OBJECTIVETo perform a Meta-analysis on peginterferon with interferon in treatment of HIV patients coinfected with refractory genotype HCV.

METHODSA literature search of Medline was conducted to identify eligible randomized controlled trials. Meta analysis was conducted to evaluate peginterferon and interferon in treatment of coinfected HCV genotype 1 or 4 in HIV patients.

RESULTSix trials of 88 matched the selection criteria. Total 1,131 patients with coinfection of HCV genotype 1 or 4 and HIV were included. Sustain viral response was higher in patients treated with peginterferon plus ribavirin compared with that of interferon plus ribavirin (26 % compared with 8 %) or peginterferon alone (26 % compared with 13 %). Severe adverse effects and withdrawal rates were similar for patients treated with peginterferon and patients treated with interferon.

CONCLUSIONPeginterferon plus ribavirin in treatment of patients with coinfection of genotype 1 or 4 HCV and HIV can achieve higher sustain viral response and the likelihoods of serious adverse effects and withdrawal rates are similar to other therapies.

Adult ; Antiviral Agents ; administration & dosage ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Genotype ; HIV Infections ; complications ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Hepacivirus ; classification ; genetics ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; complications ; drug therapy ; virology ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; administration & dosage ; Male ; Polyethylene Glycols ; administration & dosage ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Recombinant Proteins ; Ribavirin ; administration & dosage

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes in the bacterial ecology and to analyze the bacterial resistance to antibiotics in a burn ward in Nanning district during the past 15 years, so as to provide reference to the clinical management of burn infection under subtropical climate.

METHODSFive thousand eight hundred and fifty-five strains of bacteria were isolated from the wounds and blood of 2269 burn patients admitted to our hospital from April of 1989 to March of 2004. Kiry-Bauer method was employed for the detection of antibiotic sensitivity test. The bacterial examination and bacterial resistance were analyzed in spans of every five years.

RESULTSBurn patients in our district were mainly infected by the gram negative bacilli (3559 strains, accounting for 60.79%), among which Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae and Nitrate negative bacilli were major ones in every period. Gram positive cocci accounted for 33.99% (1990 strains), which ranked the second, among which Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Coagulase negative staphylococci (MRCNS) were the most predominant ones. The bacterial resistance to multiple antibiotics, such as Gentamicin, third generation of Cephalosporin, and Norfloxacin showed a tendency of increase or maintained at high level while the incidence of resistance to Imipenem and Vancomycin was very low.

CONCLUSIONThe climate and the way of using antibiotics exerted direct effects on the status of the bacterial ecology and change in bacterial resistance to various antibiotics.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Burn Units ; Burns ; microbiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Colony Count, Microbial ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Gram-Positive Bacteria ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Infant ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the method and effect of axial pattern myocutaneous flap in reconstructing breast by using color doppler flow imaging (CDFI) technique.

METHODSSuitable axial myocutaneous flaps were selected according to the character of the focus in 26 cases of breast cancer after operation and radiotherapy. All the axial pattern myocutaneous flaps were designed on the basis of traditional design method before operation; then, CDFI with high resolution was used to examine the starting spot, exterior diameter, trail and length of the myocutaneous flaps' major artery. The myocutaneous flaps were redesigned according to the results of CDFI and transferred to reconstruct the breasts. The results of operation and examination were investigated.

RESULTSAccording to the CDFI, only one thoracodorsal artery's blood current was slow, its wall was rough and presented with arteriosclerosis. The blood flow was fluent and the vessel wall was smooth with other supplying arteries in the flaps. And no embolism, sclerosis or absence of blood vessel was found. The starting spots, exterior diameters, trails and anatomic layers of the major supplying arteries of the flaps were displayed clearly with CDFI, in accordance with the results of operation. Twenty-one cases of latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap, 4 cases of the contralateral transverse abdominis myocutaneous flap and 1 cases of the bilateral transverse abdominis myocutaneous flap were used in this group. The flaps survived and healed well, the breasts were reconstructed well with perfect appearance, shape and sensation.

CONCLUSIONSCDFI is a simple, visualized and noninvasive method for designing the axial pattern myocutaneous flap in breast reconstruction, it can provide more scientific and accurate evidence for preoperative determination of myocutaneous flap transplantation.

Adult ; Breast Neoplasms ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mammaplasty ; methods ; Mastectomy ; Middle Aged ; Surgical Flaps ; Treatment Outcome ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color ; Ultrasonography, Mammary ; methods

In this article, the items from 1999 to 2003 of pharmaceutics of Chinese medicine accepted and supported by subject of traditional Chinese medicine, No.9 department of life science, national natural science foundation of China (NSFC) have been reported, in several aspects, such as extracting process, preparation, biopharmaceutics, pharmacokinetic, etc. The problems in these items have also been analyzed briefly.
Biopharmaceutics ; China ; Dosage Forms ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Pharmacokinetics ; Research ; Research Support as Topic ; Technology, Pharmaceutical

Objective To introduce an optimized practical method of making and detecting pipettes for microinjection.Methods Transfer pipette was made from hard glass capillary. We softened the hard glass capillary by rotating it in a spirit-lamp flame,then moved out from the flame and quickly pulled it into two transfer pipettes.After broken by a grinding wheel,the tip of the pipette was fire-polished by quickly touching the flame to make a fine opening.A hard glass capillary (1.0 mm,ouside diametre)was pulled into two holding pipettes by pipette Puller.The pipette shoulder was broken at desired position with a grinding wheel,then the fine pipette tip opening was heated by a microforge and shrinked into a diameter -15 μm.Injection pipette could be made directly from a capillary with filament by Puller.The solution loaded injection pipette and holding pipette were assembled into the micromanipulator and could be checked before use.We transfered both pipettes into the zygotes media drop,touched the holding pipette with the tip of the injection pipette to make a "suitable"opening.Then we switched injection pipette to the mineral oil and applied injection pressure through the injector to check whether the solution could come out of the tip smoothly and at a proper speed.It could be further verified by pronucleus microinjection of zygotes.Results The results showed that the method introduced in this paper could produce suitable pipettes for zygote microinjection.In particular,the method of detecting the opening of the injection pipette was helpful for achieving high efficiency of zygote microinjection.Conclusion The method introduced here to make and detect pipettes for microinjection is very helpful for establishing a standard microinjection manipulation procedure and improving the efficiency of zygote microinjection.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the safety and efficacy of surgical treatment for recurrent colorectal carcinoma in the elderly.

METHODSThe clinical and follow up data of 24 elderly patients with recurrent colorectal carcinoma who were treated between January 2000 and June 2009 at the Changhai hospital of the Second Military Medical University were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSAmong the 24 patients there were 14 men and 10 women. The mean age of the patients was 76.9 ± 5.3 years. The local recurrence was found in 15 patients. In 9 patients, both distant metastases and local recurrence were found. A total of 24 patients received operation, including radical resection in 15 patients and palliative resection in 8 patients. One patient had laparotomy only because of diffuse metastases in the abdomen and involvement of the duodenum and common bile duct.The patient received stent placement in the common bile duct and chemotherapy after the surgery. Postoperative complication occurred in 7(29.2%) patients, which included ileus(n=1), pulmonary infection(n=1), urinary infection(n=1), wound infection(n=2), wound dehiscence(n=1), and wound fat liquefaction(n=1). There were no perioperative deaths. The median survival time was 6 months in the entire cohort. The median survival time was 33 months in patients undergoing radical resection, and the 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rate was 71.4%, 28.6%, and 14.3%. The median survival time was 3 months in patients who underwent palliative resection, and the 1-year survival rate was 0. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONOutcomes are acceptable after radical resection for elderly patients with recurrent colorectal cancer if careful preoperative evaluation and perioperative management are performed.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; surgery ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVETo summarize the clinical management of abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) in burn patients with severe burn injury.

METHODSTwelve serious burn patients with abdominal compartment syndrome hospitalized in our center from January 2001 to April 2005 were enrolled in the study. Among them 3 patients were treated with conservative method, 4 with escharectomy of abdominal wall, 5 with laparotomy for decompression. The clinical results were analyzed statistically. Bladder pressure, central venous pressure, systolic blood pressure and arterial blood oxygen partial pressure (PaO2 ) were measured and compared before and after operation.

RESULTSAmong these 12 patients, 5 died with the overall mortality of 41.67%. But only 3 died among 9 patients undergone operation. Most of patients were oliguric,with abnormal bladder pressure, central venous pressure, and systolic blood pressure 24 hours before operation. But these parameters were significantly improved after operation ( P <0. 01).

CONCLUSIONEarly abdominal escharectomy and timely abdominal decompression are vital for the management of ACS in burn patients.

Abdomen ; pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Burns ; complications ; therapy ; Compartment Syndromes ; etiology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of Erzhi Pill (二至丸,EZP) on nerve cell apoptosis in senescence model rats.

METHODSThe rats model of senescence was established by peritoneal D-galactose injection combined with thymusectomy. Forty SD rats were randomized into four groups, the normal control group, the senescence model group, the EZP treated group, and the vitamins treated group, 10 in each group. The rats were made into senescence model except those in the normal group. In the same time of D-galactose injection, the rats were treated respectively with distilled water, EZP 4.32 g/kg, and vitamins E and C 0.06 g/kg daily for 6 weeks via intragastric infusion. The index of main viscera (as brain, testis, etc.), serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and total anti-oxidation capacity (T-AOC) were measured after a 6-week treatment. Meanwhile, the cerebral cortex neuronal apoptosis proportion and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were detected by flow cytometry.

RESULTSBoth EZP and vitamins E and C treatments showed effects on increasing testis index and serum level of T-AOC, reducing the percentage of neuronal apoptosis in the cerebral cortex, and elevating MMP in the aging rats model.

CONCLUSIONSEZP could inhibit the cerebral cortex neuron apoptosis and maintain the mitochondrial function in the senescent process of rats induced by peritoneal D-galactose injection combined with thymusectomy. It also shows antioxidation effect to some extents.

Aging ; blood ; drug effects ; Animals ; Antioxidants ; metabolism ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cerebral Cortex ; cytology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinases ; metabolism ; Neurons ; cytology ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Superoxide Dismutase ; blood

OBJECTIVETo investigate the lymph node metastasis and its risk factors in T1-2 staging invasive rectal carcinoma.

METHODSThe data of 1116 patients with rectal cancer treated with total mesorectal excision (TME) technique from January 2000 to April 2009 was analyzed retrospectively. The clinicopathological factors analyzed included gender, age, primary symptom type, number of symptoms, duration of symptom, synchronous polyps, preoperative serum carcino-embryonic antigen level, preoperative serum CA19-9 level, the distance of tumor from the anal verge, tumor size, tumor morphological type, tumor circumferential extent, tumor differentiation and tumor T staging. Statistical analysis was performed by using Logistic regression analysis and Chi-square test.

RESULTSA total of 1116 patients were enrolled, and 358 cases (32.1%) were classified as with T1-2 staging tumor. Two cases (5.6%, 2/36) in patients with a T1 staging tumor were found with lymph node metastasis, and 75 cases (23.3%, 75/322) in patients with a T2 staging tumor, respectively. Compared with patients with T3-4 staging tumor, lymph node metastasis rate of the patients with T1-2 staging tumor was significantly lower [21.5% (77/358) vs. 51.6% (391/758), P < 0.05]. Only the tumor T staging was found as the independent risk factor for the lymph node metastasis in patients with T1-2 staging tumor on multivariate Logistic regression analysis (odds ratio: 5.162; 95%CI: 1.212 to 21.991; P = 0.026).

CONCLUSIONSA substantial proportion of T1-2 staging rectal cancers harbor metastatic lymph nodes and the clinicopathological features except for T staging fail to predict the lymph node metastasis. Further research is warranted to identify the risk factors and guide the clinical practice in patient with T1-2 staging tumor.

Female ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Rectal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo investigate the emergency therapeutic strategy for sigmoid vovulus in the elderly.

METHODSClinical data of 14 elderly patients with sigmoid vovulus were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSThe mean age was(79.1±7.2) years(range, 70-93), and 11 patients (78.6%) were male. Emergency decompression and restoration with colonoscopy was performed in all the patients with a success rate of 100%. No patient required emergent surgery. Four patients(28.6%) recurred and they were managed well by repeat colonoscopic restoration.

CONCLUSIONEmergency colonoscopic restoration is the first treatment of choice for sigmoid vovulus in the elderly because it is safe and effective, and can be performed repeatedly.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Colon, Sigmoid ; surgery ; Colonoscopy ; Decompression, Surgical ; Emergencies ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Volvulus ; surgery ; Male ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies