With continued ozone deletion and increased ultraviolet application,ultraviolet (UV) induced eye injury receives more attention,especially for astronauts,residents on high elevation plateaus and other people exposed to intense beams of UV.Continuous exposure to UV can lead to damage of conjunctiva,cornea,crystalline lens and retina,which are correlated with conjunctivitis,keratitis,ocular tumor,climatic droplet keratopathy,and pterygium.This paper focuses on the effect of UV on eyes,with a systematic elaboration of UV-induced eye injury.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of insulin use intervention and self management of blood glucose in the treat-ment of cystic fibrosis related diabetes. METHODS:In prospective cohort study,during Apr. 2007-Apr. 2013,1 295 CFRD inpa-tients selected from 14 hospitals of Shanghai were randomly divided into trial group (743 cases) and control group (552 cases). Control group maintained the dose of insulin,and trial group adjusted the dose of insulin every week and received patient education about self management of blood glucose. Blood glucose,blood lipid,quality of life,the ability of self management and other in-dex were detected,recorded and compared between 2 groups 1 year after intervention. RESULTS:1 year after intervention,fasting blood glucose,postprandial 2 h blood glucose and HbA1c of trial group were significantly lower than those of control gorup,with statistical significance(P<0.05). The time of blood glucose reaching the standard,the dose of insulin,the number of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia in trial group were all significantly shorter or lower than control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). There was statistically significant difference in the rate of standard blood glucose between trial group [93.5%(695/743)] and control group [59.6%(329/552)]. TG of trial group decreased while HDL increased,there was statistically significant difference between 2 groups (P<0.05). There was statistically significant difference in the quality of life score between trial group (196.24 ± 15.80) and control group(180.33±16.29)(P<0.05). The ability of self management in trial group was significantly higher than control group, with statistical significance(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Insulin use intervention and self management of blood glucose can control the level of blood glucose in CFRD patients,and improve the quality of life,medication compliance and therapeutic effect.

Objective To evaluate the changes of hepatic blood perfusion of liver cirrhosis patients and the role of pericardial devascularization (PCDV)on them.Methods Hepatic artery and portal vein perfusions of 22 liver cirrhotic patients (LC) pre and post P CDV compared with control were evaluated with rheohepatogram(RHG) and ultrasonogram(USG).Results Compared with control,both hepatic and portal effective perfusion of LC were decreased on RHG, PCDV could increase portal perfusion of LC patients without significant effect on hepatic artery.USG showed that portal vein diameter and blood quantity of LC increased and PCDV didn't influence liver perfusion;No correlation between RHG and USG parameters were seen by STATA analysis. Conclusions RHG is an effective way to evaluate comprehensive blood perfusion of cirrhotic livers,the effect of operation on blood perfusion and prognosis.

BACKGROUND:For patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis combined with osteoporosis, appropriate fixation system for effective reset and good fixation stability is currently a hot issue of clinical concern. Pedicle screw screw-rod system after bone cement perfusion can achieve the effective fixation between pedicle screw system and the vertebral bone. OBJECTIVE:To observe the therapeutic effect of bone cement-augmented pedicle screw on patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis combined with osteoporosis. METHODS:17 cases of lumbar spondylolisthesis combined with osteoporosis were identified by bone density test. They received the posterior open reduction and internal fixation, and implanted with 68 bone cement-augmented pedicle screws. Their repair effects were observed by short-term fol ow-up. Patients were evaluated using low back pain Visual Analog Scale and lower limb Oswestry Disability Index before treatment, 1 week, 3 months and 1 year after treatment. Vertebral height, intervertebral height, screw loosening and bone cement leakage were observed using imaging.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with pre-treatment, low back pain Visual Analog Scale score and lower limb Oswestry Disability Index were significantly improved at 1 week, 3 months and 1 year after treatment (P<0.05). No significant difference was detected between post-treatment and fol ow-up (P>0.05), which indicated that clinical repair effect could be effectively maintained. At 3 months of fol ow-up, one screw loosening occurred in two patients. During fixation, mild bone cement leakage appeared in seven vertebral bodies with screw fixation, no symptoms or subsequent complications were observed. There were no significant differences in vertebral height and intervertebral height before and after treatment and during fol ow-up (P>0.05). These results suggest that bone cement-augmented pedicle screw for patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis combined with osteoporosis can effectively reset vertebral slippage, effectively provide good anti-pul-out force for a long term, and the effect was stable. Bone cement augmentation can perfectly strengthen fixation, shows good biocompatibility, and avoids osteoporosis around the screw-induced failure fixation.

Objective To investigate the effects of ursolic acid (UA) on oxidative stress and apoptosis in focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion in rats. Methods One hundred and twenty SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups:sham operation group, model group, and groups of 20, 40, 80 120 mg/kg UA, with 20 rats in each group. A model of focal cerebral ischemic reperfusion was induced using the intraluminal thread method. Drugs were administrated immediately via tail vein injection when the suture was inserted. At 6h later, the total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC), malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and the activity of creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the serum, and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the ischemic cortex were measured. Apoptosis in the ischemic cortex was detected by TUNEL staining. Results Compared with the model group, the activity of CK (301.2 ± 86.8 U/L, 258.5 ± 58.4 U/L, 228.7 ± 49.2 U/L vs. 352.6 ± 88.1 U/L), LDH (327.5 ± 87.1 U/L, 288.6 ± 69.5 U/L, 243.7 ± 74.9 U/L vs. 395.4 ± 98.6 U/L) in the serum in the groups of 40, 80 120 mg/kg UA were significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01), MDA (5.5 ± 1.4 mmol/L, 4.8 ± 1.1 mmol/L, 4.4 ± 1.3 mmol/L vs. 7.8 ± 2.0 mmol/L) and T-AOC (9.4 ± 2.2 U/L, 10.5 ± 2.9 U/L, 11.8 ± 3.1 U/L vs. 8.0 ± 2.1 U/L) were significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01); the activity of SOD (10.1 ± 2.7 U/mg, 11.6 ± 2.5 U/mg vs. 6.9 ± 2.6 U/mg),GSH-Px (12.9 ± 2.9 U/mg, 14.2 ± 3.2 U/mg vs. 9.5 ± 2.3 U/mg), CAT (3.3 ± 1.3 U/mg, 3.9 ± 1.2 U/mg vs. 2.3 ± 0.9 U/mg) in the ischemic cortex in the groups of 80 120 mg/kg UA were significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). TUNEL staining showed that apoptosis in the ischemic cortex in all the UA groups were significantly decreased compared with the model group. Conclusion UA could effectively enhance the activity of antioxidant enzymes and free radical scavenging capacity, ameliorate oxidative stress and inhibit apoptosis in focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion in rats.

BACKGROUND:Bionic structure is one of the most important goals of scaffold design in tissue engineering. However, the majority of the bionic scaffolds do not have the capacity of sustained release of growth factors.
OBJECTIVE:To fabricate a novel biomimetic nanofibrous heparin/gelatin scaffold and investigate the characterization of the scaffolds including the microstructure, the mechanical strength andin vitro recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) release.
METHODS:Heparin-conjugated gelatin was prepared by chemical crosslinking and mixed with gelatin at different ratios. Nanofibrous composite scaffolds with different ratios of heparin-conjugated gelatin (0, 20% and 40%) were fabricated by using a thermaly induced phase separation combined with particle leaching technique. The amount of conjugated heparin in the scaffolds, scaffold microstructures and mechanical strength were detected and observed. The release kinetics of rhBMP-2 from the scaffolds with different concentrations of heparin conjugated gelatin was detected using ELISA method.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The composite scaffolds possessed abundant porosities, good mechanical properties, and biomimetic nano-structures. The macroporous size was 250-420 μm. When the ratio of heparin-conjugated gelatin was 0, 20% and 40%, the content of heparin in the scaffolds was 0, (12.82±2.49) and (25.08±3.69) mg/g, respectively, with significant differences; the elastic modulus of the composite scaffolds was (299±38), (286±40) and (236±33) kPa, respectively, with insignificant differences (P > 0.05). With the increase in the content of heparin-conjugated gelatin, the rhBMP-2 adsorption capacity of the nanofibrous heparin/gelatin scaffold is improved, thereby significantly reducing the burst release of rhBMP-2 and prolonging the releasing time.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of ursolic acid (UA) on global cerebral ischemic-reperfusion injury in rats.MethodsThe experimental rats were divided into the sham operation group, the model group, the UA low, medium and high dose groups, 20 in each group. Except the rats in the sham operation group, the rats in other groups were dealed by four arteries occlusion to made global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model. The rats in the UA low, medium, high dose groups were given UA as 40, 80, 120 mg/kg immediately after the occlusion line was inserted; the rats in the sham operation group and the model group were given equal-volume saline. And 6 hours later, the recovery time of righting reflex and electrical activity of brain were recorded, water content of the brain were evaluated, and the activity of LDH, MDA, SOD, CAT in brain tissue were determined; the inflammatory cytokines content of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 were determined by ELISA. Results Compared with the model group, the recovery time of righting reflex (20.6 ± 7.2 min, 18.2 ± 6.9 min vs. 27.3 ± 8.8 min) and electrical activity of brain (16.2 ± 5.8 min, 14.9 ± 5.6 min vs.24.1 ± 7.2 min) of the UA medium and high dose groups were shortened (P<0.05 orP<0.01); the water content were significantly decreased (79.0% ± 0.7%, 78.6% ± 0.5%vs. 80.7% ± 0.9%;P<0.05 orP<0.01); the activity of SOD (158.5 ± 8.4 U/mg, 165.4 ± 9.0 U/mgvs. 143.0 ± 7.1 U/mg), CAT (3.3 ± 1.4 U/mg, 3.9 ± 1.5 U/mgvs. 2.4 ± 0.9 U/mg) in brain tissue of the UA medium and the high dose groups were significantly improved; the content of LDH (16.0 ± 2.6 mmol/g, 18.4 ± 2.8 mmol/gvs. 12.4 ± 1.9 mmol/g) were significantly increased; the content of MDA (18.6 ± 2.8μmol/g, 17.2 ± 2.4μmol/gvs. 24.9 ± 3.4μmol/g), TNF-α (45.8 ± 6.3 nmol/L, 40.1 ± 5.6 nmol/Lvs. 56.3 ± 7.2 nmol/L), IL-6 (187.2 ± 18.5 nmol/L, 136.8 ± 15.7 nmol/Lvs. 238.4 ± 22.9 nmol/L) were significantly decreased, and the content of IL-1β in UA 120 mg/kg treated group was significantly decreased (713.6 ± 56.3 nmol/L vs. 915.7 ± 70.5 nmol/L;P<0.05 orP<0.01).Conclusion UA can effectively promote righting reflex and EEG recovery, reduce brain water content, which perhaps related with its pharmacological effects of enhanceing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, lower oxidative stress, and inhibit inflammation.

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of Paishi granules on promoting stone expulsion after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy ( ESWL) . Methods:A retrospective study method was adopted. Totally 510 cases of lithangiuria patients were divided into the treatment group and the control group with 255 cases in each. The control group was treated by ESWL, and the treatment group was treated by Paishi granules after ESWL. The stone expulsion rate,clinical efficacy and adverse reactions in the two groups were stud-ied and compared. Results:The stone expulsion rate of the observation group was 78. 8%,which was significantly higher than that of the control group (51. 0%, P<0. 05). The curative rate of the observation group was 72. 9% with the total effective rate of 92. 5%, that of the control group was 43. 9% with the total efficiency of 82. 4%,and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P<0. 05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0. 05). Conclusion:Using Paishi granules after ESWL can promote stone expulsion with high efficacy and slight adverse reactions.

Objective To analyse the effect of repaglinide combined with Zhenqi Jiangtang Capsules on βcell function in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods 60 elderly patients were collected from harbour branch of Hainan provincial People's hospital, who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus .All patients were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, 30 cases in each group, 2 groups of patients were given control diet, moderate exercise, and other conventional adjuvant therapy.Control group was treated with repaglinide orally on the basis of routine adjuvant treatment, 1 mg/times, three times per day,experimental group were given Zhenqi Jiangtang Capsules based on the treatment in control group,4 grains/times,three times per day.Both groups were treated for 4 weeks, after the end of treatment, blood glucose levels,serum insulin levels,βcell function and serum lipids in all patients were detected.ResuIts After treatment, compared with control group, the levels of blood glucose, HbA1c and AUCg in experimental group were significantly lower ( P<0.05 );the insulin levels 30 min,60 min, 120 min after meal were significantly higher (P<0.05);the HOMA-IR of patients was significantly lower(P<0.05);IRG, AUCi and AUCi/AUCg were significantly higher (P<0.05);the serum TC, TG, LDL levels were significantly lower, serum HDL levels were significantly higher(P<0.05).ConcIusion Repaglinide combined with Zhenqi Jiangtang Capsules can significantly reduce the blood glucose and lipid levels in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes, improve the function of pancreatic beta cells, promote postprandial insulin secretion and improve insulin resistance.

5-Fluorouracil(5-FU)has been widely used to treat gastrointestinal,head,neck,chest and ovarian malignant tu-mors since 1957. As an analogue of pyrimidine,5-FU plays anti-cancer roles by inhibiting thymioylate synthase and integrating its me-tabolites into DNA and RNA. Although 5-FU is one of the first-line therapeutic compounds for gastrointestinal malignant tumor as a sin-gle drug or in combination with other drugs,its effectiveness is hindered by its low efficiency,which may be due to chemotherapy re-sistance. 5-FU chemotherapy resistance may stem from enzyme abnormality,genetic abnormality and tumor microenvironment. In this paper,we make a review about 5-FU actions and the mechanisms underlying chemotherapy resistance.