Objective To study the effects of electroacupuncture(EA)on gastrointestinal motility and nitric oxide synthase(NOS)positive nerves in myenteric plexus in acute exhaustive exercise rats. Methods A total of 54 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into an acute exhaustive exercise(AEE)group,an AEE plus EA group and a control(C)group.The gastric empty rate and intestinal motility rate were measured,and histological changes of NOS-positive nerves in ileum myenteric plexus were observed with enzymatic histochemical method and image analysis technique. Results In the rats of AEE group,the gastric empty rate and intestinal motility rate were delayed but the numbers of NOS-positive neurons and expression levels of NOS in the ileum myenteric plexus significantly increased comparing with those of the C group(P＜0.01).Compared with AEE group,the gastric empty rate and intestinal motility rate were significantly increased but the number of NOS-positive neurons and expression level of NOS in the ileum myenteric plexus significantly decreased in AEE plus EA group(P＜0.01). Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that increase of NOS-positive neurons and expression levels of NOS in the myenteric plexus is one of the mechanisms of slowing down of gastrointestinal movement after acute exhaustive exercise.Electroacupuncture at Zusanli acupoint may decrease the number of NOS-positive neurons and expression levels of NOS in the myenteric plexus,and improve gastrointestinal movement in acute exhaustive exercise rats.

Objective]With discussion of stroke machine with depression syndrome and law,we broaden the clinical thinking and improve clinical therapeutic effect.[Methods]Ancient medical books discussion of stroke and depression syndrome were collected,referring to the definition of post-stroke depression in modern medicine,traditional Chinese medicine continued to collect relevant papers in modern treatises,and combined with the experience of the author's departments in the diagnosis and treatment of post-stroke depression.[Outcome]Post-stroke depression in the pathogenesis of disorders with blood and viscera of yin and yang,phlegm and qi stagnation as the standard.Treatment should be given on multi-organs,especially focusing on regulating liver;emphasis interconversion between pathological factors in clinic,adjusting for the first Qi; taking care treatments with acupuncture combined emotions inter-resistance. Through organizing the relevant literature depression after stroke,come to the disease and its treatment of its laws,as well as the clinical treatment of attention points,which can improve clinical outcomes.[Conclusion] The pathogenesis of post-stroke depression is varied, we must analyse the syndrome and law carefully to promote better recovery, and then improve clinical therapeutic effect.

Objective To optimize ethanol extraction technologyDingtongning Granule.Methods With yield of extract and content of tanshinoneⅡA as comprehensive evaluation indexes, the concentration of ethanol, the amount of ethanol, soaking time, extraction time and extraction times were selected as observing factors. Orthogonal design test L18(37) was used to optimize ethanol extraction technology ofDingtongning Granule.Results Optimum extraction conditions were as follows: soaking medicine for 0 hour; 2 times with 6 times of the amount of 80% ethanolre; flux extracted 3 hours each time.Conclusion This optimal extraction technology is stable and reliable, which can provide basis for industrial production ofDingtongning Granule.

Dizziness ; classification ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Vertigo ; classification ; epidemiology

Objective To study the changes of cytokines in aqueous humor of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR)after intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) and the correlation of these cytokines.Methods Fifty-six patients(63 eyes) with severe PDR underwent pars piana vitrectomy (PPV) with IVB pretreatment in our hospital from April,2014 to February,2015 were collected.All the patients received IVB therapy from 3 days to 7 days before PPV.Aqueous humor samples were collected at the time of IVB and PPV treatment.The concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),interleukin-6 (IL-6),interleukin-8 (IL-8) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) were measured by cytoinetric bead array (CBA).The changes of these cyto-kines after IVB were analyzed by using Wilcoxon rank sum test for paired data.The correlation between these cytokines was analyzed by using Spearman rank test.Results From 3 days to 7 days after IVB,the concentration of VEGF in aqueous humor was (6.57 ± 12.29)pg · mL-1,lower than the pre-operation of (278.71 ±340.20)pg · mL-1,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The concentration of IL-8 was (385.60 ± 1099.47) pg · mL-1,higher than pre-operation of(298.87 ± 1005.79) pg ·mL-1,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).IL-6 and MCP-1 were increased after IVB,but the difference was not statistically significant (all P ＞ 0.05).VEGF,IL-6,IL-8 and MCP-1 had an obviously relationship between each two factors(all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Angiogenesis in patients with PDR are regulated by a variety of cytokines,and targeted reduction of VEGF may compensatory increase the concentration of other inflammatory cytokines.

Objective To observe effects of Apelin-13 microinjection into the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus(PVN) on gastric ischemia-reperfusion(GI-R) injury in rats.Methods After Apelin-13 injection into PVN,the experimental model of GI-R was established by clamping the celiac artery for 30 min and then reperfused the artery for 1 h.We used immunohistochemistry to detect the gastric mucosal cells apoptosis,proliferation and the expression of BCL-2,BAX.Results(1)Apelin-13 microinjection into the PVN aggravated GI-R injury in an dose-dependent manner with dosages as 0.2,1.0 or 5.0 ?g,respectively.(2)Compared with GI-R group,Apelin-13 microinjection into PVN markedly increased gastric mucosal cellular apoptosis,decreased the proliferation and promoted protein expression of BAX,but obviously inhibited the protein expression of BCL-2.Conclusion Apelin-13 microinjection into the PVN may aggravate GI-R injury by promoting gastric mucosal cellular apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation.

Objective To study the vascular anatomy for laparoscopic anterior lumbar interbody fusion(LALIF),and to evaluate the feasibility of the surgical approach.Methods Vascular anatomy of 36 adult human bodies were studied by infusing red latex into the arteries.They were classified according to the percentage of the exposed lumbosacral disc in the interiliac triangle.Results The mean height of the aortic bifurcation(AB)was(41.81?13.82)mm,and the height of the confluence of the common iliac vein(CCIV)was(20.22?14.20)mm.The angles of the AB and CCIV were(51.88?12.09)? and(77.08?20.98)? respectively.The width of the median sacral artery(MSA)were(1.57?0.42)mm and(1.33?0.50)mm respectively at the top and bottom of the lumbosacral disc.While the distance from the right iliac vessel(RIV)to MSA at the top and bottom of the lumbosacral disc were(20.83?7.73)mm and(27.60?7.80)mm.The average width of the exposed disc was(36.78?13.06)mm,which accounts for(72.29?25.64)% of that of the disc.According to our morphological classification,22 specimens(61.1%)belong to type Ⅰ(Standard type,being exposed by more than 65%),9(25.0%)type Ⅱ(Narrow type,being exposed by 45% to 65%),and 5(13.9%)type Ⅲ(Barrier type,being exposed by less than 45%).The height of CCIV was negatively,but not significantly,correlate to its angle(r=-0.287,P=0.089).Conclusions In 86.1% of our patients,anterior approach is a safe and effective way for laparoscopic interbody fusion.Moreover,in 61.1% of the patients,the procedure can be carried out without managing the iliac vessels arround the interiliac triangle.

Objective To obtain the heavy chain variable region (VH) gene of monoclonal antibody 2F2 against Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV).Methods Total RNA was isolated with Trizol from hybridoma 2F2 cells,and cDNA of VH was amplified with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and sequenced.The putative VH gene was expressed in E.coli,and the expressed products was detected with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine the activity to bind JEV.Results The VH gene was 354 bp in length which encodes 118 amino acids.Tricine-sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed that the VH gene was successfully expressed and purified from inclusion bodies.ELISA result also demonstrated that VH gene expressed products bind purified JEV.Conclusions The VH gene of monoclonal antibody 2F2 against JEV had been cloned.

ObjectiveTo investigate the etiology, exacerbating factors and outcome of geriatric patients with acute renal failure (ARF) in emergency and critical internal medicine. MethodsClinical features of elderly inpatients with ARF who were diagnosed in internal medicine of our hospital during the past 10 years were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into community-acquired ARF (CA-AFR) group and hospital-acquired ARF (HA-ARF) group. Comparisons between CA-ARF group and HA-ARF group, and between elderly patients and non-elderly patients with ARF in internal medicine were performed. ResultsAmong 381 elderly ARF patients in internal medicine, there were 218 (57.2%) CA-ARF patients and 163 (42.8%) HA-ARF patients. Most of the HA-ARF patients (153 cases) were distributed in medical intensive care. Compared with CA-ARF group, patients in HA-ARF group were older, with more underlying diseases, a higher ratio of infections and/or heart failure and more severe acute renal failure. Infection and heart failure/severe myocardial isehemia were the major exacerbating factors for HA-ARF. Of the 163 patients with HA-ARF, 146 patients died and 17 patients survived. Patients in the death group had more underlying diseases, a higher ratio of severe infections and heart failure/severe myocardial ischemia, a higher ratio of cases with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS) and a higher score of APACHE Ⅱ.When compared with non-elderly patients with ARF, the elderly patients had a higher proportion ofHA-ARF, a higher ratio of MODS, a higher score of APACHEⅡ and a higher mortality of ARF.ConclusionsThe elderly critical patients are susceptible to HA-ARF with more chronic underlying diseases. Infection and heart failure/severe myocardial ischemia are the major exacerbating factors.The prognosis depends on the treatment of predisposing diseases and removal of exacerbating factors.

Objective Depression is a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness,with high morbidity rates and great social impairment.Increasingly studies show the abnormalities of brain networks.We summarized the results of resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging study of depression,and demonstrated the neural loops mechanism from neuroimaing perspective.Methods The key words depression, resting state and network were searched in PubMed,CNKI and Wan Fang databases from January 2000 to December 2014.The nodes of depression related network and the alterations of cortex resting-state networks were summarized.Results 24 studies focusing on resting state network of depression were identified.40 studies based on ROI (region of interest) analysis,which included amygdala,frontal lobe,pregenual anterior cingulate cortex and cerebellum.The functional connectivity of ROIs were calculated and compared between groups.8 studies based on ICA (independent component analysis),the resting state networks were extracted and compared between groups.Two based on graph theory,the functional connectivity of whole brain were analyzed and compared.Conclusion There are abnormalities of functional connectivity among limbic system-thalamus-frontal cortex,and the changes of functional connectivity were associated with clinical symptom and drug efficacy of depression.