.10g/cm2(Trochanter), and 0.41 +/- 0.14g/cm2(Ward's triangle). There were no significant differences among age and nutrient intake level groups due to the small sample size. The biochemical markers showed certain degree of relationship with nutrient intake levels. The results were compared among 3 groups with different nutrient intake level classified by the percentage of Recommended Daily Allowances(RDA) for Koreans as follows low < 75% RDA, 75% RDA < or = adequate< 125% RDA, high > or = 125% RDA. The low energy and low riboflavin groups showed significantly higher serum osteocalcin levels than those of the high intake groups(p<0.05). On the other hand, there was a trend for serum Ca level to be higher with high nutrient intake. In this case, protein and thiamin were the only nutrients that reached a statistical significance(p<0.05). And the groups with low intake for protein and Ca showed significantly lower serum free testosterone levels than that of other intake groups(p<0.05). This study suggests an important role of nutrient intake levels on blood biochemical markers of bone metabolism.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Biomarkers* ; Calcium ; Diet ; Estradiol ; Fasting ; Female ; Hand ; Humans ; Metabolism* ; Osteocalcin ; Phosphorus ; Postmenopause ; Riboflavin ; Sample Size ; Testosterone

Hyponatremia, the most common electrolyte disorder, has been rarely reported as causing rhabdomyolysis. Osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS), a demyelinating disease of the central pons and/or other areas of the brain, is infrequently reported as associated with rapid correction of hyponatremia. This paper reports a case of ODS after correction of severe hyponatremia complicated by rhabdomyolysis. A 47-year-old female with a history of chronic alcoholism presented herself at the hospital with altered consciousness after three days of nausea and vomiting. She was on a thiazide diuretic for essential hypertension. Her blood tests upon her hospital admission showed hyponatremia (Na+ 98 mEq/L), hypokalemia (K+ 3.0 mEq/L), and elevation of her serum creatine phosphokinase (3,370 IU/L) with an increase in her serum myoglobin level 11,267 ng/mL). She was treated with intravenous fluid therapy that included isotonic and hypertonic salines along with potassium chloride. She became more alert, and her neurological condition gradually improved after the first five days of her therapy. On the ninth day after her admission, she developed progressive quadiaresis associated with dysarthria, dysphagia, and dystonia despite the resolution of her hyponatremia. Magnetic resonance imaging of her brain on 16th day revealed symmetrical areas of signal hyperintensity in her central pons, basal ganglia, and precentral gyrus in T2-weighted images, which are consistent with ODS. Her neurological symptoms steadily improved after six weeks with only supportive treatment and rehabilitation.
Alcoholism ; Basal Ganglia ; Brain ; Consciousness ; Creatine Kinase ; Deglutition Disorders ; Demyelinating Diseases ; Dysarthria ; Dystonia ; Female ; Fluid Therapy ; Hematologic Tests ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypokalemia ; Hyponatremia ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Myoglobin ; Nausea ; Pons ; Potassium Chloride ; Rhabdomyolysis ; Vomiting

This study assessed the effects of soy isoflavones supplementation with exercise on urinary mineral (calcium, magnesium, copper, zinc) excretion as an index of bone resorption rates in 67 postmenopausal women. A total subjects were assigned to Isoflavone (90 mg/day) or placebo groups. These groups were further divided into groups that undergone a regular exercise or a rather sedentary state performing daily activity only. We conducted study eight week period. Result showed urinary zinc excretion was more significantly decreased in the isoflavone-sedentary group (-180.76 +/- 171.30 ug/day) than in the placebo-sedentary group (-31.23 +/- 146.60 ug/day), placebo-exercise group (40.93 +/- 193.44 ug/day) and isoflavione-exercise group (-1.21 +/- 160.61 ug/day) (p < 0.05), but no significant changes in the differences between the values of the pre and post study values in urinary calcium, magnesium and copper excretion. These results suggest that Isoflavone supplementation decrease urinary zinc excretion rate in postmenopausal subjects.
Bone Resorption ; Calcium ; Copper ; Female ; Humans ; Isoflavones ; Magnesium ; Zinc

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify parental coping strategies in the face of early infant and toddler injury, and to provide basic data for a parental education program and the most desirable directions it should take. METHODS: A Q-methodology to analyze the subjectivity of each item was used. Thirty-four Q-statements were derived from a literature review and interviews. Forty-seven parents were classified into a shape of normal distribution using a 9-point scale. Collected data were analyzed by the pc-QUANL program. RESULTS: Five types of parental coping in early infant and toddler injury were identified. Type I was “hospital treatment focused”, type II was “Improving the safety of the child's environment”, type III was “expression of negative emotion”, type IV was “taking the lead in problem solving”, and type V was “Interrogating the person in charge of the situation in which the injury occurred”. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that different approaches to educational programs can be used for parents in early childhood injury.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Child ; Education ; Humans ; Infant* ; Parents* ; Wounds and Injuries

Intake of soy protein the fisk factors associated with cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women. This study was designed to effects of isoflavone supplementation on serum lipids in 16 hyperlipidemic postmenopausal women . For this purpose, an intervention study was conducted for 12 weeks. Subjects were healthy, free-living women consuming habitual diets with 0.3g/d of isoflavone. Food and nutrient intake was obtained by 24-hr recall method and anthropometric measurement were made. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total serum cholesterol. HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were determined before and after the isoflavone supplementation. The results were summarized as follows. The average age, hight, weight and BMI of the subject were 65.3 years, 151.4 cm, 62.2 kg and 27.1, respectively. The systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were not reduced significantly with isoflavone supplementation. Total cholesterol (p<0.001), HDL-C(p<0.05), and LDL-C(p<0.01) were significantly increased after isoflavone concentration. In conclusion, isoflavone supplementation was not effective to modify risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Clinical Trial ; Risk Factors ; Soybean Proteins

To elucidate the effect of soy isoflavone supplementation on bone mineral density and antioxidant enzyme activity in 60 postmenopausal women residing in Iksan area were recruited. There were 31 participants in the treatment group and 29 in the control group. The treatment group consumed isoflavone extract capsules daily (which contained 90 mg of soy isoflavones) for 12 weeks. The study compared before and after isoflavone intake in the following areas: Physical examination, diet survey, bone mineral density (BMD) and antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant capacity (TA)). The average age of the treatment group was 64.6 years and that of the control group was 66.5 years. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of height, weight and body mass index. Both groups maintained a regular diet pattern in terms of their average daily nutrient intake. There were no significant differences between the treatment group (23.3 mg) and the control group (24.0 mg) in terms of daily isoflavone intake based on diet. Isoflavone supplementation of 12 weeks did not resulted in any significant changes in BMD or parameters of antioxidant enzyme activity, implying the necessity of more intensive intervention for a substantial change. In conclusion, this study revealed that antioxidant enzyme activity holds a significant relationship with the bone mineral density in postmenopausal women and further systematic research on dose and period of isoflavone supplementation is needed to clearify the positive effect of isoflavone on BMD and/or blood antioxidant capacity in postmenopausal women.
Body Mass Index ; Bone Density* ; Capsules ; Catalase ; Diet ; Diet Surveys ; Female ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; Humans ; Jeollabuk-do ; Physical Examination