Purpose: : This study aimed to identify the factors influencing physical restraint-related practice among nurses working in the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: : The participants consisted of 169 ICU nurses in three general hospitals in B and U cities. Data were collected from December 2021 to January 2022 through a structured selfadministered questionnaire. Demographic characteristics, physical restraint-related practice, Person-centered Critical Care Nursing (PCCN), work environment, and attitudes toward physical restraint use were measured. For data analyses, hierarchical multiple regressions were conducted using SPSS/WIN 25.0. Results: : Clinical careers in the ICU, better work environments, higher PCCN levels, and more positive attitudes toward physical restraint use were associated with a better practice of physical restraints, which together explained 35.5% of the total variance of the outcome. Conclusion : Our findings suggest that to promote a safe physical restraintrelated practice among ICU nurses, it is important to improve the nursing environment, prepare guidelines for applying PCCN, and provide education for endorsing positive attitudes toward the use of physical restraints.

In pre-surgical evaluation of pediatric epilepsy, the combined use of multiple imaging modalities for precise localization of the epileptogenic focus is a worthwhile endeavor. Advanced neuroimaging by high field Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion tensor images, and MR spectroscopy have the potential to identify subtle lesions. 18F-FDG positron emission tomography and single photon emission tomography provide visualization of metabolic alterations of the brain in the ictal and interictal states. These techniques may have localizing value for patients which exhibit normal MRI scans. Functional MRI is helpful for non-invasively identifying areas of eloquent cortex. These advances are improving our ability to noninvasively detect epileptogenic foci which have gone undetected in the past and whose accurate localization is crucial for a favorable outcome following surgical resection.
Brain ; Diffusion ; Epilepsy ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Neuroimaging ; Positron-Emission Tomography

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to examine the reciprocal causal relationship between social activities and health with reference to the cognitive function level among community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: We conducted a longitudinal data analysis using the 4(th) (Time 1) and 5(th) (Time 2) waves from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing adopting cross-lagged panel analysis (CLPA). RESULTS: A total of 3,473 community-dwelling older adults were included in the analysis: 2,053 in the normal cognitive function group, 912 in the mild cognitive impairment group, and 508 in the moderate to severe cognitive impairment group. The CLPA revealed that higher levels of social activities at Time 1 significantly influenced better subjective health perception at Time 2 in all three groups. In addition, better subjective health perception at Time 1 significantly influenced higher levels of social activities at time 2 only in the normal cognitive function group. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that participating in social activities has positive effects on health regardless of the cognitive function level in community-dwelling older adults. This finding suggests that there is a need to develop strategies that can be used to encourage older adults with cognitive decline to maintain participation in social activities.
Adult* ; Cognition Disorders ; Cognition* ; Diagnostic Self Evaluation ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Mild Cognitive Impairment ; Social Participation ; Statistics as Topic

BACKGROUND: The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE) are variable; images range from having a normal appearance, to showing ischemic lesions, demyelination, or vasogenic edema. CASE REPORT: A 57-year-old woman presented with a sudden onset of dysarthria and dizziness. Routine blood tests were normal and the MRI was unremarkable. After admission, she developed aphasic seizures and myoclonus, and eventually became comatose. A follow up MRI showed diffuse high signal intensities at the bilateral cerebral white matter on fluid attenuated inversion recovery imaging. The serum titers of the anti-thyroglobulin antibody and anti-thyroperoxidase antibody were increased. After 5 days of 1,000 mg/day of intravenous methylprednisolone infusion, she recovered rapidly. CONCLUSION: We propose that repeated brain MRIs are necessary for the diagnosis of HE. Diffuse leukoencephalopathy may be a pathologic finding on MRI and, in this case study, was shown to be reversible after applying an appropriate treatment.
Brain ; Brain Diseases ; Coma ; Demyelinating Diseases ; Diagnosis ; Dizziness ; Dysarthria ; Edema ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hashimoto Disease ; Hematologic Tests ; Humans ; Leukoencephalopathies ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Methylprednisolone ; Middle Aged ; Myoclonus ; Seizures ; White Matter

BACKGROUND: Herpes zoster of the head and neck commonly presents with Ramsay Hunt syndrome. However, vesicular eruptions may occur on the pharyngeal or laryngeal area with multiple lower cranial-nerve (CN) palsy. CASE REPORT: We report on the case of a 54-year-old man with herpes zoster of the pharynx and larynx with multiple CN palsy and persistent hiccups. He initially developed progressive dysphagia, hoarseness, and persistent hiccups (CN IX and X). After admission, Dizziness, hearing impairment, and peripheral facial palsy (CN VII and VIII) were complicated. The results of a polymerase chain reaction test of saliva and vesicular fluid from the ear and throat were strongly positive for varicella zoster virus. The progression of CN palsy was in an ascending sequence. CONCLUSION: We suggest that the sequence of CN palsy may be either ascending or descending, depending on the initial site of involvement.
Cranial Nerve Diseases ; Cranial Nerves ; Deglutition Disorders ; Dizziness ; Ear ; Facial Paralysis ; Head ; Hearing Loss ; Herpes Zoster Oticus ; Herpes Zoster ; Herpesvirus 3, Human ; Hiccup ; Hoarseness ; Humans ; Laryngitis ; Larynx ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; Paralysis ; Pharynx ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Saliva

Paraquat is a fatal, rapid-acting, nonselective herbicide. Despite the restriction of production and sales of the herbicide in Korea since 2012, already purchased paraquat can incur poisoning. This article describes a 25-month-old boy who accidentally ingested old paraquat on a rural road. After initial decontamination at 2 outside hospitals, he was transferred to the intensive care unit. Given the urine drug concentration of 20,000 ng/mL 2 hours after the intoxication, he received charcoal hemoperfusion and continuous venovenous hemofiltration to enhance the excretion of the herbicide. In 36 hours after intoxication, it was not detected in the urine. The boy was discharged uneventfully on day 8. This case highlights the importance of hemoperfusion in paraquat poisoning.

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of quality of life and interpersonal relationship satisfaction on academic achievement among dental hygiene students. Methods: A survey was conducted on 210 dental hygiene students from Chungcheong, Jeolla, and Gyeongsang. Results: The factors affecting the academic achievement of dental hygiene students were interpersonal relationship satisfaction (β=0.489), quality of life (β=0.243), and grade_dum3 (<2.5/≥3.5; β=0.206). The most significant factor was interpersonal satisfaction, with an explanatory power of 37%. Conclusions As a result of the above, it was found that quality of life and interpersonal satisfaction were closely related to the academic achievement of dental hygiene students. Further research on ways to improve academic achievement is needed.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the factors influencing the degree of harm caused by fall incidents in hospitals. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study used secondary data from the “Korean Patient Safety Incident Report 2019” and was based on the International Classification for Patient Safety conceptual framework. We analyzed a total of 4,176 fall incidents between January 1 and December 31, 2019, in Korea. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the factors that influence the degree of harm from these incidents. Results: Among the fall incidents, 443 (10.6%) were sentinel events, 2,514 (60.2%) were adverse events, and 1,219 (29.2%) were near misses. The factors associated with sentinel events were old age (≥60 years), gender, patient diagnosis, medical department, early detection after falls, long-term care hospital, and reporters. Adverse events were significantly associated with diagnosis, medical department, nurses’ night shift time, large bed size, location (i.e., operating room, recovery room, and intensive care unit), and reporters. Conclusion Both patient and incident characteristics are significantly associated with the degree of harm in hospitals. Therefore, multiple factors should be considered to establish healthcare policies and thus prevent fall risks and minimize damage following falls in hospitals.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of early neuroimaging in patients with acute isolated 3rd, 4th, and 6th nerve palsy. Methods: Neuroimaging tests were performed in patients >50 years old with acute isolated 3rd, 4th, and 6th nerve palsy. The frequencies and types of abnormal findings were evaluated. All patients were divided into ischemic and non-ischemic groups and differences in clinical characteristics between groups were analyzed. Results: Of the 55 patients, nine (16.4%) had abnormal findings on brain imaging. Among 26 patients with 6th nerve palsy, four (15.4%) were found to have a cause including brain tumor, cerebrovascular compression, carotid cavernous fistula. Superior oblique muscle atrophy was found in two of 19 patients (10.5%) with 4th nerve palsy. Three of 10 patients (30%) with 3rd nerve palsy had abnormal findings and there were cases of pituitary apoplexy, posterior communicating, and cerebrovascular compression. Conclusions In patients with acute isolated oculomotor paralysis, early neuroimaging tests play an important role in differential diagnosis and evaluation of causes that may lead to mortality.

Curriculum ; Education ; Humans ; Learning ; Lectures ; Methods ; Oral Hygiene ; Plastics