Objective:To explore the clinical manifestations,diagnosis,pathological features and treatment of small-cell carci-noma of the prostate(SCCP).Methods:We conducted a retrospective analysis of the clinical and pathological data of 2 cases of confirmed SCCP treated from November 2017 to March 2018,and reviewed relevant literature.Results:Both the patients had the symptoms of frequent,urgent and difficult urination,with an elevated level of PSA and grades Ⅱ-Ⅲ enlargement of the prostate at palpation.One underwent prostate puncture biopsy and the other received transurethral 1470 laser vaporization resection of the tumor.Postoperative pathology indicated prostate adenocarcinoma accompanied by SCCP in both of the cases.One of them was treated by eto-poside-platinum(EP)chemotherapy and died of systemic multiple organ failure 20 months after diagnosis,while the other underwent endocrine therapy and has lived with tumor up to the present day.Conclusion:The incidence rate of SCCP is low,its malignancy is high,and its prognosis is poor.The average survival of the patient is about 7 to 10 months after diagnosis.Currently there is no effec-tive management of the dissease,except by relying on the experience of the treatment of small-cell lung cancer,with chemotherapy as the main option.

Endometriosis, a heterogeneous, inflammatory, and estrogen-dependent gynecological disease defined by the presence and growth of endometrial tissues outside the lining of the uterus, affects approximately 5-10% of reproductive-age women, causing chronic pelvic pain and reduced fertility. Although the etiology of endometriosis is still elusive, emerging evidence supports the idea that immune dysregulation can promote the survival and growth of retrograde endometrial debris. Peritoneal macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells exhibit deficient cytotoxicity in the endometriotic microenvironment, leading to inefficient eradication of refluxed endometrial fragments. In addition, the imbalance of T-cell subtypes results in aberrant cytokine production and chronic inflammation, which contribute to endometriosis development. Although it remains uncertain whether immune dysregulation represents an initial cause or merely a secondary enhancer of endometriosis, therapies targeting altered immune pathways exhibit satisfactory effects in preventing disease onset and progression. Here, we summarize the phenotypic and functional alterations of immune cells in the endometriotic microenvironment, focusing on their interactions with microbiota and endocrine and nervous systems, and how these interactions contribute to the etiology and symptomology of endometriosis.
Female ; Humans ; Endometriosis/metabolism* ; Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism* ; T-Lymphocytes/metabolism* ; Estrogens ; Endometrium/metabolism*

Objective: To investigate the prospective association of physical activity with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) mortality in CKD patients in China. Methods: Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the association of total, domain-specific, and intensity-specific physical activity with the risk of all-cause, CVD, and CKD mortality based on data from the baseline survey of China Kadoorie Biobank. Results: During a median follow-up of 11.99 (11.13, 13.03) years, there were 698 deaths in 6 676 CKD patients. Compared with the bottom tertile of total physical activity, participants in the top tertile had a lower risk of all-cause, CVD, and CKD mortality, with hazard ratios (HRs) (95%CIs) of 0.61 (0.47-0.80), 0.40 (0.25-0.65), and 0.25 (0.07-0.85), respectively. Occupational, commuting, and household physical activity were negatively associated with the risk of all-cause and CVD mortality to varying degrees. Participants in the top tertile of occupational physical activity had a lower risk of all-cause (HR=0.56, 95%CI: 0.38-0.82) and CVD (HR=0.39, 95%CI: 0.20-0.74) mortality, those in the top tertile of commuting physical activity had a lower risk of CVD mortality (HR=0.43, 95%CI: 0.22-0.84), and those in the top tertile of household physical activity had a lower risk of all-cause (HR=0.61, 95%CI: 0.45-0.82), CVD (HR=0.44, 95%CI: 0.26-0.76) and CKD (HR=0.03, 95%CI: 0.01-0.17) mortality, compared with the bottom tertile of corresponding physical activity. No association of leisure-time physical activity with mortality was observed. Both low and moderate-vigorous intensity physical activity were negatively associated with the risk of all-cause, CVD and CKD mortality. The corresponding HRs (95%CIs) were 0.64 (0.50-0.82), 0.42 (0.26-0.66) and 0.29 (0.10-0.83) in the top tertile of low intensity physical activity, and the corresponding HRs (95%CIs) were 0.63 (0.48-0.82), 0.39 (0.24-0.64) and 0.23 (0.07-0.73) in the top tertile of moderate-vigorous intensity physical activity. Conclusion: Physical activity can reduce the risk of all-cause, CVD, and CKD mortality in CKD patients.
Humans ; Exercise ; Motor Activity ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; China ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic

Objective:To evaluate the strategy and safety of the radiofrequency ablation (RFA) on ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) originating from the pulmonary sinus cusp (PSC) in pediatric patients.Methods:Retrospective study.Fifteen patients with VAs originating from the PSC who were intervened by RFA in the Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People′s Hospital between March 2014 to July 2020 were enrolled.All the patients met the indication criteria for RFA in pediatric patients.The electrocardiogram, ablation method of ablation were analyzed.Different curved catheters were selected for RFA according to the age and weight of the patients.The catheter was then inserted in a " U" or inverted " P" shape to the PSC.The long-term effect of ablation were reviewed.Results:The mean age and body weight of 15 patients with VAs originating from the PSC were (11.6±2.6) (6-15) years and (39.9±12.2) (19-65) kg, respectively.The electrocardiogram recorded during VAs originating from the PSC showed left bundle branch block and inferior axis with monomorphic R pattern, as well as a QS-wave in aVR and aVL.The electrocardiogram characteristics varied in patients with VAs originating from the PSC.The ideal excitation point was not found in the right ventricular outflow tract or the ablation was unsuccessful in all patients, and the earliest target was mapped and RFA was successful.Among the 15 patients, the successful ablation site was in the lower regions of the PSC, involving the right cusp in 11 patients(73.3%), the anterior cusp in 3 patients(20.0%), and the left cusp in 1 patient(6.7%). The earliest potential recorded at the PSC ablation site preceded the QRS complex onset by (27.3±6.0) ms.During the follow-up period for (2.7±2.0) years, no recurrence of VAs or complications were recorded.Conclusions:Under the premise of gentle catheterization procedure and appropriate radiofrequency energy, ablation was effective, safe and with low recurrence rate to eradicate VAs originating from the PSC in children.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effectiveness and safety of electrothermal acupuncture therapy for patients of moderate to severe cancer pain with METHODS: A total of 60 patients of moderate to severe cancer pain with RESULTS: The variation of NRS scores in the observation group were larger than the control group 3, 5 days into treatment ( CONCLUSION On the basis of the conventional western medication for analgesia, electrothermal acupuncture could relieve pain, reduce the dose of opioid painkillers and improve the quality of life in patients of moderate to severe cancer pain with
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Cancer Pain/therapy* ; Humans ; Neoplasms/therapy* ; Oxycodone ; Quality of Life ; Treatment Outcome

Objective:To identify the chemical constituents of Platycladi Cacumen before and after being carbonized. Method:Chemical constituents in 3 batches of Platycladi Cacumen and its carbonized products were identified and compared by ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry （UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS）. Chromatographic separation was performed on an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C₁₈ column （2.1 mm×100 mm， 1.7 μm） with 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution （A）- acetonitrile （B） as mobile phase for gradient elution （0-3.5 min， 5%-15%B； 3.5-6 min， 15%-30%B； 6-6.5 min， 30%B； 6.5-12 min， 30%-70%B； 12-12.5 min， 70%B； 12.5-18 min， 70%-100%B； 18-22 min， 100%B）. The flow rate was 0.4 mL·min^-1 and the injection volume was 5 μL. Mass spectrometry was performed by an electrospray ionization， and the primary and secondary mass spectrometry data were collected with the full scan mode of positive and negative ions， the peaks containing MS/MS data were identified by self-established secondary mass spectrometry database and corresponding fragmentation law matching method. Result:A total of 77 and 76 substances with the same change trend were identified under positive and negative ion modes. After being carbonized， the disappeared components of Platycladi Cacumen were mainly amino acids， ketone aldehydes and other volatile components. Among newly produced components， there were 6 kinds of flavonoid aglycones （rhamnetin， 6，7，3'-trihydroxyflavone， 3，6，3'-trihydroxyflavone， 4'-hydroxy-2'-methyl-3，4，5-trimethoxychalcone， herbacetin and 3'，5'-dimethoxy-3，5，7，4'-tetrahydroxyflavone）， 3 kinds of coumarins （7-hydroxycoumarin， 7，8-dihydroxycoumarin and 8-acetyl-7-hydroxycoum-arin） and 3 kinds of benzoic acids （3-methylcatechol， pyrocatechol and chromone-3-carboxylic acid）. There were a total of 40 flavonoids （quercitrin， quercetin， kaempferol， etc.） among these identified chemical constituents. Conclusion:There are significant quantitative and qualitative changes in the chemical compositions of Platycladi Cacumen after being carbonized. The flavonoids， the identified main active ingredients， can provide data reference for further study on the material basis of efficacy changes of Platycladi Cacumen before and after being carbonized.

Licorice is one of the most commonly used traditional Chinese medicine. In clinic, raw licorice and honey-fried licorice are used in medicines, with the main effects in clearing away heat and detoxifying, moistening lungs and removing phlegm. Honey-fried licorice has effects in nourishing the spleen and stomach and replenishing Qi and pulse. Because traditional Chinese medicine exerts the effects through multiple components and multiple targets, the index components used in the quality evaluation of licorice are often difficult to reflect their real quality. In addition, most of studies for the quality standards have shown that honey-fried licorice are the same as licorice, with a lack of quality evaluation standards that can demonstrate their processing characteristics. The quality of medicine is directly related to its clinical efficacy, so it is necessary to establish a more effective quality control method. Licorice has a beany smell, which is one of the main quality identification characteristics. In this study, by taking advantage of the odor characteristics, a headspace-gas chromatography-ion migration mass spectrometry technology was used to establish a quality evaluation method. A total of 76 volatile components were identified. Through the dynamic principal component analysis, 7 kinds of volatile substances in raw licorice and 13 kinds of volatile substances in honey-fried licorice were statistically obtained, and could be taken as index components for the quality evaluation of raw and honey-fried licorice, respectively. This study could help realize the combination and unification of modern detection and traditional quality evaluation methods, and make a more realistic evaluation for the quality of licorice.
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Glycyrrhiza ; Honey ; analysis ; Ion Mobility Spectrometry ; Volatile Organic Compounds ; analysis

Objective: To investigate the quality of Platycladi Cacumen carbonisata pieces in the market,then to explore control standard of "carbonizing retains characteristics" of Platycladi Cacumen.Method: The properties,water content and alcohol extract content of commercial Platycladi Cacumen carbonisata pieces were determined by the method in the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.Thin layer chromatography(TLC) identification of quercetin and contents of quercetin and quercitin were determined.Result: The carbonizing degree of 9 batches of Platycladi Cacumen carbonisata pieces were heavier than which is specified in the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.The conditions of TLC identification in the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia should be revised to avoid stratification;the carbonizing degree could affect the contents of quercetin and quercitin in Platycladi Cacumen carbonisata pieces;the simultaneous detection of quercetin and quercitin can be used as one of the quality control indexes of this carbonisata pieces.Conclusion: Most of commercial Platycladi Cacumen carbonisata pieces have the quality problem of excessive carbonizing degree,the established quality control standard of "carbonizing retains characteristics" can be used to effectively ensure the quality of Platycladi Cacumen carbonisata pieces.

Objective To label human amniotic epithelial cells(hAECs) by using PEI-FeOnanoparticles. Methods The PEI-FeOnanoparticles were characterized by using transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The primary cultured hAECs were labeled with the nanoparticles,and the labeling efficiency was evaluated by Prussian blue staining. The cell survival rate and viability were tested by using placenta blue staining and CCK-8 assay,respectively. Results The PEI-FeOnanoparticles were compact spheres with an average particle size of 13 nm,a hydrodynamic radius of 17.56 nm,and a zeta potential of+34.5 mV. The labeling efficiency of the nanoparticles on hAECs reached 91% when the concentrations were greater than 20 μg/ml. When the concentrations of nanoparticles were at 50 μg/ml(t=16.37,P<0.0001;t=10.39,P<0.0001) and 100 μg/ml(t=29.89,P<0.0001;t=16.86,P<0.0001),the cell survival rates and cell viabilities were significantly reduced versus controls. Conclusion The PEI-FeOnanoparticles can be used for labeling hAECs without obvious cytotoxicity at its working concentration.