·To improve the effect of glaucoma filtration operation in reducing intraocular pressure ( lOP ) , it’s important to prevent and inhibit fibrotic scar formation during and after operation.This paper focuses on the current and future possible means for modulation of wound healing after glaucoma filtration surgery, mainly including series of medications ( antimetabolites, anti-inflammation drugs, antigrowth factor drugs, drugs acting on cell signal pathways, etc.) , new drug delivery system and other technologies. This article also discusses the future orientation in this field.

ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of midkine(MK) and its relation with angiogenesis, biological features and prognosis of pancreatic carcinoma(PC).MethodsMK expression and microvessel density(MVD) were determined in 52 cases of human PC with immunohistochemistry and results were compared with pathology.ResultsMean MVD of PC was 64?18 and positive expression of MK was detected in 38 cases (73%). The positive rate of MK was significantly lower in cases of without metastasis and at early clinical stage (stageⅠ～Ⅱ) than that with metastasis and at stage Ⅲ～Ⅳ. MVD was significantly higher in MK-positive PC than in MK-negative PC (P

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of sunitinib versus sorafenib in the first-line treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma.Methods Forty-two patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma were divided into two groups according to the therapeutic method.Twenty patients were treated with sunitinib (50 mg, oral administration, once a day, for 4 weeks, drug withdrawal of 2 weeks, 6 weeks was a cycle) and 22 patients were treated with sorafenib (400 mg, oral administration, twice a day, until the disease progression, 6 weeks was a cycle).The efficacy and toxicity were evaluated every 2-cycle treatment.Results All 42 patients could be evaluated.The disease remission rate (RR), disease control rate (DCR) of sunitinib group and sorafenib group were 30.0％ (6/20), 22.7％ (5/22), 90.0％ (18/20), 77.3％ (17/22) respectively,the median progression free survival (PFS) were 10.8, 6.2 months, the median overall survival (OS) were 25.6, 18.6 months respectively.There were no statistical differences in the RR (x2 =0.287, P =0.592) and DCR (x2 =1.222, P =0.269) between the two groups.There were statistical difference in the PFS (x2 =6.041, P =0.014) and OS (x2 =11.245, P =0.001) between the two groups.The most common toxicities of the sunitinib group were diarrhea, fatigue, oral mucositis, nausea, vomiting, all these toxicities were mainly Ⅰ-Ⅱ degree, and could be well tolerated.The hand-foot syndrome rate of the sorafenib group obviously exceeded the sunitinib group (59.1％ vs.25.0％ , x2 =4.972, P =0.026).Conclusion Sunitinib has good efficacy in the first-line treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma with less toxicity than sorafenib, so it is worthy of popularization.

Biogenic molluscicides refer to the use of plants,animals and micro?organisms or their metabolites,and synthesis biomimetic molluscicides to kill Oncomelania hupensis snails. With the rapid development of science and technology,new bio?genic molluscicides are continuously emerging and the category also continues to expand. According to the molluscicidal active ingredient and sources,at present,the biogenic molluscicides with in?depth studies include plant?derived molluscicides,micro?organism molluscicides,microbial metabolite molluscicides and animal molluscicides. This paper reviews the advances in the re?searches of biogenic molluscicides in recent years.

Aim To study the effect of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid receptor(GHBR ) on neuronal apoptosis suffering from focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Methods The male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 240～280 g were randomly divided into seven groups: sham operation group(sham), ischemia-reperfusion group(Isc/R) ,NCS-356 160、320、640 ?g?kg-1 group(N1、N2、N3),NCS-382 640+NCS-356 640 ?g?kg-1 group(NCS-382+N3),and nimodipine 600 ?g?kg-1 group(Nim).The middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) model invented by Zea Longa with modifications was adopted. The experiment was divided into two parts after ischemia reperfusion for 24h:In the first part,we measured the cerebral expression of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3 by immuneohistochemical method. In the second part,we measured neuronal apoptotic rate by flow cytometry in the ischemic cortex region. Results The expression rate of Bcl-2 and Bcl-2/Bax ratio of N1,N2,N3 and Nim groups were all higher than that of Isc/R group(P

Objective:To establish a rat model of erectile dysfunction caused by the injury of the cavernous nerve. Methods:Rats topographical anatomy were done for identifing the cavernous nerve and major pelvic ganglion and pelvic nerve and hypogastric nerve .Polygraph intracavernous pressure of the models were detected continuously and evaluated. Results:Erectile process was controlled by erectile nerve. Major pelvic ganglion includes two inflows,they are called pelvic nerve and hypogastric nerve. The largest outflow is cavernous nerve. The injury of the cavernous nerve will lead to erectile dysfunction. Conclusion:Rat can be an ideal animal model for studying the erectile dysfunction caused by cavernous nerve injury. The neuvological mechanism of erectile dysfunction can be evaluated with determination of intracavernous pressure.

AIM To investigate the effects of melatonin (MT) on glutathione peroxidase(GPx), superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities and malondialdehyde(MDA) contents in the cerebrum of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion gerbils, so as to explore the protective mechanisms of MT. METHODS Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model was made by 10 min occlusion of bilateral carotid arteries of gerbil. MT was administered intraperitoneally 30 min prior to the onset of ischemia. After 1 h reperfusion, bilateral cortex and striatum were taken out for measurement of GPx, SOD and MDA. RESULTS Ischemia-reperfusion lowered the activities of GPx and SOD in cerebral cortex and striatum. Conversely, it elevated the contents of MDA in both areas. Treatment with MT at 5, 10, or 20 mg?kg -1 partly reversed these effects. CONCLUSION MT provides protective effect against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by protecting GPx and SOD activities and reducing the lipid peroxidation.

Macrophages,as an important member of innate immune system,constitute a major component of the microenvironment of tumours,and play an important role in the occurrence and development of tumor.According to particular phenotypes and functions,macrophages can be divided into M1 macrophages and M2 macrophages.In the research of breast cancer,lung cancer,gynecological malignancies,researchers have found that tumor-associated macrophage has the similar phenotype and function of M2 macrophages.Tumor-associated macrophage can promote the formation of new blood vessels and lymphatic vessels in tumor tissue,thus contributing to the occurrence and development of tumor.The relation between tumor-associated macrophage and poor prognosis was also be found.The tumor microenvironment can affect the phenotype and function of macrophages,such as TGF,IL-10 and PGE-2.This paper reviewed the role and mechanism of macrophages in the tumorigenesis.

Objective To study the effect of selective COX-2 inhibitor NS-398 on IL-1α and TNF a expression in HaCaT cells induced by UVA/UVB,and further to explore the mechanism on anti human skin photo damage. Methods The subcuhured HaCaT cells were divided into three groups:simple illuminated group was exposed to UVA/UVB directly,NS-398 interfered group was exposed to UVA/UVB after being treated with NS-398 in different concentrations,and the control group was cultured in normal without any treatment.The expression of IL -1α and TNF-α in supernarant was detected by ELISA kit.Results The level of IL-1α and TNF-α expression in supernatant from simple illuminated group was remarkably higher than that in the control group,NS-398 interfered group showed much lower level than the simple illuminated one,and the expression of IL-1α and TNF-α was dependent on the concentration of NS-398.Conclusions NS-398 can reduce IL-1α and TNF-α expression in HaCaT cells induced by ultraviolet rays,suggesting the possibility of anti human skin photo- damage effect.

Objective To explore surgical options and clinical outcome of preperitoneal hernia repair (TAPP) and totally ext raperitoneal hernia repair (TEP) in inguinal hernia repair.Methods The clinical data of 302 patients underwent laparoscopic herniorrhaphy were retrospectively analyzed.Results None of patient s was changed to open operation.The TAPP and TEP outcome measures:the unilateral hernia surgery time from (31.2 ± 8.3) min and (55.3 ± 15.2) min,bilateral hernia surgery time was (46.2 ± 11.2)min and (80.2 ± 23.2) min; blood loss was (6.4 ± 2.0) ml and (7.2 ± 1.6) ml,bed activity for the first was (16.0 ± 1.8) h and (16.0 ± 1.5) h,hospital stay was (3.0 ±0.6) d and (3.1 ±0.8) d.Conclusions Laparoscope herniorrhaphy is safe due to lower recurrence and complications.It also has the advantages of slight pain and rapid recovery.