Objective: To understand the association between positive and negative childhood experiences with uncertainty stress in college students. Methods: From March to May 2021, 1 816 college students in Jiangsu and Hubei Province were randomly selected, and an electronic structured questionnaire was used to collect the general characteristics, positive and adverse childhood experience, and uncertainty stress. Logistic regression was used to explore the association between positive and negative childhood experiences with uncertainty stress. Results: The reported rate of uncertainty stress among 1 816 college students was 27.5%( n =500). Logistic regression results showed that the risk of uncertainty stress among students with childhood abuse experience was 2.10 times higher than that of control group( OR=2.10, 95%CI =1.64-2.70). The probability of uncertainty stress in students with high self awareness was 37% of those with low self awareness( OR=0.37, 95%CI =0.24-0.57). The probability of uncertainty stress in students with positive predictable life was 32% of those without( OR=0.32, 95%CI =0.13-0.77). Conclusion College students are vulnerable population for psychological stress. Both positive and adverse childhood experience are associated with the occurrence of uncertainty stress. Early screening for with adverse childhood experiences in adolescents is recommended to protect physical and mental health.