DNA, Viral ; analysis ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; Hepatitis B ; drug therapy ; immunology ; virology ; Humans ; Viral Load

OBJECTIVETo probe the primary characteristic of 0507JS11 virus isolated from Culex sp. and determine the classification of 0507JS11 virus in taxonomy.

METHODS0507JS11 virus was cultured in Aedes albopictus C6/36 cells and cytopathic effects (CPEs) were recorded. Electro-microscopic morphology of 0507JS11 virus was observed. Total DNA extract of 0507JS11 virus was detected by 1% Agarose Gel Electrophoresis. Complete genomic sequence of 0507JS11 virus was sequenced and then made phylogenetic analysis.

RESULTS0507JS11 virus could cause CPEs in Aedes albopictus C6/36 cells. Viral particles have no envelope and appear icosahedron symmetry with diameter of 20 nm. The genome of 0507JS11 virus was positive single strand DNA (ssDNA) with full length of 3977 nt. However, a DNA band about 4 kbp was observed in the electrophoresis of total DNA extract of 0507JS11 virus. The coding region of the genome included three ORFs, ORF1 and ORF2 code NSP1 and NSP2, ORF3 codes VP. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete genomic sequence of 0507JS11 virus indicated an independent linear in Brevidensovirus.

CONCLUSION0507JS11 virus is a new member in Brevidensovirus.

Animals ; Culex ; virology ; DNA, Viral ; genetics ; Densovirinae ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Genome, Viral ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of B-lymphoproliferative disorders, T-cell lymphomas and Hodgkin's disease. In this report, we performed an in situ hybridization study on EBV genome in 10 cases of nasal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma(NHL), 20 cases of Waldeyer's ring(WR) NHL, and 20 cases of nodal NHLs to document EBV association with lymphomas in Koreans. For immunophenotyping, monoclonal antibodies for CD 20, MB 2, CD 45Ro & CD 43 were used. For in situ hybridization study, EBV DNA probe for Bam HI 'V' fragment and EBV RNA probe for EBER and BHLF were used. Twenty two cases(44%) of malignant lymphomas were positive for EBV genome. Generally, T-cell lymphomas showed a higher positive rate(61%) than B-cell lymphomas(24%). Among T-cell lymphomas, nasal lymphomas showed a higher positive rate(80%) than WR(50%) or nodal lymphomas(50%). Of 22 EBV genome positive cases, 10 cases were positive for EBER, 10 cases for BHLF, and 2 cases for both EBER and BHLF. The histologic types by Working Formulation(WF) were not correlated with EBV genome positive rate, whereas lymphomas showing the histologic spectrum of polymorphic reticulosis(PR) showed a higher positive rate(65%) than lymphomas without PR-like features(40%). These results indicate that nasal T-cell lymphomas with the histologic spectrum of PR are strongly associated with EBV and that the anatomic site may be an important factor in this association.
DNA, Viral/analysis ; Genome, Viral ; Herpesvirus 4, Human/*genetics ; Human ; *In Situ Hybridization ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/*virology ; RNA, Viral/analysis

China ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Hepacivirus ; classification ; Hepatitis C ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans ; RNA, Viral ; analysis

Human bocavirus, which was firstly discovered in 2005, is a new human parvovirus associated with lower respiratory tract infection in children. In this study, a human bocavirus, named WLL-1 isolate, was identified in Wenlin County, Zhejiang Province. The genome of bocavirus WLL-1 has been sequenced and analyzed. Phylogenetic analyses showed that WLL-1 shares 99% homology with other bocaviruses recently reported, but also has some special variations.
Bocavirus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; China ; DNA, Viral ; chemistry ; genetics ; Genome, Viral ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

DNA, Viral ; chemistry ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Torque teno virus ; classification ; genetics

Begomoviruses are single-stranded DNA viruses and cause severe diseases in major crop plants worldwide. Based on current genome sequence analyses, we found that synonymous codon usage variations in the protein-coding genes of begomoviruses are mainly influenced by mutation bias. Base composition analysis suggested that the codon usage bias of AV1 and BV1 genes is significant and their expressions are high. Fourteen codons were determined as translational optimal ones according to the comparison of codon usage patterns between highly and lowly expressed genes. Interestingly the codon usages between begomoviruses from the Old and the New Worlds are apparently different, which supports the idea that the bipartite begomoviruses of the New World might originate from bipartite ones of the Old World, whereas the latter evolve from the Old World monopartite begomoviruses.
Begomovirus ; genetics ; Biological Evolution ; Chromosome Mapping ; Codon ; genetics ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; DNA, Viral ; genetics ; Evolution, Molecular

OBJECTIVETo establish a simple, sensitive, specific and less-costly method for detecting genotypes of TT virus (TTV).

METHODSTTV DNA was tested by nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) in sera from 180 patients with different types of viral hepatitis and 96 normal individuals in Beijing. TTV genotypes were determined in 40 sera collected from TTV DNA positive patients by heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA) and through sequencing.

RESULTSThe positive rates of TTV DNA in viral hepatitis patients and normal individuals were 22.2% (40/180) and 19.8% (19/96), respectively (chi(2) = 0.220, P = 0.639). TTV DNA positive rates of patients with hepatitis A, B, C, E and non-A to E were 20.0% (6/30), 16.7% (5/30), 23.3% (7/30), 36.7% (11/30) and 18.3% (11/60), respectively. Of 40 TTV DNA positive patients, 20 (50.0%) were TTV G1, 7 (17.5%) TTV G2, 10 (25.0%) coinfected with different genotypes of TTV, and 3 untyped by HMA. Twenty G1 and 7 G2 detected by HMA were confirmed by sequence analysis. Of 10 patients coinfected with different genotypes of TTV, 5 were G1 and G2, 2 G1 and G3, 1 G1 and G4, 1 G1 and G3, and 1 with G1, G2 and G3 coinfections.

CONCLUSIONHMA was recognized as simple, sensitive, specific and less-costly, thus could be used for genotyping of TTV.

DNA, Viral ; analysis ; Genotype ; Hepatitis, Viral, Human ; virology ; Heteroduplex Analysis ; methods ; Humans ; Phylogeny ; Torque teno virus ; classification ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between the mutation patterns of rtM204V/I (methionine to valine or isoleucine at position rt204 of reverse transcriptase domain) in hepatitis B virus (HBV) polymerase gene and HBV genotypes.

METHODSA total of 2849 HBV complete genome sequences were retrieved from the GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ. HBV genotypes were determined by using MEGA4 software. The amino acid sequences of the reverse transcriptase (RT) domain were aligned. Data were analyzed using SPSS 13.0. RESULTS Among the 2849 HBV complete genome sequences, 217 strains with Y (I/V) DD were identified. Of them, 120 had YIDD mutation and the genotype/subgenotype distribution was as follows: A (2), B(B2 19), C(C1 1, C2 78, C5 1), D(17), E(1), G(1); 97 had YVDD mutation and the genotype/subgenotype distribution was as follows: A(17), B(B2 22), C(C1 3, C2 48), D(3), G(3), H(1). There is a significant difference in the mutation patterns of Y (I/V) DD among genotypes of A-D, A-C, and between genotype A and B, P < 0.01.There is a difference in the mutation pattern of Y (I/V) DD among genotypes of B-D, between genotype C and D, P < 0.05. Genotype A has a higher tendency to develop YVDD mutation, whereas genotype D has a higher frequency to develop YIDD mutation. The rtM204V-rtL180M mutations were more frequently found in subgenotype B2 than in subgenotype C2 while the rtM204V-rtL180M-rtV173L mutations were more associated with subgenotype C2 (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONDifferent HBV genotype/subgenotype may select different mutation pattern in the YMDD domain. Subgenotype C2 is more diversity and complexity than other HBV genotypes/subgenotypes.

Antigenic Variation ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; DNA, Viral ; genetics ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase ; genetics ; Genotype ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; Viral Proteins ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo perform variation and phylogenetics analysis on the SARS-CoV genome sequence (PUMC01) isolated in the Peking Union Medical College Hospital.

METHODSThe cDNA library of SARS-CoV (PUMC01 isolate) was constructed by means of random-priming strategy. Random selected plasmid was sequenced and the genome sequence of SARS-CoV-PUMC01 was assembled by conventional methods (The Genebank Accession No. of SARS-CoV-PUMC01 is AY350750). The variation and phylogenetics analysis were performed by comparing the PUMC01 sequence with other SARS-CoV isolates.

RESULTSTen variation sites were found by comparing PUMC01 isolate with Tor2 and Urbani isolates. In phylogenetic analysis of 18 SARS-CoV isolates, two classes were observed and there is different differential time between these two classes and the different isolates in each class.

CONCLUSIONSThe evidence of phylogenetic analysis of different SARS-CoV isolates from different region is instructive for understanding the clinical relations between the different isolates and the transmission chain of SARS-CoV.

Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; China ; DNA, Viral ; genetics ; Genetic Variation ; Genome, Viral ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; SARS Virus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Viral Proteins ; genetics