Alzheimer's disease （AD） is a deleterious neurodegenerative disorder， which has become a significant public health concern and economic burden. The pathogenesis of AD is complex and involves several hypotheses such as amyloid β-protein （Aβ） deposition， Tau protein hyperphosphorylation， oxidative stress， and inflammation. There is an urgent need for a holism-based comprehensive intervention with multi-pathway， multi-level， and multi-target characteristics， which demonstrates the unique advantage of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. Therefore， it is of great significance to conduct and promote research on TCM treatment of AD. Danggui Shaoyaosan （DSS） from the Synopsis of Golden Chamber （《金匮要略》） by ZHANG Zhongjing （150 AD-219 AD） was originally designed for reliving gynecological ailments. It is a classic TCM formula that modulates liver and spleen and dispels blood stasis and water retention. Since the late 1980s when Japanese researchers reported its therapeutic effect on AD， it has been widely used in the clinic with clear effects. The elucidation of the mechanism of this formula helps exert its effects. Hereby， this paper reviewed relative research progress and made an analysis in terms of attenuating aberrant accumulation of Aβ and hyperphosphorylated Tau protein， anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities， mediating neurotransmitters， ameliorating lipid metabolism， modulating gut microbiota， reduced neuron apoptosis， decreasing intracellular Ca²⁺ overloading， and increasing the expression of estradiol. This paper is expected to provide references for understanding the scientific connotation of DDS in the treatment of AD and lay a solid foundation for further investigation.