AIMTo isolate and identify a glucuronide metabolite of SFZ-47 [3H-1,2-dihydro-2-(4-methyl-phenylamino)methyl-1-pyrrolizinone], which is difficult to synthesize because it undergoes hydrolysis and intramolecular acyl migration at physiological pH, in rabbit urine.

METHODSTwo rabbits were ig 200 mg doses of SFZ-47. Urine was collected for 24 h, adjusted to pH 4.0 with acetic acid and lyophilized. The residues were reconstituted in 25 mL methanol and centrifuged at 5,000 r.min-1 for 10 min. The supernatant was filtered (0.45 micron) and then isolated with semi-preparative reversed phase HPLC. The eluent collected from individual peaks was evaporated by rotary evaporation and freeze-drying. Compounds were then identified with electrospray ion trap mass spectrometry and 1HNMR spectroscopy.

RESULTSThe 1HNMR and ESI-MSn results indicate that the metabolite is the 1-O-acyl beta-D-glucuronide conjugate of 4-(3H-1,2-dihydro-1-pyrrolizinone-2-methylamino) benzoic acid.

CONCLUSIONThis method was shown to be rapid and simple and gave excellent resolution from endogenous constituents in urine, and it is suitable for preparation of the glucuronide metabolites of SFZ-47 and its analogues.

Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; metabolism ; urine ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Male ; Molecular Structure ; Pyrroles ; chemistry ; metabolism ; urine ; Rabbits ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

Adenocarcinoma ; diagnosis ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Carcinosarcoma ; diagnosis ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prostate ; pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Stromal Cells ; pathology ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the clinical diagnosis,treatment and prevention of fallopian tube prolapse(FTP)after hysterectomy.Methods A total of 7949 patients received hysterectomy from 1983 to Aug 2005 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital,including 6229 cases of trans-abdominal hysterectomy(TAH),780 cases of transvaginal hysterectomy(TVH),and 940 cases of laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy(LAVH).Nine cases(including 1 case from other hospital)of FTP after hysterectomy were analyzed retrospectively for their symptoms,diagnosis and treatment.All of them were diagnosed according to the results of histology and follow-up.Results The overall incidence of FTP after hysterectomy was 0.11%(9/7949).Incidence of FTP after trans-abdominal hysterectomy was 0.08% (5/6229),after vaginal hysterectomy 0.51%(4/780),and after laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy 0(0/940).There were no symptoms in 3 cases,but the other 6 cases had symptoms.The pelvic examination revealed the typical prolapsed fimbrial end of a fallopian tube in 3 cases and red granulation tissue in the other 6 cases.All of them were excised vaginally and cauterized.The results were confirmed by histological examination.No recurrent cases were reported in follow up.Conclusions FTP is a rare complication after hysterectomy.The prognosis is well after proper diagnosis and treatment.Salpingectomy or fixation of accessories into the pelvic wall and complete peritonealisation at the time of hysterectomy are important methods to prevent FTP after hysterectomy.

Objective To establish the chick embryo chorioallantioc membrane(CAM)as a model for in vivo research on endometriosis.The model was used to investigate the mechanism of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)antibody for treatment of endometriosis.Methods Human endometrial fragments were explanted onto the CAM.Then anti-VEGF antibody was used for the endometriosis-like lesions after transplantation of human endometrial fragments.The CAM models were treated respectively as control groups and experimental groups.The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotin- deoxyuridine triphosphate(dUTP)nick end labeling(TUNEL),proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) and microvessel density(MVD)were used in vivo for analysis of anti-angiogenesis.Results The apoptosis intensity of anti-VEGF antibody treated groups(6.7?0,9,6.9?0.8)was significantly higher than that of the control groups(5.0?0.9,5.4?1.1;P

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of exogenous carbon monoxide-releasing molecules 2 (CORM-2) on the vitality and toxicity of E. coli ATCC 25922, and to analyze the potential mechanism.

METHODS(1) In vitro experiments. Standard strains of E. coli ATCC 25922 were divided into groups A (without addition), B, C, D, and E according to the random number table, and then the latter 4 groups were respectively cultured with 1.2 mmol/L CORM-2, 1.6 mmol/L CORM-2, 1.2 mmol/L inactive CORM-2 (iCORM-2), 1.6 mmol/L iCORM-2, with six samples in each group. After being cultured for 0, 3, 5, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 24, 27, 30, 48 hours, proliferative vitality of E. coli was examined (denoted as absorption value under 600 nm wavelength), and bacteria number was counted. Other standard strains of E. coli ATCC 25922 were divided into groups F (without addition) and G (cultured with 0.8 mmol/L CORM-2), the expressions of genes fliA, dnaK, marA, and waaQ related to E. coli were detected by quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR. (2) In vivo experiments. Other standard strains of E. coli ATCC 25922 were grouped as A', B', C', D', and E' and treated with the same method as that in groups A, B, C, D, and E, and 0.5 mL bacterial liquid of each group were collected when the absorption value of bacterial liquid in group A' was equal to 0.4 (under 600 nm wavelength). Seventy-two C57BL/6 mice were divided into groups, namely blank control (without treatment), H, I, J, K, and L according to the random number table, with 12 mice in each group. The mice in the latter 5 groups were intraperitoneally injected with 0.5 mL bacterial suspension of groups A', B', C', D', and E' respectively. After injection, general condition of mice in groups H, I, J, K, and L was observed. The serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were determined at post injection hour (PIH) 6, 12. The liver and lung samples were harvested for determination of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity at PIH 12. The same process was carried out in blank control group. Data were processed with repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA), factorial design ANOVA, one-way ANOVA, and t test.

RESULTS(1) In vitro experiments. Compared with those of groups A and D, the proliferative vitality and bacteria number of E. coli in group B were all decreased (with F values respectively 1170.80, 217.52, P values all below 0.01). Compared with those of groups A and E, the proliferative vitality and bacteria number of E. coli in group C were also obviously decreased (with F values respectively 7948.34, 14 432.85, P values all below 0.01). Compared with those in group F, the expression of fliA was downregulated, while the expressions of dnaK, marA, and waaQ were upregulated in group G (with t values 30.28, -165.54, -168.88, -187.28, P values all below 0.01). (2) In vivo experiments. Symptoms including listlessness and tachypnea were observed in mice in groups H, K, and L, and they were ameliorated or not obvious in groups I and J. At PIH 6, the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in groups H and K were respectively (647.3 ± 3.8) pg/mL, (3.44 ± 0.22) ng/mL and (639.3 ± 0.8) pg/mL, (2.47 ± 0.32) ng/mL, which were obviously higher than those in group I [(124.6 ± 10.7) pg/mL, (1.03 ± 0.16) ng/mL, with t values from 15.22 to 84.03, P values all below 0.01]. The serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in group J at PIH 6, 12 were also obviously decreased as compared with those in groups H and L (with t values from 19.27 to 245.34, P values all below 0.01). MPO activity of liver and lung tissues were significantly attenuated in group I at PIH 12 as compared with those in groups H and K, and it was also attenuated in group J when compared with those in groups H and L (with t values respectively from 17.36 to 18.92 and 2.35 to 3.61, P values all below 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSCORM-2 can obviously inhibit the vitality and toxicity of E. coli, which might be attributable to regulation of expressions of genes fliA, dnaK, marA, and waaQ of E. coli.

Animals ; Carbon Monoxide ; metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; Escherichia coli ; drug effects ; metabolism ; physiology ; Escherichia coli Proteins ; metabolism ; Glycosyltransferases ; metabolism ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; metabolism ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Liver ; enzymology ; Lung ; enzymology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Organometallic Compounds ; pharmacology ; Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Sigma Factor ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

Objective To study the clinical value of serum cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1) as a biomarker in evaluating its prognosis,monitoring and follow-up of the postoperative patients with non- small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods Serum CYFRA21-1 was determined by radioimmunoassay for 207 patients with NSCLC before and after surgical operation at Tongji Hospital,Shanghai.Relationship between serum CYFRA21-1 and the prognosis,recurrence and metastasis of lung cancer was analyzed retrospectively.Results The patients were followed-up for 37 months in average.Preoperative serum CYFRA21-1 was positive in 42.0% (87/207) of all the cases,48.8% (60/123) of squamous cell earcinama and 34.6% (27/78) of adenocarcinoma,with statistical significance (X~2=3.901,P

OBJECTIVETo explore a method of extracting tumor interstitial fluid (TIF) which is similar to muddy phlegm in Chinese medicine (CM), interleukin-8 (IL-8) in concentration was taken as the representative of the content of TIF, analyzed in the extracted TIF and the original tumor tissue, and examined to see whether TIF has an interfering effect on tumor recurrence.

METHODSTumor tissue was ground, centrifuged, and filtered for intercellular substances. Tumor-bearing Kunming S180 mice were raised for 21 days and then the tumors were removed to observe the influence of intervention with TIF, normal saline (NS) and a blank control on tumor recurrence.

RESULTSThe content of IL-8 in the filtered and unfiltered tumor tissue was not significantly different (P>0.05). Postoperative tumor recurrence in TIF intervention group was significantly higher than that in the NS intervention and control groups (60%, 12/20 vs. 20%, 4/20. vs. 15%, 3/20, χ(2) =11.058, P<0.01). Tumor cells grew vigorously and infiltrated to muscular tissue in TIF intervention group. Large numbers of tumor cells were seen necrotic in the NS intervention group, and small numbers of tumor cells were seen necrotic in the blank control group.

CONCLUSIONSTIF can be effectively extracted by the means described. It does not contain tumor cells, but its contents such as IL-8 may stimulate tumor cell growth and promote postoperative tumor recurrence, which provided preliminary experimental basis for hypothesis of "tumor-phlegm microenvironment".

Animals ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Extracellular Fluid ; Interleukin-8 ; analysis ; Mice ; Neoplasms, Experimental ; pathology ; Postoperative Period ; Recurrence

OBJECTIVESThe investigation of the testicular volume, the penis length and the T, FSH, LH, PRL levels in serum were taken in 289 adolescent males to provide the valuable data for andrology.

METHODSThe adolescent males were grouped according to their age. The testicular volume was measured with testicular model and the T, FSH, LH, PRL levels in serum were determined by immunoenzymetric assay.

RESULTSThe male sexual development was rapid from age 11 to 16 and close to that of adult at age 18. Serum PRL of adolescent males was higher than that of adult males.

CONCLUSIONSThe age 11 to 16 is a period of rapid growth in sexual maturation. PRL may play an important role in sexual maturation.

Adolescent ; Body Height ; Body Weight ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones ; blood ; Humans ; Male ; Penis ; physiology ; Testis ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo explore the influence of Free-skin-grafted penoscrotal avulsion injuries on spermatogenesis.

METHODSForty-two male New Zealand albino rabbits during child-bearing period were divided into the experimental group (n = 24) and the control group (n = 18) using random digits table, and 24 female rabbits with reproductive history were used for mating experiment. The experimental group animal's scrotum skin were excised, and the split skin from abdominal region was used to repair the skin defect of scrotum. The control group did not any processing. Six rabbits were randomly chosen respectively in control group and on the 3rd and 8th weekend after the model was successfully established in experimental group. The testicular surface temperature was measured in the eighteen rabbits using the method of burying thermometer, then the testicular biopsy were performed for hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. On the 8(th) weekend after the model was successfully established in experimental group, matched-pair feed was performed in the other 12 rabbits respectively in experimental group and in control group. Observation of corresponding mother rabbit fertility. Three patients of penoscrotal avulsion injuries were treated using split skin grafts, and the information of sex life and the quality of sperm were obtained by follow up.

RESULTSThe testicular surface temperature was similar on the 3rd and 8th weekend after the model was successfully established in experimental group [(36.15 ± 0.24)°C, (36.77 ± 0.42)°C] with that of the control group. Testis tissue (HE) staining showed the tier of spermatogenic cells was rule arrangement and lot of mature sperms were found in the convoluted seminiferous tubules in control group. The tier of spermatogenic cells was diminished and disposed derangement, the spermatozoa were not seen on the 3(th) weekend of the experiment group. The tier of spermatogenic cells was increased and some spermatozoa were seen on the 8th weekend of the experiment group. Male and female matched-pair feed showed the experimental group conception rate 8/12, and 4.1 ± 3.2 rabbit babies were born averagely, while that of was 12/12 and 6.0 ± 1.3 in control group (P > 0.05). The skin grafts there were some contracture in early stage (1 - 2 months) when the skin grafts applied to repair the avulsing scrotum in three patients. But the skin grafts became loose with downward sagging and there were the good cosmetic result in one year, and without any contracture. The sperm quality was normal after the skin grafts applied to repair the avulsing scrotum in the late stage.

CONCLUSIONSThe skin grafting is little arrest the testicle spermatogenesis in the three methods (skin flap reconstruction scrotum, testicle buried, split skin grafting) that have usually been used to repair scrotum skin lose. For a young male, the best treatment for penoscrotal avulsion injuries is free skin grafting, while skin flaps are not recommended for reconstructing the scrotum.

Adult ; Animals ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Rabbits ; Scrotum ; injuries ; surgery ; Skin Transplantation ; methods ; Spermatogenesis ; Surgical Flaps

The aqueous phase oxidation of gaseous elemental mercury (Hg(0)) by potassium persulfate (KPS) catalyzed by Ag(+) was investigated using a glass bubble column reactor. Concentration of gaseous mercury and potassium persulfate were measured by cold vapor atom absorption (CVAA) and ion chromatograph (IC), respectively. The effects of pH value, concentration of potassium persulfate and silver nitrate (SN), temperature, Hg(0) concentration in the reactor inlet and tertiary butanol (TBA), free radical scavenger, on the removal efficiency of Hg(0) were studied. The results showed that the removal efficiency of Hg(0) increased with increasing concentration of potassium persulfate and silver nitrate, while temperature and TBA were negatively effective. Furthermore, the removal efficiency of Hg(0) was much better in neutral solution than in both acidic and alkaline solution. But the influence of pH was almost eliminated by adding AgNO(3). High Hg(0) concentration has positive effect. The possible reaction mechanism of gaseous mercury was also discussed.