The article submitted the new progress of the study in antitumor mechanism of bererine (Ber). Reports indicated that Ber suppressed growth of tumor cells through impacting tumor cells growth cycle, inhibiting synthesises of DNA and protein, and reducing the activity of topoisomerase. Ber improved tumor cells apoptosis through several ways such as regulating apoptotic gene expression, inducing the decline of transmembrane potential on mitochondria. And Ber still could inhibit tumor metastasis through suppressing the formation of tumor angiogenesis, blocking signal transduction pathway, antagonizing extralumen, et al. In addition, Ber could induce tumor cells to differentiate to antagonize tumor.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Berberine ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; DNA, Neoplasm ; biosynthesis ; Humans ; Neoplasm Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

Transitional-CpG methylation between unmethylated promoters and nearby methylated retroelements plays a role in the establishment of tissue-specific transcription. This study examined whether chromosomal losses reducing the active genes in cancers can change transitional-CpG methylation and the transcription activity in a cancer-type-dependent manner. The transitional-CpG sites at the CpG-island margins of nine genes and the non-island-CpG sites round the transcription start sites of six genes lacking CpG islands were examined by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. The number of active genes in normal and cancerous tissues of the stomach, colon, breast, and nasopharynx were analyzed using the public data in silico. The CpG-island margins and non-island CpG sites tended to be hypermethylated and hypomethylated in all cancer types, respectively. The CpG-island margins were hypermethylated and a low number of genes were active in the normal stomach compared with other normal tissues. In gastric cancers, the CpG-island margins and non-island-CpG sites were hypomethylated in association with high-level chromosomal losses, and the number of active genes increased. Colon, breast, and nasopharyngeal cancers showed no significant association between the chromosomal losses and methylation changes. These findings suggest that chromosomal losses in gastric cancers are associated with the hypomethylation of the gene-control regions and the increased number of active genes.
Alu Elements/genetics ; *Chromosome Deletion ; CpG Islands/*genetics ; *DNA Methylation ; DNA, Neoplasm/chemistry/isolation & purification ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Genes, Neoplasm ; Humans ; Long Interspersed Nucleotide Elements/genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Stomach Neoplasms/*genetics

This paper gave a brief introduction of the effect of Solanum nigrum on anti-cancer. The experimental results showed that the total alkaloid isolated from S. nigrum interfered structure and function of tumor cell membrane, disturbed the synthesis of DNA and RNA, changed the cell cycle distribution, so that total alkaloids could play in inhibabition to tumor cells, while the glycoprotein (150 x 10(3)) isolated from S. nigrum might have shown anti-cancer abilities by blocking the anti-apoptotic pathway of NF-kappaB, activating caspase cascades reaction and increasing the production of nitric oxide.
Alkaloids ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Membrane Permeability ; drug effects ; DNA, Neoplasm ; biosynthesis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Glycoproteins ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Humans ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; RNA, Neoplasm ; biosynthesis ; Sialic Acids ; metabolism ; Solanum nigrum ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo screen the differentially methylated DNA sequences between mucosa adjacent to colorectal cancer (MACC) and normal colonic mucosa.

METHODSThe methylated DNA sequences were enriched by methylation CpG islands amplification (MCA), and the differentially methylated DNA sequences between MACC and normal colonic mucosa were isolated by representational difference analysis (RDA). Similarities between the separated fragments and the human genomic DNA were analyzed with BLAST program system in GenBank. With the separated fragment 1A12 as probe, dot blot was used to study its distribution between RDA products (No. 1-4 rounds), MACC (tester) and normal colonic mucosa(driver).

RESULTSTwenty-five differentially methylated DNA sequences were obtained. Preliminary studies indicated that 1A01 fragment was concerned with two different genes (LOC256866 and CECR7), it was located in the first exon of CECR7. 1A12 fragment was located in 5 flanking region of GR6 gene. By dot blot with 1A12 probe, hybridized signals were detected in MCA product of MACC and RDA products of No. 1-4 rounds, respectively. No signal was detected in MCA product of normal colonic mucosa.

CONCLUSIONThe differentially methylated DNA sequences can be isolated effectively between two different tissues with MCA coupled with RDA. Different methylated DNA fragments exist between MACC and normal colonic mucosa and these fragments may be concerned with colorectal cancer.

Adult ; Base Sequence ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; genetics ; CpG Islands ; genetics ; DNA Methylation ; DNA, Neoplasm ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Genetic Testing ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa ; metabolism ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

OBJECTIVETo observe the base of the interference in correlated biotic active matter obtained multi-drug resistance induced by chemotherapy for different alkaloid, and to supervise the use in clinic to restrain the multi-drug resistant of chemotherapy, and thereby to improve the curative effect.

METHODAfter bestowing subter-dosage unite chemotherapeutant to ascites S180 mouse to set up the mouse models of multi-drug resistance of S180 tumour cell, and giving the mouse matrine, terandrine, oxymatrine and berberine hydrooh loride for 4 weeks, the P170, LRP, TOPOII, Fas and apoposis were determined by flow cytometry.

RESULTMatrine and terandrine could obviously reduce the express of P170, LRP and the activation of TOPOII, and increase the ratio of the express of Fas and the apoposis of drug resistant tumour cell. And at the same time it could obviously reduce the express of intercellular adhesion molecule(CD54).

CONCLUSIONMatrine and terandrine can interfere in MDR which results from chemotherapeutics by the adjustment of correlated biotic active matter, besides, the different degree of alkaloid effect with different configuration.

ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; metabolism ; Alkaloids ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Benzylisoquinolines ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Berberine Alkaloids ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; DNA Topoisomerases, Type II ; metabolism ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quinolizines ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Sarcoma 180 ; metabolism ; pathology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Vault Ribonucleoprotein Particles ; metabolism ; fas Receptor ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect on P170, LRP, TOPO II of S180 tumour MDR mice for matter by 70% ethanol with Huanglian Jiedu Tang, and then discuss the molecular biology base for clinic.

METHOD18-22 gramme mice were divided into four groups for normal S180 tumour cell group, matter by 70% ethanol with Huanglian Jiede Tang 100 mg x kg(-1) and 50 mg x kg(-1) in random. Each mouse was given S180 cell 0.2 mL by celiac, and after 24 hours give cisplatin for Injective 3 mg x kg(-1), ip, once a week. And give cyclophosphamide and 5-FU 3 mg x kg(-1), ig, once every day. After 15 days, collect lively mice ascites and give it for onefold normal mice. And then repeat before process. At the same time, every group was given corresponding medicine for 0.2 mL x 10 g(-1). The normal group and the model group were given the same cubage water, all together fore weeks. At last observd the P170, LRP, TOPO II by flow cytometry.

RESULTMatter by 70% ethanol with Huanglian Jiedu Tang could obviously reduce the express of P170 and LRP, and the activiation of TOPO II.

CONCLUSIONMatter by 70% ethanol with Huanglian Jiedu Tang can intervene the ocurrence of the multi-drug resistance of tumour cells by regulating the biology gene.

ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Coptis ; chemistry ; DNA Topoisomerases, Type II ; metabolism ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; drug effects ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Ethanol ; chemistry ; Flow Cytometry ; Mice ; Phytotherapy ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Sarcoma 180 ; metabolism ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Vault Ribonucleoprotein Particles ; metabolism

OBJECTIVEOleanolic acid (OA) has been reported to have anticancer effects, but the extent of its cytotoxicity, its ability to interact with nuclear DNA, its action against skin melanoma, as well as the molecular mechanism of its action against cell proliferation and in support of cell death are still unexplored. This led us to examine the efficacy of OA, a bioactive compound isolated from Phytolacca decandra, on these issues in the present investigation.

METHODSStudies related to analyses of cell viability, drug-DNA interaction, cell proliferation, cell cycle and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activity were performed. To investigate whether cells undergo apoptosis, studies like fluorescence microscopy, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) degradation, annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide assay, alteration in mitochondrial membrane potential and activity of some relevant signaling proteins were performed.

RESULTSOA displayed a minimal and negligible cytotoxic effect on normal HaCaT cells (skin keratinocytes) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells but by contrast it reduced A375 cell viability significantly. OA interacted with nuclear DNA quickly after exposure. It acted as an anti-proliferative agent. It suppressed EGFR activity. OA administration led the cells to mitochondria-dependent caspase 3-mediated apoptosis.

CONCLUSIONOA interacts with cellular DNA, inhibits proliferation possibly through modulating EGFR activity and induces mitochondria-dependent caspase 3-mediated apoptosis in A375 cells which would qualify it as a potent anticancer agent.

Antineoplastic Agents ; isolation & purification ; therapeutic use ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA, Neoplasm ; drug effects ; Humans ; Melanoma ; drug therapy ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Oleanolic Acid ; isolation & purification ; therapeutic use ; Phytolacca ; chemistry ; Phytotherapy ; methods ; Plant Extracts ; isolation & purification ; therapeutic use ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; drug effects ; physiology ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Skin Neoplasms ; drug therapy

Multidrug resistance of breast cancer is one of the most causes of failure in clinical chemotherapy. It is important to find out some safe and effective drugs to reserve multidrug resistance to breast cancer. The effect of some herbs had been identified in vitro. This article mainly reviewed the research progress in reversing multidrug resistance to breast cancer with Chinese herb. If the herb's effects and safety can be testified in vivo by further research, it will be effectively applied in clinic.
ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Sub-Family B ; metabolism ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; DNA Repair ; drug effects ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Materia Medica ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins ; metabolism ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of Rg3 on inhibiting and inducing apoptosis of bladder cancer cells.

METHODThe bladder cancer cell line EJ was treated with Rg3 of various concentrations. Cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay. Morphological changes of cells were observed by fluorescent staining of Hoechst 33258. Cell cycle and apoptosis rate were analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM). The expression of caspase-3 in cells was detected by immunocytochemistry. DNA ladder was showed by agarose gel electrophoresis.

RESULTRg3 inhibited proliferation of EJ cells in a manner of concentration-dependent relationship, IC50 of Rg3 in 48 h treatment was 125.5 mg x L(-1) to EJ cells. When treated with 150 mg x L(-1) of Rg3 for 24 h and 48 h, the cells showed apoptotic morphological characteristics including the condensed chromatin, the nuclear fragmentation, the apoptotic body and bright fluorescent granules as well as a higher caspase-3 expression. FCM assay indicated that Rg3 regulated cell cycle and induced apoptosis of EJ cells. When treated for 24 h and 48 h with 75 mg x L(-1) of Rg3 as well as for 48 h with 150 mg x L(-1) of Rg3, the percentages of cells in S phase and G2/M phase were increased, whereas the percentage of cells in G0-G1 was decreased. The apoptosis rates were increased from (1.05 +/- 0.17)% in control group cells to (8.41 +/- 0.98)%, (18.57 +/- 2.20)% and (33.98 +/- 1.64)%, respectively. Remarkable DNA ladders were revealed. The effects showed a manner in dose and time dependent of Rg3.

CONCLUSIONThe results suggest that ginsenoside Rg3 exerts an inhibiting effect on proliferation of EJ cells by inducing apoptosis.

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; DNA, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel ; Flow Cytometry ; Ginsenosides ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Panax ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology

Researches on MDR (multidrug resistance) of tumor presently focus on seeking chemosensitizers with more targets, high efficiency and low toxicity from traditional Chinese medicine. This paper reviews the research progress in the reversion of MDR of leukemia, hepatocarcinoma, breast carcinoma and oral epithelioid neoplasia by TDM compound, its extracts, its groups of active ingredients or its active ingredients.
ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Animals ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; DNA Topoisomerases, Type II ; metabolism ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; drug effects ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Genes, MDR ; Humans ; Leukemia ; metabolism ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins ; metabolism ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics